scholarly journals Effect of Host Resistance and Fungicide Application on Clubroot Pathotype 6 in Green Cabbage and Napa Cabbage

2012 ◽  
Vol 22 (3) ◽  
pp. 311-319 ◽  
Author(s):  
Catarina Saude ◽  
Alan McKeown ◽  
Bruce D. Gossen ◽  
Mary Ruth McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Organic Soils ◽  
Southern Ontario ◽  
Clubroot Resistance ◽  
Mineral Soils ◽  
Standard Cultivar

Field trials were conducted to evaluate resistance to clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae, pathotype 6) in green cabbage (Brassica oleracea var. capitata) and napa cabbage (Brassica rapa ssp. pekinensis) at sites in southern Ontario in 2009 and 2010. The reaction of green cabbage cultivars Kilaton, Tekila, Kilaxy, and Kilaherb and the commercial standard cultivars, Bronco or Atlantis, were evaluated on organic (two site-years) and mineral soils (two site-years) that were naturally infested with the clubroot pathogen. In addition, fluazinam fungicide was drench applied to one treatment of the commercial standard cultivar immediately after transplanting. The napa cabbage cultivars Yuki, Deneko, Bilko, and Mirako (in 2009) and Emiko, Mirako, Yuki, and China Gold (in 2010) were evaluated only on organic soils (two site-years). At harvest, the roots of each plant were assessed for clubroot incidence and severity. Also, plant and head characteristics of the resistant green cabbage cultivars were evaluated at one site in 2010. The green cabbage cultivars Kilaton, Tekila, Kilaxy, and Kilaherb were resistant to pathotype 6 (0% to 3.8% incidence), but ‘Bronco’ was susceptible (64% to 100% incidence). Application of fluazinam reduced clubroot severity on ‘Bronco’ by 6% at one of three sites. Resistance was more effective in reducing clubroot than application of fluazinam. Plant and head characteristics of the resistant cultivars were similar to those of ‘Bronco’ treated with fluazinam. Napa cabbage cultivars Yuki, Deneko, Bilko, Emiko, and China Gold were resistant to clubroot (0% to 13% incidence), and ‘Mirako’ was highly susceptible (87% to 92% incidence). We conclude that the clubroot resistance available in several cultivars of green and napa cabbage was effective against P. brassicae pathotype 6.

Effect of boron on clubroot of canola in organic and mineral soils and on residual toxicity to rotational crops

2014 ◽  
Vol 94 (1) ◽  
pp. 109-118 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Deora ◽  
B. D. Gossen ◽  
S. F. Hwang ◽  
D. Pageau ◽  
R. J. Howard ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Mineral Soil ◽  
Organic Soil ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Broadcast Application ◽  
Residual Toxicity ◽  
Negative Effect ◽  
Soil Site ◽  
Mineral Soils

Deora, A., Gossen, B. D., Hwang, S. F., Pageau, D., Howard, R. J., Walley, F. and McDonald, M. R. 2014. Effect of boron on clubroot of canola in organic and mineral soils and on residual toxicity to rotational crops. Can. J. Pant Sci. 94: 109–118. Application of boron (B) has been reported to reduce clubroot severity in various Brassica spp., but residual B can have phytotoxic effects on other crops in the rotation. The objective of this study was to test the efficacy of broadcast application of B for clubroot suppression in canola (B. napus) and the effect of residual B on wheat, barley, field pea and canola. Field trials to assess clubroot suppression by B at various rates (1 to 64 kg B ha−1) were conducted in organic (Ontario) and mineral soils (Alberta, Quebec) heavily infested with Plasmodiophora brassicae in 2011 and 2012. Phytotoxicity was not observed in canola until applications rates exceeded 48 kg B ha−1. Boron did not reduce clubroot incidence at any site, irrespective of rate, and only reduced severity at the organic soil site at 6 wk after seeding. There was a small increase in shoot weight and yield of canola with increasing B application rates at the organic soil site. The potential phytotoxicity of residual B (4 to 16 kg B ha−1) was assessed in mineral soils in Ontario and Saskatchewan in 2012. Toxicity symptoms were noted initially in most of the crops, but seedlings recovered quickly and there was no significant reduction in fresh weight at harvest or seed yield of most of the cultivars. The present study indicates that pre-plant broadcast application of B delays clubroot development and increases vegetative growth and yield compared with non-treated plants in organic soil. Also, even high residual rates (16 kg ha−1) of application are unlikely to have a negative effect on crops in rotation in mineral soil. However, the effect of B application on canola yield found in this study was not sufficient to justify application for commercial canola production, even where clubroot is prevalent.

