scholarly journals Apple Micrografting Protocol to Establish Transgenic Clones on Field Ready Rootstock

2003 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 641-646 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. David Lane ◽  
Basdeo Bhagwat ◽  
Susan Wahlgren ◽  
John D. Armstrong
Keyword(s):  
Side Branch ◽  
Shoot Tips ◽  
Shoot Cultures ◽  
Back Side ◽  
Wedge Shape ◽  
Nursery Trees ◽  
In Vitro Shoot Cultures ◽  
Screen House

A protocol for micrografting shoot tips harvested from in vitro shoot cultures directly to transplanted rootstock plants in the greenhouse was developed. Shoot tips of the apple (Malus domestica) cultivars Golden Delicious, Granny Smith and Fuji clone, Nagafu12, were harvested, stored in a water bath then prepared for grafting by cutting the stem immediately below the tip into a wedge shape leaving the tip approximately 3 mm (0.12 inch) long. The rootstock cultivar, Malling 9 (M.9) (M. domestica), was prepared by cutting into a young fast growing side branch to expose the cambium, creating a pocket into which the shoot tip was inserted. The cut section of the tip was oriented so as to contact the exposed rootstock cambium and was held in place by wrapping with a strip of pliable plastic film. Two weeks later the wrapping was loosened and the grafted branch cut back. Side branches of the rootstock were not removed until later in order to support rootstock growth. The scion shoots developed into nursery whips suitable for transplanting to a screen house or field after 2 months. The protocol proved to be a simple efficient way to rapidly grow nursery trees from tissue culture clones developed in genetic modification experiments and was used to propagate several hundred plants. Grafting success was often 100% but was reduced if quality of shoot tips was poor due to injury indicated by brown tip color. The protocol eliminates the steps of rooting, acclimatizing and growing shoots into plants to serve as a scion wood source.

scholarly journals Cryopreservation of aromatic ginger Kaempferia galanga L. by encapsulation-dehydration

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 11024
Author(s):  
Thankappan S. PREETHA ◽  
Achuthan S. HEMANTHAKUMAR ◽  
Peringatulli N. KRISHNAN
Keyword(s):  
Medicinal Plant ◽  
Shoot Regeneration ◽  
Calcium Alginate ◽  
Apical Meristem ◽  
Shoot Tips ◽  
Rapid Freezing ◽  
Shoot Cultures ◽  
Kaempferia Galanga ◽  
In Vitro Shoot Cultures

Kaempferia galanga L. is an endangered multi-purpose medicinal plant in Family Zingiberaceae, the rhizomes of which are used for several ayurvedic formulations. Encapsulation-dehydration (ED) method was optimized for cryopreservation of shoot tips of K. galanga. Shoot tips (STs) bearing the apical meristem dissected from the established in vitro shoot cultures were preconditioned in MS+0.4 M sucrose prior to encapsulation in calcium alginate and the beads subsequently transferred to MS liquid+0.3 M sucrose for 3 days afterward dehydration inside the laminar airflow for 4 hours upon rapid freezing in LN and rapid thawing produced maximum 62.2% survival and 46.7% regeneration rates. Shoot regeneration was observed from the apical meristems exclusive of intermediary callus phase. The plantlets regenerated from cryopreserved STs transferred to the field were phenotypically analogous with the mother plant.

scholarly journals Phytotoxicity and Other Adverse Effects on the In Vitro Shoot Cultures Caused by Virus Elimination Treatments: Reasons and Solutions

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 670
Author(s):  
Katalin Magyar-Tábori ◽  
Nóra Mendler-Drienyovszki ◽  
Alexandra Hanász ◽  
László Zsombik ◽  
Judit Dobránszki
Keyword(s):  
Adverse Effects ◽  
Physiological Condition ◽  
Harmful Effect ◽  
Shoot Cultures ◽  
Virus Elimination ◽  
In Vitro Shoots ◽  
Further Development ◽  
In Vitro Shoot Cultures ◽  
Harmful Effects

In general, in vitro virus elimination is based on the culture of isolated meristem, and in addition thermotherapy, chemotherapy, electrotherapy, and cryotherapy can also be applied. During these processes, plantlets suffer several stresses, which can result in low rate of survival, inhibited growth, incomplete development, or abnormal morphology. Even though the in vitro cultures survive the treatment, further development can be inhibited; thus, regeneration capacity of treated in vitro shoots or explants play also an important role in successful virus elimination. Sensitivity of genotypes to treatments is very different, and the rate of destruction largely depends on the physiological condition of plants as well. Exposure time of treatments affects the rate of damage in almost every therapy. Other factors such as temperature, illumination (thermotherapy), type and concentration of applied chemicals (chemo- and cryotherapy), and electric current intensity (electrotherapy) also may have a great impact on the rate of damage. However, there are several ways to decrease the harmful effect of treatments. This review summarizes the harmful effects of virus elimination treatments applied on tissue cultures reported in the literature. The aim of this review is to expound the solutions that can be used to mitigate phytotoxic and other adverse effects in practice.

scholarly journals In vitro Conservation and Cryopreservation of Nandina domestica, an Outdoor Ornamental Shrub

