scholarly journals Effectiveness of Pasteurized Poultry Litter as a Partial Substitute for Controlled-release Fertilizers in the Production of Container-grown Ornamental Plants

2008 ◽  
Vol 18 (4) ◽  
pp. 671-677 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Broschat
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Environmental Concern ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Poultry Litter ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Hibiscus Rosa Sinensis ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Chinese Hibiscus ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizers

In two experiments, pasteurized poultry litter (PPL) was evaluated as a potential substitute for controlled-release fertilizers in the production of container-grown downy jasmine (Jasminum multiflorum), chinese hibiscus (Hibiscus rosa-sinensis), and areca palm (Dypsis lutescens). Downy jasmine and chinese hibiscus generally grew better when provided with PPL as a micronutrient source than with no micronutrients or with an inorganic micronutrient blend (MN). However, areca palm grew poorly with PPL as a fertilizer supplement compared with MN-fertilized areca palm. PPL provided high levels of ammonium nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium during the first few weeks, but soil solution levels of these elements dropped off rapidly in subsequent weeks. The large amount of phosphorus leached from the containers fertilized with PPL is an environmental concern.

scholarly journals Rates of Ammonium-nitrogen, Nitrate-nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium from Two Controlled-release Fertilizers under Different Substrate Environments

2005 ◽  
Vol 15 (2) ◽  
pp. 332-335 ◽  
Author(s):  
Timothy K. Broschat
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Nitrate Nitrogen ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Silica Sand ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
P Release ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizers

Five-gram (0.18 oz) samples of two controlled-release fertilizers (CRFs), Osmocote 15N–3.9P–10K (8–9 month) (OSM) and Nutricote 18N–2.6P–6.7K (type 180) (NUTR), were sealed into polypropylene mesh packets that were placed on the surface of a 5 pine bark: 4 sedge peat: 1 sand (by volume) potting substrate (PS), buried 10 cm (3.9 inches) deep below the surface of PS, buried 10 cm below the surface of saturated silica sand (SS), or in a container of deionized water only. Containers with PS received 120 mL (4.1 floz) of deionized water three times per week, but the containers with SS or water only had no drainage and were sealed to prevent evaporation. Samples were removed after 2, 5, or 7 months of incubation at 23 °C (73.4 °F) and fertilizer prills were crushed, extracted with water, and analyzed for ammonium-nitrogen (NH4-N), nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K). Release rates of NO3-N were slightly faster than those of NH4-N and both N ions were released from both products much more rapidly than P or K. After 7 months, OSM prills retained only 8% of their NO3-N, 11% of their NH4-N, 25% of their K, and 46% of their P when averaged across all treatments. Nutricote prills retained 21% of their NO3-N, 28% of their NH4-N, 51% of their K, and 65% of their P. Release of all nutrients from both fertilizers was slowest when applied to the surface of PS, while both products released most rapidly in water only. Release rates in water only exceeded those in SS, presumably due to lower rates of mass flow in SS.

scholarly journals Plant Growth and Leachate Electrical Conductivity and pH as Influenced by Controlled-release Fertilizer Blends and Coating Technologies

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (5) ◽  
pp. 639-643 ◽  
Author(s):  
Carey Grable ◽  
Joshua Knight ◽  
Dewayne L. Ingram
Keyword(s):  
Trace Elements ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Polymer Coating ◽  
Ornamental Plants ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Polymer Coatings ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
Shoot Dry Weight ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizers

Although controlled-release fertilizers (CRFs) have been used in container-grown ornamental plants for decades, new coating technologies and blends of fertilizers coated for specific release rates are being employed to customize fertility for specific environments and crops. A study was conducted in the transitional climate of Kentucky to determine the nutrient release rates of three controlled-release blends of 8- to 9-month release and growth response of ‘Double Play Pink’ japanese spirea (Spiraea japonica) and ‘Smaragd’ arbovitae (Thuja occidentalis). Fertilizer 1 (16N–3.5P–8.3K–1.8Mg + trace elements) and Fertilizer 2 (18N–3.1P–8.3K–1.8Mg + trace elements) were prototype blends with different experimental polymer coatings. Fertilizer 3 was a blend of 18N–2.2P–6.6K–1.1Ca–1.4Mg–5.8S + trace elements, which combined 100% resin-coated prills with a polymer coating. Fertilizer 4 was commercially available 15N–3.9P–10K–1.3Mg–6S + trace elements. Fertilizer 3 released its nutrients earlier in the 12-week study than the other three fertilizers and resulted in lower shoot dry weight in both species. The new polymer coating technologies show promise for delivering a predicted release rate and are appropriate for container production of these woody shrubs in Kentucky. An interesting side note of this experiment was that leachate pH measurements across treatments averaged 1.2 units lower for arbovitae (6.3) than for japanese spirea (7.5) at week 12. It was assumed that chemical and/or biological reactions at the root/substrate interface in arbovitae moderated pH increases over the study.

