scholarly journals Additional Nitrogen Application Reduced White Drupelet Disorder in ‘Sweetie Pie’ Blackberry

2021 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Eric T. Stafne ◽  
Jenny B. Ryals ◽  
Barbara J. Smith
Keyword(s):  
Plant Stress ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Environment Interaction ◽  
Cumulative Number ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
N Application ◽  
Rainfall Events ◽  
Multiple Factors ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Chlorophyll Index

White drupelet disorder (WDD) in blackberry (Rubus subgenus Rubus) is an abiotic condition resulting from a cultivar and environment interaction. Although high temperatures and light intensities have been implicated, little is known why this disorder manifests. Other factors, such as overall plant stress, may be contributing influences. In this study, three treatments were applied to examine whether the addition of nitrogen (N) can reduce WDD on ‘Sweetie Pie’ erect blackberry over three seasons. An initial 50 lb/acre (56.0 kg⋅ha–1) N was applied to all plots at budbreak. Two additional N application treatments of 100 kg⋅ha–1 were applied at one time (1×) or five, 20-kg⋅ha–1 applications (5×), spaced 1 week apart for 5 weeks starting at bloom. One control treatment of no additional N (0×) was also included. Berries were harvested and weighed as a total, then berries with white drupelets were separated out and weighed. The two values were divided to create a proportion and were then multiplied by 100 to determine the percentage. Nitrogen application decreased the percentage of white drupelet berries from 13.0% (control) to 10.0% (one additional application) and 9.1% (five additional applications). WDD for the 0× treatment correlated negatively to maximum high daytime temperatures during May (r = –0.58, P = 0.03) over the three seasons. Occurrence of white drupelets by treatments 0×, 1×, and 5× correlated significantly with the cumulative number of rainfall events (r = 0.49, 0.47, and 0.46, respectively). Leaf chlorophyll index and photosynthesis measurements were unaffected by treatment. Although it is likely that multiple factors are involved in the development of white drupelets, additional N may reduce the problem.

scholarly journals Criteria for topdressing nitrogen application to common bean using chlorophyll meter

2017 ◽  
Vol 52 (7) ◽  
pp. 512-520 ◽  
Author(s):  
Suelen Cristina Mendonça Maia ◽  
Rogério Peres Soratto ◽  
Suzane Maria Liebe ◽  
Adriana Queiroz de Almeida
Keyword(s):  
Phaseolus Vulgaris ◽  
Common Bean ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
N Application ◽  
Chlorophyll Meter ◽  
The Third ◽  
Chlorophyll Index ◽  
The Moment ◽  
N Rates ◽  
N Requirement

Abstract: The objective of this work was to establish the diagnostic leaf and the nitrogen sufficiency index (NSI) values most appropriate to estimate N requirement by the 'Pérola' common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris), based on chlorophyll meter monitoring. The diagnostic leaf was defined in an experiment with five N rates, and up to four sampling dates of the diagnostic leaves were evaluated (first, second, and third completely expanded leaves from the apex). The NSI was established in two crop seasons, under six N managements: M1, 40 kg ha-1 N at sowing + 80 kg ha-1 10 days after emergence (DAE) + 80 kg ha-1 20 DAE (reference rate); M2, 20 kg ha-1 at sowing + 40 kg ha-1 10 DAE + 40 kg ha-1 20 DAE (recommended rate); M3, 20 kg ha-1 at sowing + 30 kg ha-1 when NSI<96%; M4, 20 kg ha-1 at sowing + 30 kg ha-1 when NSI<93%; M5, 20 kg ha-1 N at sowing + 30 kg ha-1 when NSI<90%; and M6, without N application. The relative chlorophyll index readings on the second fully expanded leaf, at 21 DAE, and on the third leaf, at 28 and 35 DAE, are more precise to estimate the requirement of N by common bean. The NSI of 90% is more effective than the NSI of 93 or 96% for defining the moment for N topdressing application.

scholarly journals Simulating the Response of Drought–Tolerant Maize Varieties to Nitrogen Application in Contrasting Environments in the Nigeria Savannas Using the APSIM Model

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 76
Author(s):  
Aloysius Beah ◽  
Alpha Y. Kamara ◽  
Jibrin M. Jibrin ◽  
Folorunso M. Akinseye ◽  
Abdullahi I. Tofa ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Production Systems ◽  
Agricultural Practices ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
N Application ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Support Tool ◽  
Maize Varieties