2013 ◽  
Vol 41 (2) ◽  
pp. 638 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aylin OZUDOGRU ◽  
Diogo Pedrosa Corrêa Da SILVA ◽  
Ergun KAYA ◽  
Giuliano DRADI ◽  
Renato PAIVA ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liquid Nitrogen ◽  
Storage Temperature ◽  
Sucrose Concentration ◽  
Aluminum Foil ◽  
Shoot Tips ◽  
In Vitro Conservation ◽  
Shoot Cultures ◽  
Storage Medium ◽  
Droplet Vitrification

The study focused on an economically-important ornamental outdoor shrub, Nandina domestica, with the aims to (i) optimize an effective in vitro conservation method, and (ii) develop a cryopreservation protocol for shoot tips by the PVS2 vitrification and droplet-vitrification techniques. For in vitro conservation of shoot cultures, the tested parameters were sucrose content in the storage medium (30, 45, 60 g/L) and storage temperature (4 °C or 8 °C). Cryopreservation was performed by applying the PVS2 vitrification solution, in 2-ml cryovials or in drops over aluminum foil strips, for 15, 30, 60 or 90 min at 0 °C, followed by the direct immersion in liquid nitrogen of shoot tips. Results show that N. domestica shoots can be conserved successfully for 6 months at both the temperatures tested, especially when 60 g/L sucrose is used in the storage medium. However, conservation at 4 °C showed to be more appropriate, as hyperhydricity was observed in post-conservation of shoots coming from storage at 8 °C. As for cryopreservation, a daily gradual increase of sucrose concentration (from 0.25 to 1.0 M) produced better protection to the samples that were stored in liquid nitrogen. Indeed, with this sucrose treatment method, a 30-min PVS2 incubation time was enough to produce, 60 days after thawing, the best recovery (47% and 50%) of shoot tips, cryopreserved with PVS2 vitrification and droplet-vitrification, respectively.

scholarly journals In vitro propagation of Rosa ‘Konstancin’ (R. rugosa × R. beggeriana), a plant with high nutritional and pro-health value

2018 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 259-267 ◽  
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Wojtania ◽  
Bożena Matysiak
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Propagation ◽  
Photosynthetic Activity ◽  
Shoot Culture ◽  
Bud Break ◽  
Multiplication Rate ◽  
Shoot Cultures ◽  
Old Field ◽  
Health Value

Abstract The aim of the study was to develop an efficient micropropagation system for Rosa ‘Konstancin’, an interspecific hybrid between R. rugosa and R. beggeriana, whose fruits have high pro-health value. Shoot cultures were initiated from shoot buds collected in May and August from 15-year-old field-grown Rosa ‘Konstancin’ shrubs. The effect and interaction of different concentrations of phytohormones, sucrose and iron sources on in vitro initiation, multiplication and rooting of shoots were studied. The time of collecting explants from donor plants significantly affected the initiation of shoot culture of Rosa ‘Konstancin’. Considerably higher frequency of bud break (100%) was obtained in explants isolated in August as compared to those collected at the end of May (30%). All buds developed into single shoots after 2-4 weeks of growing on the basal Murashige and Skoog medium containing 2.2 µM BAP, 0.3 µM GA3 and 88 mM of sucrose. The highest multiplication rate (4.8 shoots/explant) in a 5-week period was obtained on MS medium containing 50% of nitrogen salts, 3.1 µM BAP, 0.9 µM GA3 and 58 mM sucrose. High rooting frequency (100%) and quality of rooted plantlets was obtained on a medium containing 0.5 µM IBA, 138 µM Fe-EDDHA and 88 mM sucrose. Fe-EDDHA had a beneficial effect on the growth and photosynthetic activity of Rosa ‘Konstancin’ plantlets, which were successfully acclimatized ex vitro, with a more than 90% survival rate.

The Effectiveness of Selection for Salinity Tolerance Using In vitro Shoot Cultures

1988 ◽  
Vol 149 (2) ◽  
pp. 166-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Stephen F. Chandler ◽  
Kee Yoeup Paek ◽  
Eng-Chong Pua ◽  
Elena Ragolsky ◽  
Binay B. Mandal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Salinity Tolerance ◽  
Shoot Cultures ◽  
Selection For ◽  
In Vitro Shoot Cultures

scholarly journals In Vitro Plant Growth Promoting Activity of Phyllocladane Diterpenoids Isolated from Callicarpa macrophylla Vahl. in Shoot Cultures of Rauwolfia serpentina

2007 ◽  
Vol 2 (8) ◽  
pp. 1934578X0700200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Manoj K Goel ◽  
Arun K Kukreja ◽  
Anil K Singh ◽  
Suman Preet S Khanuja
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Shoot Cultures ◽  
Rauwolfia Serpentina ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Activities ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting ◽  
Plant Tissue Cultures ◽  
Plant Growth Promoting Activity ◽  
Growth Promoting ◽  
In Vitro Shoot Cultures

Phyllocladane diterpenoids, particularly calliterpenone (1) and calliterpenone monoacetate (2), isolated from leaves of Callicarpa macrophylla, produced significantly higher growth and multiplication of in vitro shoot cultures of Rauwolfia serpentina at 0.25 and 0.5 mg/L concentrations, respectively, compared to certain other plant growth regulators (0.1-5.0 mg/L) tested under in vitro conditions. This is the first report of the plant growth promoting activities of 1 and 2 in plant tissue cultures.

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