scholarly journals Effect of the placement of fertilizer on the development of spring wheat

1967 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 148-155
Author(s):  
Erkki Aura
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Wheat Roots ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Uptake Of Nutrients ◽  
Experimental Soil ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Better Than

The placement of fertilizer was studied in the field trial on a clay soil in Southern Finland. The placement of fertilizer in the depth of 8 cm gave 28 per cent greater grain yield of spring wheat, and the placement in the depth of 12 cm 26 per cent greater grain yield than the surface dressing. The growth of shoots on the soil receiving placement was much better than on the soil receiving surface dressing. The results of shoot analyses showed that the placement caused a much greater uptake of nutrients than the surface dressing. The uptake of nitrogen was relatively most increased by the placement, somewhat less that of potassium and least that of phosphorus. The ripening of wheat was speeded up by the placement, which probably was due to the better early uptake of nitrogen and to the better uptake of phosphorus by means of the placing. The superiority of the placement to the surface dressing could be explained by the distribution of nutrients in the experimental soil during the dry early part of the growth season. A great deal of fertilizer nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium remained near the surface of the soil receiving surface dressing, and plants were not able to take up nutrients from the dry surface layer. On the contrary, the placed nutrients were deeper, in moister soil and better within the reach of wheat roots. Any movement of ammonium nitrogen was not found by the used methods. Nitrate nitrogen appeared to move to a greater extent particularly in the irrigated plots.

scholarly journals Nutrient Release from Controlled-release Fertilizers in Acid Substrate in a Greenhouse Environment: I. Leachate Electrical Conductivity, pH, and Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Concentrations

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 780-787 ◽  
Author(s):  
Donald J. Merhaut ◽  
Eugene K. Blythe ◽  
Julie P. Newman ◽  
Joseph P. Albano
Keyword(s):  
Electrical Conductivity ◽  
Controlled Release ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Low Fertility ◽  
Plant Production ◽  
Production Cycle ◽  
Permissible Levels ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Acid Substrate ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizers

Release characteristics of four types of controlled-release fertilizers (Osmocote, Nutricote, Polyon, and Multicote) were studied during a 47-week simulated plant production cycle. The 2.4-L containers containing a low-fertility, acid-based substrate were placed in an unheated greenhouse and subjected to environmental conditions often used for production of azaleas and camellias. Leachate from containers was collected weekly and monitored for pH, electrical conductivity, and concentrations of NH4+ N, NO3–N, total P and total K. Leachate concentrations of all nutrients were relatively high during the first 10 to 20 weeks of the study, and then gradually decreased during the remaining portion of the experiment. Differences were observed among fertilizer types, with Multicote often resulting in higher concentrations of N, P, and K in leachates compared to the leachates from the other fertilizer types during the first half of the study. Concentrations of NO3– and P from all fertilizer types were often above permissible levels as cited in the federal Clean Water Act.

Determination of Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium Release Rates of Slow- and Controlled-Release Fertilizers: Single-Laboratory Validation, First Action 2015.15

2016 ◽  
Vol 99 (2) ◽  
pp. 353-359 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nancy Thiex
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Nutrient Release ◽  
Official Method ◽  
Release Rates ◽  
Expert Review ◽  
Expert Review Panel ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Single Laboratory ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizers

