scholarly journals Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation Enhances Endurance to Severe Heat Stress in Three Horticultural Crops

HortScience ◽  
2021 ◽  
pp. 1-11
Author(s):  
Maxym Reva ◽  
Custodia Cano ◽  
Miguel-Angel Herrera ◽  
Alberto Bago
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
Severe Heat Stress

Global climate change is increasing temperatures worldwide, which greatly affects all biological relationships. Plant and soil ecosystems are also suffering in this new scenario, especially in semi-arid areas where water resources are limited. Regarding agricultural crops, temperatures that increase dramatically negatively affect fruit production and quality, making it mandatory to find sustainable practices to cope with these new situations. Symbiotic microorganisms in general and arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi in particular have been revealed as promising methods of alleviating stress that are respectful of the environment and soil equilibrium. In this work, we demonstrate the suitability of an ultra-pure, in vitro-issued arbuscular mycorrhizal inoculant for alleviating severe heat stress when applied to three important agricultural crops (tomato: Solanum lycopersicum L.; pepper: Capiscum annuum L.; cucumber: Cucumis sativus L.) under agronomic conditions. Inoculated plants had greatly improved endurance under heat stress because of increased vigor, productivity, and fruit quality. Considering the actual scenario of global climate change, our results shed a light of hope and indicate more sustainable cultivation practices adapted to global change.

Environmental and Endocrine Control of Reproduction in Two Species of Polychaete: Potential Bio-Indicators for Global Climate Change

1996 ◽  
Vol 76 (1) ◽  
pp. 247-250 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.J. Lawrence
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Control Mechanism ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Warning System ◽  
Environmental Cues ◽  
Endocrine Control ◽  
The Impact

An in vitro bioassay has been developed which shows that oogenesis in Harmothoe imbricata is controlled by a gonadotrophic hormone which promotes egg protein synthesis in developing oocytes. A similar endocrine control mechanism is found in Eulalia viridis and analysis of in vivo assays indicate that the hormone acts as a transducer between the environment and the gamete. The timing of gametogenesis is controlled by environmental cues in both species and may be affected by predicted global climate change. With the development of these sensitive hormone assays it is possible to test the impact of climate change on both species, providing a possible early warning system for global warming and potential bio-indicators of climate change. Harmothoe imbricata is likely to be the more sensitive indicator species.

scholarly journals Isolation, Characterization, and Efficacy of Actinobacteria Associated with Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Spores in Promoting Plant Growth of Chili (Capsicum flutescens L.)

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (6) ◽  
pp. 1274
Author(s):  
Leardwiriyakool Chaiya ◽  
Jaturong Kumla ◽  
Nakarin Suwannarach ◽  
Tanongkiat Kiatsiriroat ◽  
Saisamorn Lumyong
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Mycorrhizal Fungi ◽  
Arbuscular Mycorrhizal ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
In Vitro Assay ◽  
Vitro Assay ◽  
Genus Streptomyces ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Growth Promoting

Nowadays, microorganisms that display plant growth promoting properties are significantly interesting for their potential role in reducing the use of chemical fertilizers. This research study proposed the isolation of the actinobacteria associated with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) spores and the investigation of their plant growth promoting properties in the in vitro assay. Three actinobacterial strains were obtained and identified to the genus Streptomyces (GETU-1 and GIG-1) and Amycolatopsis (GLM-2). The results indicated that all actinobacterial strains produced indole-3-acetic acid (IAA) and were positive in terms of siderophore, endoglucanase, and ammonia productions. In the in vitro assay, all strains were grown in the presence of water activity within a range of 0.897 to 0.998, pH values within a range of 5–11, and in the presence of 2.5% NaCl for the investigation of drought, pH, and salt tolerances, respectively. Additionally, all strains were able to tolerate commercial insecticides (propargite and methomyl) and fungicides (captan) at the recommended dosages for field applications. Only, Amycolatopsis sp. GLM-2 showed tolerance to benomyl at the recommended dose. All the obtained actinobacteria were characterized as plant growth promoting strains by improving the growth of chili plants (Capsicum flutescens L.). Moreover, the co-inoculation treatment of the obtained actinobacteria and AMF (Claroideoglomus etunicatum) spores could significantly increase plant growth, contribute to the chlorophyll index, and enhance fruit production in chili plants. Additionally, the highest value of AMF spore production and the greatest percentage of root colonization were observed in the treatment that had been co-inoculated with Streptomyces sp. GETU-1.

scholarly journals Impact of global climate change on livestock health: Bangladesh perspective

2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Md Zulfekar Ali ◽  
Gemma Carlile ◽  
Mohammad Giasuddin
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Food Security ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Extreme Weather Events ◽  
Livestock Health ◽  
The Impact ◽  
Global Carbon

The global carbon emission rate, due to energy-driven consumption of fossil fuels and anthropogenic activities, is higher at any point in mankind history, disrupting the global carbon cycle and contributing to a major cause of warming of the planet with air and ocean temperatures, which is rising dangerously over the past century. Climate change presents challenges both direct and indirect for livestock production and health. With more frequent extreme weather events including increased temperatures, livestock health is greatly affected by resulting heat stress, metabolic disorder, oxidative stress, and immune suppression, resulting in an increased propensity for disease incidence and death. The indirect health effects relate to the multiplication and distribution of parasites, reproduction, virulence, and transmission of infectious pathogens and/or their vectors. Managing the growing crossbreeding livestock industry in Bangladesh is also at the coalface for the emerging impacts of climate change, with unknown consequences for the incidence of emerging and re-emerging diseases. Bangladesh is now one of the most vulnerable nations to global climate change. The livestock sector is considered as a major part of food security for Bangladesh, alongside agriculture, and with one of the world’s largest growing economies, the impacts are exaggerated with this disaster. There has been no direct study conducted on the impact of climate  change on livestock health and the diseases in Bangladesh. This review looks to explore the linkage between climate change and livestock health and provide some guidelines to combat the impact on livestock from the Bangladesh perspective. Keywords: Animal health, Climate change, Food security, Heat stress, Oxidative stress.