This paper assessed the application of the Agricultural Production Systems sIMulator (APSIM)–maize module as a decision support tool for optimizing nitrogen application to determine yield and net return of maize production under current agricultural practices in the Nigeria savannas. The model was calibrated for two maize varieties using data from field experiments conducted under optimum conditions in three locations during the 2017 and 2018 cropping seasons. The model was evaluated using an independent dataset from an experiment conducted under different nitrogen (N) levels in two locations within Southern and Northern Guinea savannas. The results show that model accurately predicted days to 50% anthesis and physiological maturity, leaf area index (LAI), grain yield and total dry matter (TDM) of both varieties with low RMSE and RMSEn (%) values within the range of acceptable statistics indices. Based on 31-year seasonal simulation, optimum mean grain yield of 3941 kg ha−1 for Abuja, and 4549 for Kano was simulated at N rate of 120 kg ha–1 for the early maturing variety 2009EVDT. Meanwhile in Zaria, optimum mean yield of 4173 kg ha–1 was simulated at N rate of 90 kg ha−1. For the intermediate maturing variety, IWDC2SYNF2 mean optimum yields of 5152, 5462, and 4849 kg ha−1, were simulated at N application of 120 kg ha−1 for all the locations. The probability of exceeding attainable mean grain yield of 3000 and 4000 kg ha−1 for 2009EVDT and IWDC2SYNF2, respectively would be expected in 95% of the years with application of 90 kg N ha−1 across the three sites. Following the profitability scenarios analysis, the realistic net incomes of US$ 536 ha–1 for Abuja, and US$ 657 ha−1 for Zaria were estimated at N rate of 90 kg ha−1 and at Kano site, realistic net income of US$ 720 ha–1was estimated at N rate of 120 kg ha−1 for 2009EVDT.For IWDC2SYNF2, realistic net incomes of US$ 870, 974, and 818 ha−1 were estimated at N application of 120 kg ha−1 for Abuja, Zaria, and Kano respectively. The result of this study suggests that 90 kg N ha−1 can be recommended for 2009EVDT and 120 kg N ha–1 for IWDC2SYNF2 in Abuja and Zaria while in Kano, 120 kg N ha−1 should be applied to both varieties to attain optimum yield and profit.

scholarly journals Optimizing Nitrogen Application for Growth and Productivity of Pomegranates

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (3) ◽  
pp. 366
Author(s):  
Silit Lazare ◽  
Yang Lyu ◽  
Uri Yermiyahu ◽  
Yehuda Heler ◽  
Alon Ben-Gal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
N Uptake ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Field Conditions ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
N Application ◽  
Environmentally Responsible ◽  
Irrigation Solution ◽  
Vegetative Indices ◽  
Leaf N ◽  
Usage Efficiency

Quantification of actual plant consumption of nitrogen (N) is necessary to optimize fertilization efficiency and minimize contamination of earth resources. We examined the performance of fruit-bearing pomegranate trees grown in soilless media and exposed to eight N-fertigation treatments, from 5 to 200 mg N L−1. Reproductive and vegetative indices were found to be optimal when 20 to 70 mg N L−1 was supplied. Nitrogen application levels over 70 mg L−1 reduced pomegranate development and reproduction. N uptake in low-level treatments was almost 100% and decreased gradually, down to 13% in 200 mg N L−1 treatment. N usage efficiency was maximized under 20 mg N L−1, in which case 80% to 90% of added N was taken up by the trees. At high N application, its efficiency was reduced with less than 50% utilized by the trees. Leaf N increased to a plateau as a function of increasing irrigation solution N, maximizing at ~15 to 20 mg N g−1. Therefore, analysis of diagnostic leaves is not a valid method to identify excessive detrimental N. The results should be valuable in the development of efficient, sustainable, environmentally responsible protocols for N fertilization in commercial pomegranate orchards, following adaptation and validation to real soil field conditions.

scholarly journals Nitrogen Application and Leaf Harvesting Improves Yield and Nutritional Quality of Beetroot

2017 ◽  
Vol 27 (3) ◽  
pp. 337-343 ◽  
Author(s):  
Salfina S. Mampa ◽  
Martin M. Maboko ◽  
Puffy Soundy ◽  
Dharini Sivakumar
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Root Diameter ◽  
Total Protein Content ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Root Yield ◽  
N Application ◽  
Leaf Yield ◽  
Leaf Harvest