Abstract A previously validated method for the determination of nitrogen release patterns of slow- and controlled-release fertilizers (SRFs and CRFs, respectively) was submitted to the Expert Review Panel (ERP) for Fertilizers for consideration of First Action Official MethodSM status. The ERP evaluated the single-laboratory validation results and recommended the method for First Action Official Method status and provided recommendations for achieving Final Action. The 180 day soil incubation-column leaching technique was demonstrated to be a robust and reliable method for characterizing N release patterns from SRFs and CRFs. The method was reproducible, and the results were only slightly affected by variations in environmental factors such as microbial activity, soil moisture, temperature, and texture. The release of P and K were also studied, but at fewer replications than for N. Optimization experiments on the accelerated 74 h extraction method indicated that temperature was the only factor found to substantially influence nutrient-release rates from the materials studied, and an optimized extraction profile was established as follows: 2 h at 25°C, 2 h at 50°C, 20 h at 55°C, and 50 h at 60°C.

scholarly journals Elaboration and Characterization of Vitreous Fertilizers and Study of Their Impact on the Growth, Photosynthesis, and Yield of Wheat (Triticum durum L.)

Materials ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 1295
Author(s):  
Tariq Labbilta ◽  
Mohamed Ait-El-Mokhtar ◽  
Younes Abouliatim ◽  
Mehdi Khouloud ◽  
Abdelilah Meddich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Controlled Release ◽  
Triticum Durum ◽  
Positive Impact ◽  
Glass Structure ◽  
Phosphate Glasses ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Potential Alternative ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus ◽  
Controlled Release Fertilizers

Four different phosphate glass formulations (F0, F1, F2, and F3) were developed according o wheat nutrient requirements to be used as controlled-release fertilizers. These glasses contain macro-elements (P2O5-K2O-CaO-MgO), with the addition of microelements (Fe-Mn-Zn-B-Cu-Mo) in each formulation. The effects of these elements’ addition on thermal properties, glass structure, and dissolution behaviors were investigated. Results showed that these glasses are composed essentially of metaphosphate chains and that the addition of micronutrients could change the chemical durability of phosphate glasses. A greenhouse experiment was performed using wheat (Triticum durum L.) to evaluate the efficiency of the four glasses, with or without application of chemical nitrogen (N) (N + VF and VF, respectively). The different formulas were tested using two rates of 0.3 and 1 g per plant. In addition to the vitreous fertilizer formulations, two other treatments were applied: control treatment with no amendment and Nitrogen-Phosphorus-Potassium treatment with the application of the conventional fertilizers on the base of optimal rates. After four months of cultivation, vitreous fertilizers application significantly improved growth (7% to 88%), photosynthetic (8% to 49%) parameters, and yield (29% to 33%) compared to NPK treatment and to the control. It has been found that formulas F1, F2, and F3 may constitute a potential alternative to conventional fertilization due to their positive impact on wheat production and can be used in practice as an environmentally controlled-release fertilizer.

scholarly journals Spatial Distribution and Temporal Variability of Ammonium-Nitrogen, Phosphorus, and Potassium in a Rice Field in Corrientes, Argentina

2014 ◽  
Vol 2014 ◽  
pp. 1-12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Luis Alberto Morales ◽  
Eva Vidal Vázquez ◽  
Jorge Paz-Ferreiro
Keyword(s):  
Spatial Distribution ◽  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Rice Field ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Field Work ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Effective Management ◽  
Rice Growth ◽  
Phosphorus And Potassium ◽  
Nitrogen Phosphorus

Proper and effective management of soil nutrients requires assessment of their variability at the field scale. We compare the effects of lime amendment rate on the spatial variability of three macronutrient forms (NH4+-N, Olsen P, and Mehlich-1 K) in a paddy soil at three different dates during the growth period of a rice crop. The field work was carried out near Corrientes, Argentina. Lime treatments were 0, 625, and 1250 kg ha−1dolomite, and each liming dose was applied to a 1.7 ha field. Ninety-three soil samples per treatment were first collected in aerobic conditions and then two more times after flooding, at bunch formation and flowering. SoilNH4+-N increased along time, whereas P was highest at bunch formation and K steadily decreased along the rice growth period. Dolomite addition increased macronutrient availability at the first and second samplings, but its effects at the third sampling depended on the element. The three soil nutrients analyzed displayed strong patterns of spatial dependence for the three lime treatments and at the three periods studied. The areas with relative high or low macronutrient concentrations within each field were not stable throughout the rice growth period. Seasonality in the spatial distribution of macronutrients may be of agronomic value for site specific management.

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