scholarly journals Food Safety Modernization Act Produce Safety Rule Compliance for United States Hard Cider Producers Using Ground-harvested Apples

2018 ◽  
Vol 28 (6) ◽  
pp. 698-705
Author(s):  
Brianna L. Ewing ◽  
Barbara A. Rasco
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Human Consumption ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Produce Safety ◽  
Rule Compliance ◽  
The Status ◽  
Safety Rule ◽  
Processing Steps

Apples (Malus domestica) are considered covered, or “nonexcluded,” produce under the Food Safety Modernization Act Produce Safety Rule. The rule states that fruit that has unintentionally come in contact with the ground may not be used for human consumption unless there have been sufficient processing steps to reduce the risk of human pathogens in the final food product. Cider apples destined for hard cider production in many regions have traditionally been harvested at full ripeness when the fruit naturally drops or is easily shaken off the tree. This work reviews the status of cider apples under the Produce Safety Rule, presents the human pathogens of concern with usage of ground-harvested fruit, and describes recommendations, including processing steps, for cider apple growers and cider producers so they can ensure that their product is safe and that they are complying with the rule.

scholarly journals Focus on Food Safety: Human Pathogens on Plants

2013 ◽  
Vol 103 (4) ◽  
pp. 304-305 ◽  
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Management Practices ◽  
Abiotic Factors ◽  
Food Product ◽  
Enteric Pathogens ◽  
Human Pathogens ◽  
Produce Safety ◽  
Indigenous Plant ◽  
Human Illness

This Focus Issue addresses the topic of food safety and the biology of human pathogens on plants, a relatively new problem with a direct impact on public health. This critical aspect of produce safety is relevant to research in plant microbial ecology and intersects with numerous concepts that are explored in plant pathology. The emergence of outbreaks of human illness linked to the contamination of produce is likely one of the most important problems to face horticultural production at the beginning of this century. Epidemics of foodborne disease are not only a threat to public health but also erode consumer confidence in the causal food product and thus, impact the economic viability of the industry. Although researched extensively for nearly two decades, produce contamination with human pathogens continues to bring many important questions about the behavior of these pathogens on plants and the biotic and abiotic factors that contribute to their persistence in this habitat, thereby causing human illness. This Focus Issue includes articles that address the identification of routes of plant contamination by enteric pathogens, interactions between human pathogens and indigenous plant microbes, identification of genes in Salmonella enterica that participate in its colonization of plants, the ingress of enteric pathogens into plant tissue and possible differences in stomatal immunity to the human pathogens S. enterica and E. coli O157:H7, effects of soil management practices on pathogen internalization events, and virus contamination of produce. We hope that readers will find this collection of articles a valuable source of information and inspiration to formulate new hypotheses in plant microbiology. Click on Next Article or Table of Contents above to view the articles in this Focus Issue. (From the mobile site, go to the Phytopathology April 2013 issue.)

Food Safety on the Farm: Good Agricultural Practices and Good Handling Practices – Packing Operation Sanitation

EDIS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jesscia A. Lepper ◽  
Aswathy Sreedharan ◽  
Renée Goodrich Schneider ◽  
Keith R. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Good Agricultural Practices ◽  
Produce Safety ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Safety Rule ◽  
Handling Practices ◽  
Voluntary Program ◽  
Federal Guidelines

Good agricultural practices (GAPs) and good handling practices (GHPs) encompass the general procedures that growers, packers and processors of fresh fruits and vegetables should follow to ensure the safety of their product. GAPs usually deal with preharvest practices (i.e., in the field), while GHPs cover postharvest practices, including packing, storage and shipping. This factsheet covers GAPs relating to packing operation sanitation. There are seven other Florida Cooperative Extension factsheets in the ‘Food Safety on the Farm’ series that focus on specific aspects of the GAPs program and how they relate to Florida crops and practices. Under the new Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA), GAPs are a foundation of the Produce Safety Rule (PSR). Other than for round tomatoes in Florida (T-GAPs regulation), GAPs have mainly been a voluntary program. Additionally the PSR mandates all non-exempt operations to follow these new FSMA federal guidelines (6), but all exempt commodities and for those producers exporting to foreign countries, GAPs may still be required. Both the mandatory PSR and GAPs aim to reduce the foodborne illness burden associated with produce.

scholarly journals Review of water quality criteria for water reuse and risk-based implications for irrigated produce under the FDA Food Safety Modernization Act, produce safety rule

2019 ◽  
Vol 172 ◽  
pp. 616-629 ◽  
Author(s):  
Channah M. Rock ◽  
Natalie Brassill ◽  
Jessica L. Dery ◽  
Dametreea Carr ◽  
Jean E. McLain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Water Quality ◽  
Food Safety ◽  
Water Reuse ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Water Quality Criteria ◽  
Produce Safety ◽  
Safety Rule

scholarly journals Food Safety on the Farm: Produce Safety Rule and Good Agricultural Practices – Field Sanitation

EDIS ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 (2) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica A. Lepper ◽  
Jaysankar De ◽  
Christopher Pabst ◽  
Aswathy Sreedharan ◽  
Renée M. Goodrich Schneider ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Good Agricultural Practices ◽  
Produce Safety ◽  
Safety Rule ◽  
Farm Produce ◽  
Handling Practices ◽  
And Control