Beetroot (Beta vulgaris), commonly known as table beet, is used as a staple in the diet of many people through the consumption of the entire plant, leaf, and the root. The objective of this study was to assess the effects of nitrogen (N) application and leaf harvest percentage on the yield and quality of roots and leaves of beetroot. The treatment design was a randomized complete block design with five levels of N (0, 60, 90, 120, and 150 kg·ha−1) combined with three leaf harvest percentages (0, 30, and 50) and replicated three times. The first leaf harvest was initiated 35 days after transplanting (DAT) by removing the outer matured leaves and the second harvest occurred 80 DAT by removing all the leaves. The results showed increases in leaf and root yield with an increase in N application. Nitrogen application at 90 and 120 kg·ha−1 increased fresh leaf weight, leaf number, and fresh and dry root weight, including root diameter and length with the exception of leaf area which was significantly higher at 120 kg·ha−1 N. Magnesium and iron leaf content, and N root content were significantly improved by the application of 120 kg·ha−1 N. Leaf harvest percentage did not have a significant effect on leaf yield or leaf and root mineral content. However, dry root weight was significantly reduced by the 50% leaf harvest. Leaf harvest at 30% or 50% increased total protein content of the roots of beetroot, whereas an increase in N application decreased concentration of total proteins. Results demonstrate that leaf and root yield, as well as magnesium, zinc, and iron leaf content, increased with the application of 120 kg·ha−1 N, whereas 30% leaf harvest did not negatively affect root yield.

scholarly journals Yield performance of upland rice cultivars at different rates and times of nitrogen application

2012 ◽  
Vol 36 (2) ◽  
pp. 475-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
José Hildernando Bezerra Barreto ◽  
Ismail Soares ◽  
José Almeida Pereira ◽  
Antonio Marcos Esmeraldo Bezerra ◽  
José Aridiano Lima de Deus
Keyword(s):  
Upland Rice ◽  
Oryza Sativa L ◽  
Block Design ◽  
N Fertilization ◽  
Rice Cultivars ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
N Application ◽  
Yield Performance ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
N Rates

Nitrogen is the most important nutrient for rice (Oryza sativa L) yields. This study aimed to evaluate the response of upland rice cultivars to N rate and application times in a randomized block design, in subdivided plots with four replications. The studied factors were five rice cultivars (BRS MG Curinga, BRS Monarca, BRS Pepita, BRS Primavera, and BRS Sertaneja), three application times (100 % at planting, 50 % at planting - 50 % at tillering and 100 % at tillering) and four N rates (0, 50, 100, and 150 kg ha-1). All cultivars responded to increased rates and different times of N application, especially BRS Primavera and BRS Sertaneja, which were the most productive when 50 % N rates were applied at sowing and 50 % at tillering. The response of cultivar BRS Monarca to N fertilization was best when 100 % of the fertilizer was applied at tillering.

scholarly journals Productivity and Quality Responses of Salt-Stressed Roses to Supplemental Calcium

2014 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 155-162
Author(s):  
Alma R. Solís-Pérez ◽  
Raul I. Cabrera
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Major Ions ◽  
Shoot Length ◽  
Plant Tissues ◽  
Sodium Accumulation ◽  
Leaf Chlorophyll ◽  
Counter Ions ◽  
Supplemental Calcium ◽  
Leaf Tissues ◽  
Chlorophyll Index

Plants of Rosa × spp. L. ‘Happy Hour’ grafted on the rootstocks R. × ‘Manetti’ and R. × ‘Natal Briar’ were salinized with 12 mM NaCl and received supplemental calcium (Ca) applications (as CaSO4) of 0, 2.5, 5.0, 7.5 and 10 mM. Additional plants were salinized with 6 mM Na2SO4 and supplemented with 5 mM CaSO4 and compared to non-salinized, no supplemental Ca control plants. Cumulative flowers harvested, shoot length and leaf chlorophyll index were similar for both rootstocks across salt treatments, but Manetti plants had higher dry weights in flowers and most plant tissues except roots. Productivity and water relations in NaCl-salinized plants were not responsive to supplemental Ca. Conversely, calcium-supplemented plants salinized with Na2SO4 had better productivity and quality than those with NaCl, and were similar to non-stressed control plants. Salt injury symptoms were evident only on NaCl-treated plants, regardless of Ca supplements, and closely associated with chloride, but not sodium, accumulation, in leaf tissues. The extent of the ameliorative properties of supplemental calcium applications on salinized rose plants is influenced by the salinity level, the chemical composition of the salinizing solution (major ions and counter-ions) and the cultivar (scion) and rootstock selection.