ACADIE: A CLUBROOT RESISTANT CABBAGE CULTIVAR

1985 ◽  
Vol 65 (1) ◽  
pp. 233-235 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. CHIANG ◽  
R. CRÊTE
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
The Other ◽  
Head Size ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Clubroot Resistance ◽  
Cultivar Description

The Acadie cabbage is resistant to races 1 and 6 (Williams 1966) or ECD16/31/30, 16/02/30 (Buczacki et al. 1975) of the clubroot pathogen, Plasmodiophora brassicae Wor. Attractiveness in color, firmness and uniformity of head size are the other main features of this cultivar. The Acadie cabbage cultivar was developed at the Agriculture Canada Research Station, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Québec.Key words: Brassica oleracea ssp. capitata, cabbage cultivar, cultivar description, clubroot resistance, crucifers

scholarly journals Identification of Candidate Genes for Clubroot-Resistance in Brassica oleracea Using Quantitative Trait Loci-Sequencing

2021 ◽  
Vol 12 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuquan Ce ◽  
Jiaqin Mei ◽  
Haiyan He ◽  
Yu Zhao ◽  
Wenhui Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quantitative Trait Loci ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Quantitative Trait ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Clubroot Resistance ◽  
Group I ◽  
Trait Loci ◽  
Group Ii

Clubroot caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae is a devastating disease of cabbage (Brassica oleracea). To identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for clubroot resistance (CR) in B. oleracea, genomic resequencing was carried out in two sets of extreme pools, group I and group II, which were constructed separately from 110 and 74 F2 cloned lines derived from the cross between clubroot-resistant (R) cabbage “GZ87” (against race 4) and susceptible (S) cabbage “263.” Based on the QTL-sequencing (QTL-Seq) analysis of group I and group II, three QTLs (i.e., qCRc7-2, qCRc7-3, and qCRc7-4) were determined on the C07 chromosome. RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR were conducted in the extreme pools of group II before and after inoculation, and two potential candidate genes (i.e., Bol037115 and Bol042270), which exhibiting upregulation after inoculation in the R pool but downregulation in the S pool, were identified from the three QTLs on C07. A functional marker “SWU-OA” was developed from qCRc7-4 on C07, exhibiting ∼95% accuracy in identifying CR in 56 F2 lines. Our study will provide valuable information on resistance genes against P. brassicae and may accelerate the breeding process of B. oleracea with CR.

scholarly journals Identification of Candidate Genes for Clubroot-Resistance in Brassica oleracea using QTL-Seq

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fuquan Ce ◽  
Jiaqin Mei ◽  
Haiyan He ◽  
Yu Zhao ◽  
Wenhui Hu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Potential Candidate ◽  
Clubroot Resistance ◽  
Group I ◽  
Before And After ◽  
Group Ii ◽  
The One ◽  
Race 4

Abstract Clubroot caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae is a devastating disease of cabbage (Brassica oleracea). To identify quantitative trait loci (QTLs) for clubroot resistance (CR) in B. oleracea, genomic resequencing was carried out in two sets of extreme pools that constructed from 184 F2 cloned-lines derived from cross between clubroot-resistant cabbage ‘GZ87’ (against race 4) and susceptible cabbage ‘263’. QTL-seq analyses identified one CR QTL from group I on chromosome C07 and four QTLs from group II on C04 and C07, among which three QTLs of C07 that found from group II were located within the one detected from group I. RNA-Seq and qRT-PCR were conducted in the extreme pools of group II before and after inoculation identified two potential candidate genes (Bol037115 and Bol042270) from the three QTLs interval on C07, which exhibiting up-regulation after inoculation in the resistant pool but down-regulation in the susceptible pool. A functional marker ‘SWU-OA’ was developed from one QTL on C07, exhibiting ~95% accuracy in identifying CR in 56 F2 lines. Our study will provide valuable information on digging resistance genes against P. brassicae and may accelerate breeding process of B. oleracea with CR.Key Message QTLs and potential candidate genes for clubroot resistance were identified in Brassica oleracea

Clubroot resistance in canola and brassica vegetable cultivars in Ontario, Canada

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sarah C. Drury ◽  
Bruce D. Gossen ◽  
Mary Ruth McDonald
Keyword(s):  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Vegetable Crops ◽  
Clubroot Resistance ◽  
Resistant Cultivars ◽  
Brassica Vegetables ◽  
Susceptible Control ◽  
Shoot Weight ◽  
Obligate Pathogen ◽  
Brassica Vegetable