Good Agricultural Practices (GAPs) and Good Handling Practices (GHPs) encompass the general procedures that growers, packers, and processors of fresh fruits and vegetables should follow to ensure the safety of their product. GAPs usually deal with preharvest practices (i.e., in the field), while GHPs cover postharvest practices, including packing and shipping. This 5-page fact sheet covers harvest practices associated with sanitation in the field, including basic principles for microbial food safety and control of potential hazards. This major revision is a part of the Food Safety on the Farm series and was written by Jessica Lepper, Jaysankar De, Christopher Pabst, Renée Goodrich-Schneider, and Keith Schneider and published by the UF/IFAS Food Science and Human Nutrition Department. http://edis.ifas.ufl.edu/fs160

Microbial Quality of Agricultural Water Used in Produce Preharvest Production on the Eastern Shore of Virginia

2018 ◽  
Vol 81 (10) ◽  
pp. 1661-1672 ◽  
Author(s):  
LAURA N. TRUITT ◽  
KATHLEEN M. VAZQUEZ ◽  
RACHEL C. PFUNTNER ◽  
STEVEN L. RIDEOUT ◽  
ARIE H. HAVELAAR ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Water Samples ◽  
Aerobic Bacteria ◽  
Microbial Quality ◽  
Agricultural Water ◽  
Eastern Shore ◽  
Probable Number ◽  
Produce Safety ◽  
Safety Rule

ABSTRACT Several produce-borne outbreaks have been associated with the use of contaminated water during preharvest applications. Salmonella has been implicated in a number of these outbreaks. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the microbial quality of agricultural surface water used in preharvest production on the Eastern Shore of Virginia in accordance with the Food Safety Modernization Act's Produce Safety Rule water standards. The study also examined the prevalence, concentration, and diversity of Salmonella in those water sources. Water samples (1 L) from 20 agricultural ponds were collected during the 2015 and 2016 growing seasons (n = 400). Total aerobic bacteria, total coliforms, and Escherichia coli were enumerated for each sample. Population levels of each microorganism were calculated per 100-mL sample and log transformed, when necessary. Samples (250 mL) were also enriched for Salmonella. Presumptive Salmonella isolates were confirmed by PCR (invA gene) and were serotyped. In 2016, the concentration of Salmonella in each sample was also estimated by most probable number (MPN). Indicator bacteria and environmental and meteorological factors were analyzed for their association with the detection of a Salmonella-positive water sample by using logistic regression analysis. Seventeen of the 20 ponds met the Food Safety Modernization Act's Produce Safety Rule standards for production agricultural water. Three ponds did not meet the standards because the statistical threshold value exceeded the limit. Salmonella was detected in 19% of water samples in each year (38 of 200 in 2015 and 38 of 200 in 2016). Of the 118 Salmonella isolates serotyped, 14 serotypes were identified with the most prevalent being Salmonella Newport. E. coli concentration, farm, and total aerobic bacteria concentration were significantly associated with the likelihood of detecting a Salmonella-positive sample The average concentration of Salmonella in all samples was 4.44 MPN/100 mL, with the limit of detection being 3.00 MPN/100 mL. The highest concentration of Salmonella was 93.0 MPN/100 mL. These data will assist in a better understanding of the risks that production water poses to produce contamination events.

Food Safety on the Farm: Good Agricultural Practices and Good Handling Practices – Field Sanitation

EDIS ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 2017 (6) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jessica A. Lepper ◽  
Jaysankar De ◽  
Aswathy Sreedharan ◽  
Renée Goodrich Schneider ◽  
Keith R. Schneider
Keyword(s):  
Food Safety ◽  
Fruits And Vegetables ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Good Agricultural Practices ◽  
Produce Safety ◽  
Foreign Countries ◽  
Safety Rule ◽  
Handling Practices ◽  
Voluntary Program ◽  
Federal Guidelines

Good agricultural practices (GAPs) and good handling practices (GHPs) encompass the general procedures that growers, packers and processors of fresh fruits and vegetables should follow to ensure the safety of their product. GAPs usually deal with preharvest practices (i.e., in the field), while GHPs cover postharvest practices, including packing and shipping. This factsheet covers harvest practices associated with sanitation in the field. There are seven other Florida Cooperative Extension factsheets in the ‘Food Safety on the Farm’ series focusing on specific aspects of the GAPs program and how they relate to Florida crops and practices. Under the new Food Safety Modernization Act (FSMA), GAPs are foundation of the Produce Safety Rule (PSR). Other than for round tomatoes in Florida (T-GAPs regulation), GAPs have mainly been a voluntary program. Additionally the PSR mandates all non-exempt operations to follow these new FSMA federal guidelines (9), but all exempt commodities and for those producers exporting to foreign countries, GAPs may still be required. Both the mandatory PSR and GAPs aim to reduce the foodborne illness burden associated with produce.

Multicultural Assessment of Personality and Psychopathology in the United States: Still Art, Not Yet Science, and Controversial

1998 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
pp. 62-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard H. Dana
Keyword(s):  
United States ◽  
Racial Identity ◽  
The United States ◽  
Therapeutic Assessment ◽  
Culturally Competent ◽  
Research Attention ◽  
The Status ◽  
Training Research ◽  
Multicultural Assessment ◽  
Personality Description

This paper describes the status of multicultural assessment training, research, and practice in the United States. Racism, politicization of issues, and demands for equity in assessment of psychopathology and personality description have created a climate of controversy. Some sources of bias provide an introduction to major assessment issues including service delivery, moderator variables, modifications of standard tests, development of culture-specific tests, personality theory and cultural/racial identity description, cultural formulations for psychiatric diagnosis, and use of findings, particularly in therapeutic assessment. An assessment-intervention model summarizes this paper and suggests dimensions that compel practitioners to ask questions meriting research attention and providing avenues for developments of culturally competent practice.

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