scholarly journals Vulnerability of Temperate Fruit Production to Climate Change: Adaptation and Mitigation Measures: A Review

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rimpika . ◽  
D.P. Sharma ◽  
Ajender .
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Climatic Variability ◽  
Rapid Change ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Climate Change Scenarios ◽  
Fruit Crops ◽  
The Past ◽  
The Mean

Climate change refers to a statistically significant variation in either the mean state of the climate or in its variability, persisting for an extended period (typically decades or longer). As per United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC), change of climate is attributed directly or indirectly to human activity that alters the composition of global atmosphere and which is in addition to natural climate variability observed over comparable time period. The earth’s climate, although relatively stable over the past 10,000 years or so, has always been changing, mainly due to natural causes such as volcanic activity. However, since the second half of 20th century more rapid change has taken place, which has been attributed mainly due to human activities. Plausible climate change scenarios include higher temperatures, changes in precipitation, and higher atmospheric CO2 concentrations. Temperate region of the country, comprising mainly north-west and north east Himalayan region has witnesses a dramatic change in climate over the past 30 years, where adverse effect of climate change on temperate fruit production has been noticed. The carbon dioxide, methane, nitrous oxide, sulpherdioxide, etc. form greenhouse gas (GHG) pools in the atmosphere. Increase in the concentration of these gases is responsible for global climate change. According to Inter Governmental Panel on climate Change (IPCC), the climate is defined as the average weather, or more rigorously, as the statistical description of the weather in terms of the mean and variability of relevant quantities over periods of several decades (typically three decades as defined by Meteorological Organization). These quantities are most often surface variables such as temperature, precipitation, and wind, but in a wider sense the climate is the description of the state of the climate system. Global climate change and increasing climatic variability are recently considered a huge concern worldwide due to enormous emissions of greenhouse gases to the atmosphere and its more apparent effect on fruit crops because of its perennial nature. The changed climatic parameters affect the crop physiology, biochemistry, floral biology, biotic stresses like disease pest incidence, etc. and ultimately resulted to the reduction of yield and quality of fruit crops. So, it is big challenge to the scientists of the world. Mitigation is the most important measures to reduce the devastating effect of climate change.

scholarly journals Plant Hormone-Mediated Regulation of Heat Tolerance in Response to Global Climate Change

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ning Li ◽  
Dejuan Euring ◽  
Joon Yung Cha ◽  
Zeng Lin ◽  
Mengzhu Lu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Heat Stress ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Plant Hormone ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Basic Knowledge ◽  
Irreversible Damage ◽  
Adaptive Mechanisms ◽  
Change Temperature ◽  
Global Mean

Agriculture is largely dependent on climate and is highly vulnerable to climate change. The global mean surface temperatures are increasing due to global climate change. Temperature beyond the physiological optimum for growth induces heat stress in plants causing detrimental and irreversible damage to plant development, growth, as well as productivity. Plants have evolved adaptive mechanisms in response to heat stress. The classical plant hormones, such as auxin, abscisic acid (ABA), brassinosteroids (BRs), cytokinin (CK), salicylic acid (SA), jasmonate (JA), and ethylene (ET), integrate environmental stimuli and endogenous signals to regulate plant defensive response to various abiotic stresses, including heat. Exogenous applications of those hormones prior or parallel to heat stress render plants more thermotolerant. In this review, we summarized the recent progress and current understanding of the roles of those phytohormones in defending plants against heat stress and the underlying signal transduction pathways. We also discussed the implication of the basic knowledge of hormone-regulated plant heat responsive mechanism to develop heat-resilient plants as an effective and efficient way to cope with global warming.

scholarly journals From petrochemistry to biotech: a European perspective on the bio-based economy

2011 ◽  
Vol 1 (2) ◽  
pp. 189-195 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laurens Landeweerd ◽  
Monique Surette ◽  
Corry van Driel
Keyword(s):  
Climate Change ◽  
Natural Resources ◽  
Global Climate Change ◽  
Crucial Role ◽  
Energy Supply ◽  
Global Climate ◽  
Industrial Biotechnology ◽  
Agricultural Crops ◽  
European Perspective ◽  
Food And Feed

This paper gives an account of the issues at play in Europe with regard to the transition to a bio-based economy. Agricultural crops have always been used for the production of food, feed, fibre and fuel. The Model T Ford—the first mass produced car—originally ran on bioethanol, and wood has been in use as a source for energy ever since the discovery of fire. What is new is that the balance between agricultural uses is changing under the pressure of an increasing need for food and feed, as well as the new need for biofuels and biomaterials. At the basis of this change lie several serious issues related to the current use of bio-based feedstock to secure energy supply, the future depletion of natural resources and global climate change. Innovations in industrial biotechnology are expected to play a crucial role in dealing with these issues in biomass use.

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