Clubroot, caused by the obligate pathogen <i>Plasmodiophora brassicae</i> Woronin, has been present on brassica vegetables in Ontario for decades, but was only recently identified on canola (<i>Brassica napus</i> L.). Once <i>P. brassicae</i> is present in a field, eradication is difficult, but resistant cultivars can provide effective management. Pathotype 6 has been the predominant pathotype on vegetable crops for decades, but pathotype 2 is predominant in canola fields in Ontario. Field trials were used to assess the reaction of selected canola and vegetable Brassica cultivars to pathotype 2, and controlled environment studies were conducted to evaluate the reaction of canola the same cultivars to pathotypes 2 and 6. Four canola cultivars with putative clubroot resistance were compared to two cultivars that were expected to be susceptible and three susceptible control cultivars. Several brassica vegetables were assessed: cabbage, cauliflower, broccoli, napa cabbage, rutabaga, and Shanghai pak choi (a susceptible control). The canola cultivars marketed as resistant were highly resistant in both the field and growth room trials. The canola cultivars not marketed as resistant were susceptible to pathotype 2, as expected. All of the canola cultivars were resistant to pathotype 6. The vegetable cultivars marketed as resistant or tolerant were resistant to pathotype 6 and most were resistant to pathotype 2. A putative resistant cultivar of cabbage and one of broccoli were resistant to pathotype 6 but susceptible to pathotype 2. Clubroot consistently reduced fresh shoot weight in susceptible cultivars of canola and brassica vegetables relative to resistant cultivars.

scholarly journals Reaction of clubroot-resistant genotypes of Brassica rapa, Brassica napus and Brassica oleracea to Polish Plasmodiophora brassicae pathotypes in laboratory tests

2020 ◽  
Vol 158 (2) ◽  
pp. 533-544
Author(s):  
Agnieszka Czajka ◽  
Monika Markiewicz ◽  
Beata Kowalska ◽  
Urszula Smolińska
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Napus ◽  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Root Hairs ◽  
Breeding Programmes ◽  
Macroscopic Observation ◽  
Resistant Genotypes

Abstract The Brassica genotypes selected for the experiments were previously found to be resistant to various Plasmodiophora brassicae pathotypes (Pb). Their interaction with pathotypes Pb2, Pb3 and Pb9 isolated in Poland was studied, using macroscopic observation for the presence of root galls, microscopic observations of P. brassicae plasmodia in the root hairs and quantitative PCR for determination of the pathogen’s quantity in plant roots and growing media. Of the Brassica genotypes studied, only B. rapa var. capitata line AABBcc was fully resistant to all the Polish pathotypes of P. brassicae. Some of the other “clubroot-resistant” genotypes tested were resistant to selected pathotypes, e.g. Brassica napus var. rapifera ‘Wilhelmsburger’ to Pb 2 and Pb3, Brassica oleracea var. capitata ‘Kilaton F1’ to Pb2 and Brassica rapa subsp. pekinensis ‘Bilko F1’ to Pb3, but were susceptible to others. B. oleracea var. capitata ‘Bindsachsener’, B. oleracea var. acephala subvar. lacinata ‘Verheul’ and B. napus var. napus ‘Mendel F1’ were moderately to highly susceptible to all Polish P. brassicae pathotypes. These results show that the classification of virulence of P. brassicae pathotypes selected in various areas differs significantly toward the same Brasssica genotypes and puts in question the practical value of pathotype classification determined with differential sets for farmers and plant breeders. Our results showed that B. rapa var. capitata AABBcc line, B. napus var. rapifera ‘Wilhelmsburger’, B. oleracea var. capitata ‘Kilaton F1’, B. rapa subsp. pekinensis ‘Bilko F1’ could be considered in Brassica breeding programmes as a source of resistance to Polish P. brassicae isolates.

scholarly journals Two Clubroot-Resistance Genes, Rcr3 and Rcr9wa, Mapped in Brassica rapa Using Bulk Segregant RNA Sequencing

2020 ◽  
Vol 21 (14) ◽  
pp. 5033
Author(s):  
Md. Masud Karim ◽  
Abdulsalam Dakouri ◽  
Yan Zhang ◽  
Qilin Chen ◽  
Gary Peng ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Gene ◽  
Rna Sequencing ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Doubled Haploid Line ◽  
Resistance Mechanisms ◽  
Snp Markers ◽  
Nucleotide Polymorphisms ◽  
Clubroot Resistance

