wedge shape
Recently Published Documents


TOTAL DOCUMENTS

93
(FIVE YEARS 20)

H-INDEX

11
(FIVE YEARS 2)

2021 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 326-331
Author(s):  
Serghei Covantev ◽  
◽  
Rasul Uzdenov ◽  
Daria Turovets ◽  
Olga Belic ◽  
...  

Introduction: The spleen is located in the upper part of the abdominal cavity. As an organ, the spleen can have various shapes and size. Material and methods: The human spleen was studied in 273 cadavers (154 men and 119 women) who did not have diseases of the spleen. The shape of the spleen was analyzed based on splenic index, Michels classification. Results: The most common shape of the spleen in men is the elongated one. It was encountered in 79 (51.3%) cases out of 154. In women, the most common shape was the intermediate. It was encountered in 51 (42.9%) of the 119 cases. Based on Michels classification the clinoid (wedge) shape was encountered in 102 (37.74%) cases, triangular in 59 (21.83%) and tetrahedral in 30 (11.1%). In 30.26% the shape of the spleen couldn’t be classified according to Michels classification. In 21 cases (7.77%) the spleen had a flat shape; in 27 (9.99%) – dome-shaped; in 1 case (0,37%) – Z-shape; in 18 (6.66%) – round shape; in 6 (2.22%) – irregular shape; in 2 (0.66%) - shape with a node in the hilum; in 1 (0,37%) – rhomboid shape, in 2 (0,74%) – bilobed shape and in 4 cases (1,48%) – lobular shape. The splenic fissures located on the upper edge of the organ were found in 81 (29.91%) cases, and also on the lower edge - in 41 (14.02%) cases. In 13 (4.67%) cases fissures were encountered on both sides. In 148 (51.4%) cases the spleen had no fissures on its surface. Conclusions: The spleen has various shapes beyond the classical wedge, triangular and tetrahedral. All of these shapes do not represent a pathological finding but in certain situation may require further analysis and interpretation depending on the imaging technique and experience of the physician.


2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (3.2) ◽  
pp. 8064-8068
Author(s):  
A.Thamarai selvi ◽  
◽  
Precila Infant Vincy. V ◽  
T. L. Anbumani ◽  
◽  
...  

Introduction: Spleen is the largest and secondary lymphoid organ in humans. It has two ends: Anterior and Posterior end. Two surfaces: Visceral and Diaphragmatic surfaces. Three borders: Superior, Inferior and Intermediate. Spleen begins to develop during the 5th week of intra-uterine life from a mass of mesenchymal cells, originating in the dorsal mesogastrium as a localized thickening of coelomic epithelium. The spleen is lobulated in foetus but the lobules normally disappear before birth. The imperfect fusion of splenic masses during embryonic life results in an accessory spleen. The spleen plays a vital role in regard to blood storage, formation of lymphocyte and defense against foreign particles. Materials and methods: The study was carried out in 50 formalin fixed spleen from the Department of Anatomy, Karpaga Vinayaga Institute of Medical Sciences, Madurantakam Taluk, Chengalpet Dt, Tamilnadu, India. Results: Out of 50 spleens, Wedge shape is seen in 33 spleens, Triangular shape is observed in 5 spleens, tetrahedral in 7 spleens, oval shape in 3 spleens, and dome-shaped in 2 spleen. The splenic notches were observed in the superior border in 44 spleens (88%) and notch seen in the inferior border in 4 spleens (8%) and the absence of a notch in both the superior and inferior border noted in 2 spleens (4%). The number of notches on the superior border is from 1 to 4 and the number of notches on the inferior border is 1. Fissures noted in 8 spleens (16%). In 5 specimens fissures extended to reach the visceral surface. Conclusion: The presence of abnormal fissures and lobes of the spleen might confuse the radiologists. Abnormal lobulation might cause misinterpretation as mass originating from the kidney. It is essential for surgeons and radiologists to be aware of the splenic variations. KEY WORDS: splenic surfaces, shapes, notches, fissures.


Author(s):  
Jefferson Talledo

Die fracture strength measurement is important to assess the robustness of a specific silicon die such that it is strong enough to resist die crack. There are several methods used to measure the strength of silicon die and 3-point bend test is the most common. However, the impact of the loading anvil shape on die strength results needs to be investigated. This paper discusses the comparison of die strength characterization using different loading anvil shapes in a 3-point bend test. The anvil shapes considered were wedge shape and needle shape. Die strength calculations were all done using the standard 3-point bend formula for flexural stress. Statistical analysis of the results revealed that die strength measured using wedge shape loading anvil is not significantly different from the strength measured using the needle shape loading anvil. Therefore, using the needle shape loading anvil in a 3-point bend test could still provide die strength results comparable with the results using the standard wedge shape loading anvil.