Genetic resistance is widely used to manage clubroot (Plasmodiophora brassicae) in brassica crops, but new pathotypes have recently been identified on canola (Brassica napus) on the Canadian prairies. Resistance effective against both the most prevalent pathotype (3H, based on the Canadian Clubroot Differential system) and the new pathotypes is needed. BC1 plants of Brassica rapa from a cross of line 96-6990-2 (clubroot resistance originating from turnip cultivar ‘Waaslander’) and a susceptible doubled-haploid line, ACDC, exhibited a 1:1 segregation for resistance against pathotypes 3H and 5X. A resistance gene designated as Rcr3 was mapped initially based on the percentage of polymorphic variants using bulked segregant RNA sequencing (BSR-Seq) and further mapped using Kompetitive Allele Specific PCR. DNA variants were identified by assembling short reads against a reference genome of B. rapa. Rcr3 was mapped into chromosome A08. It was flanked by single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNP) markers (A90_A08_SNP_M12 and M16) between 10.00 and 10.23 Mb, in an interval of 231.6 Kb. There were 32 genes in the Rcr3 interval. Three genes (Bra020951, Bra020974, and Bra020979) were annotated with disease resistance mechanisms, which are potential candidates for Rcr3. Another resistance gene, designated as Rcr9wa, for resistance to pathotype 5X was mapped, with the flanking markers (A90_A08_SNP_M28 and M79) between 10.85 and 11.17 Mb using the SNP sites identified through BSR-Seq for Rcr3. There were 44 genes in the Rcr9wa interval, three of which (Bra020827, Bra020828, Bra020814) were annotated as immune-system-process related genes, which are potential candidates for Rcr9wa.

scholarly journals Effect of Soil Application of AG3 Phosphonate on the Severity of Clubroot of Bok Choy and Cabbage Caused by Plasmodiophora brassicae

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (12) ◽  
pp. 1517-1522 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. A. Abbasi ◽  
G. Lazarovits
Keyword(s):  
Disease Severity ◽  
Brassica Rapa ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Field Trials ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Infested Soil ◽  
Fresh Weight ◽  
Soil Application ◽  
Muck Soil

Field trials were carried out to test the effect of phosphonate fungicide (AG3) on the severity of clubroot of bok choy (Brassica rapa var. chinensis) and cabbage (B. rapa var. perkinensis and B. oleracea var. capitata) in commercial Ontario muck fields with a clubroot history. Disease severity also was examined in the same infested soil under greenhouse and microplot conditions. In microplot trials with bok choy, AG3 phosphonate concentrations of 0.07 and 0.14% a.i. applied before or after planting consistently reduced clubroot severity (1-to-4 rating) by 0.8 to 1.6 when planted in May or June. However, only the 0.14% a.i. preplanting treatment was effective in trials in July and August. Postplanting drenches of 0.14% a.i. were consistently effective throughout the season. Fresh weight of bok choy was increased or not affected by phosphonate treatments. Under field conditions, one (0.07, 0.14, and 0.21% a.i.) or two (0.07% a.i.) postplant-ing drench applications of phosphonate significantly reduced the incidence of clubroot by 52 to 87% and severity by 1.7 to 2.5 on bok choy in 2004 but not in 2005. In the 2004 trial, two applications of 0.07% a.i. AG3 phosphonate reduced the severity of clubroot comparably to single applications at 0.14 and 0.21% a.i. rates. Fresh weight of bok choy was increased by 34 to 86% with all phosphonate drench treatments in both years. With cabbage, AG3 postplanting drench treatments consistently reduced the severity of clubroot (1-to-5 rating) by a range of 0.7 to 3.3 under greenhouse, microplot, and field conditions. In the greenhouse, a single drench application of 0.07 and 0.14% a.i. AG3 phosphonate 1 day after transplanting cabbage seedlings to the infested muck soil reduced clubroot severity by 2.6 to 3.3 and increased fresh weight of cabbage tops by 66 to 69%. Similar results were seen with cabbage trials under both microplot and field conditions at all AG3 postplanting drench concentrations.

RICHELAIN: A CLUBROOT-RESISTANT CABBAGE CULTIVAR

1989 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
pp. 337-340 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. S. CHIANG ◽  
R. CRETE
Keyword(s):  
Brassica Oleracea ◽  
Plasmodiophora Brassicae ◽  
Research Station ◽  
Fresh Market ◽  
Clubroot Resistance ◽  
Cultivar Description ◽  
Dark Blue

The Richelain cabbage is a newly released cultivar for the fresh market. It is resistant to races 2, 6 and 7 (Williams 1966) or ECD 16/02/31 and 16/02/30 (Buczacki et al. 1975) of the clubroot pathogen, Plasmodiophora brassicae Wor. Slightly ovate heads with dark blue green crinkly leaves and near white internal color are some other features of this cultivar. The Richelain cabbage cultivar was developed at the Agriculture Canada Research Station, Saint-Jean-sur-Richelieu, Quebec.Key words: Brassica oleracea ssp. capitata, clubroot resistance, crucifers, cabbage cultivar, cultivar description

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