Author(s):  
Т. В. Гиоргобиани ◽  
Д.П. Закарая

В статье рассмотрен вопрос о механизме образования складчатости Большого Кавказа, который до сих пор является дискуссионным. В настоящее время условия формирования главной (допозднеорогенной) структуры региона объясняются большинством исследователей мобилисткими поддвиговими и придвиговыми механизмами складкообразования, установленными анализом полевых материалов. Однако, для решения этого вопроса, необходимо провести экспериментальные ис- следования возможностей этих механизмов, чтобы убедиться в их достоверности. Цель работы. Экспериментальное исследование поддвиговых и придвиговых механизмов формирования складчатой структуры, для установления подобия, полученной с помощью моделирования складчатости и структуры Большого Кавказа. Методика исследований заключалась в проведении экспериментального моделирования процессов складкогенеза. Модели, имитирующие осадочные толщи Большого Кавказа, состояли из пачек чередования горизонтальных слоев петролатума, которые помещались между двумя деревянными бру- сками. При моделировании поддвигового механизма складчатости, давящий брусок имел клинообразную форму, чем имитировались сколовые пологие разломы. В опытах придвигового механизма деформации активный брусок имел крутую грань, чем воспроизводился субвертикальный наклон краевого разлома. Исходные модели помещались в специальный прибор, где они подвергались односторонней тангенциальной деформации. Результаты. При моделировании поддвигового механизма образования складчатости в процессе косого сжатия в слоистой толще наблюдались надвиговые (поддвиговые) смещения вдоль пологой поверхности сколового разлома почти недеформированных слоев. За ними в условиях горизонтального сжатия в слоистой пачке возникла субвертикальная мелкая сильносжатая складчатость. В процессе моделирования придвигового механизма складкогенеза бруски с крутыми гранями прижимались к слоевой пачке. Во время параллельной к слоистости деформации модели, вблизи давящего блока, возникла зональная субвертикальная тесносжатая складчатость. Ее напряженность уменьшалась в сторону пассивного бруска, где она переходила в моноклинальную структуру. В процессе моделирования в поддвиговых опытах образовалась зональная складчатость, интенсивность которой возрастала с удалением от места давления. Такая морфология складчатости не характерна региону, что противоречит гипотезе о поддвиговом механизме его складкообразования. В придвиговых экспериментах также образовалась асимметричная зональная структура, но ее напряженность уменьшалась в обратном направлении. Аналогичная зональность складчатой структуры развита в пределах Большого Кавказа, что подтверждает возможность ее формирования придвиговым механизмом тектогенеза. In the article is discussed the mechanism of folding of the Greater Caucasus, which is still controversial. At present, the conditions for the formation of the main (pre-late orogenic) structure of the region, by most researchers in the result of analysis of the field data are considered as mobile underthrusting and thrusting mechanisms of folding. However, to resolve this issue, it is necessary to conduct experimental studies of the capabilities of these mechanisms to ensure their reliability. Aim. Experimental study of the underthrusting and thrusting mechanisms of the formation of a folded structure, to establish the similarity of the folding obtained by modeling and structure of the Greater Caucasus. The research methodology consisted in carrying out experimental modeling of fold genesis processes. Models imitating sedimentary strata of the Greater Caucasus consisted of packs of alternating horizontal layers of petrolatum, which were placed between two wooden blocks. When modeling the underthrusting mechanism of folding, the pressing bar had a wedge shape, which simulated gently sloping shear faults. In experiments with the thrusting mechanism of deformation, the active bars had steep edges, which produced the subvertical inclination of the edge fault. The original models were placed in a special device, where they were subjected to one-sided tangential deformation. Results. During modeling the underthrusting mechanism of folding in the process of oblique compression in the layered strata, overthrust (underthrust) displacements were observed along the gently-dipping surface of the shear fault of the almost undeformed layers. Behind them, under horizontal compression in the layered pack, subvertical highly compressed small scaled folding has developed. In the process of modeling the thrusting mechanism of folding genesis, bars with steep edges were pressed against the layered stack. During the deformation of the model parallel to the bedding, a zonal subvertical tightly compressed folding appeared near the pressing block. Its strength decreased towards the passive bar, where it passed into a monoclinal structure. In the course of modeling in underthrusting experiments, zonal folding was formed, the intensity of which increased with distance from the place of pressure. This folding morphology is not typical for the region, which contradicts the hypothesis of the underthrusting mechanism of its folding. In thrust experiments, an asymmetric zonal structure was also formed, but its tension decreased in the opposite direction. A similar zoning of the folded structure is developed within the Greater Caucasus, which confirms the possibility of its formation by the thrust mechanism of tectogenesis


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document