Correlative Analysis of Yield and its Components in Maize

1974 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 81-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. P. Prabhakaran Nair ◽  
R. P. Singh
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Negative Influence ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Thousand Grain Weight ◽  
N Application ◽  
Correlative Analysis ◽  
Local Cultivar ◽  
Improvement Programme

SUMMARYAt Pantnagar, India, linear response in maize to nitrogen application was observed up to 150 kg. of N/ha. with some of the most promising hybrids and composites released by the All India Co-ordinated Maize Improvement Programme. Increase in grain yield, and total nitrogen accumulation in grain, were substantially more in Ganga 2 than in the local cultivar or the composites, at higher rates of N application. In absolute terms, the local cultivar accumulated more nitrogen in its grain, but the relative amounts declined at higher rates of N application. Among the yield components influencing ultimate grain yield, barrenness exerted a negative influence on grain yield through the number of cobs per plot. Among cob characters, such as thousand grain weight and number of grains per cob, the former exerted a substantial influence on grain yield.

scholarly journals Nitrogen fixating ability of mungbean genotypes under different levels of nitrogen application

2016 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 163-171 ◽  
Author(s):  
MA Razzaque ◽  
MM Haque ◽  
MA Karim ◽  
ARM Solaiman
Keyword(s):  
Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Seed Yield ◽  
Biological Nitrogen Fixation ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Culture Experiment ◽  
N Application ◽  
Biological Nitrogen ◽  
Different Levels ◽  
Pot Culture

A pot culture experiment was conducted at the Bangabandhu Sheikh Mujibur Rahman Agricultural University (BSMRAU), Gazipur during kharif II, 2012 to evaluate the nodulation, biological nitrogen fixation and yield potential of genotypes of mungbean under varying levels of N application. There were 10 mungbean genotypes viz. IPSA 12, GK 27, IPSA 3, IPSA 5, ACC12890055, GK 63, ACC12890053, BU mug 4, BARI Mung 6 and Binamoog 5, each genotype treated with six levels of N (0, 20, 40, 60, 80 and 100 kg N ha-1) . Among the genotypes, the IPSA 12 at 40 kg N ha-1 produced the maximum number of nodules (14.54 plant-1) as well as the highest nitrogen fixation (2.684 mmol C2H4). This resulted in the highest seed yield (14.22 g plant-1). The genotype ACC12890053 recorded the lowest nodulation (6 plant-1), nitrogen fixation (1.134) and seed yield (7.33 g plant-1).Bangladesh J. Agril. Res. 41(1): 163-171, March 2016

scholarly journals Foliar Zn Spraying Simultaneously Improved Concentrations and Bioavailability of Zn and Fe in Maize Grains Irrespective of Foliar Sucrose Supply

Agronomy ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (7) ◽  
pp. 386 ◽  
Author(s):  
Haiyong Xia ◽  
Weilin Kong ◽  
Lan Wang ◽  
Yanhui Xue ◽  
Wenlong Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Application Rate ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
N Application ◽  
Application Rates ◽  
N Application Rate ◽  
Maize Grain ◽  
Sucrose Supply

Zinc (Zn) deficiency is a global nutritional problem that is reduced through agronomic biofortification. In the current study, the effects of foliar spraying of exogenous ZnSO4·7H2O (0.2% in Quzhou and 0.3% in Licheng, w/v) and/or sucrose (10.0%, w/v) on maize (Zea mays L.) agronomic traits; concentrations of Zn, iron (Fe), calcium (Ca), total phosphorus (P), phytic acid (PA) P, carbon (C), and nitrogen (N); C/N ratios; and Zn and Fe bioavailability (as evaluated by molar ratios of PA/Zn, PA × Ca/Zn, PA/Fe and PA × Ca/Fe) in maize grains were studied under field conditions for two years at two experimental locations. The results confirmed that there were no significant differences in maize agronomic traits following the various foliar treatments. Compared with the control treatment of foliar spraying with deionized water, foliar applications of Zn alone or combined with sucrose significantly increased maize grain Zn concentrations by 29.2–58.3% in Quzhou (from 18.4–19.9 to 25.2–29.6 mg/kg) and by 39.8–47.8% in Licheng (from 24.9 to 34.8–36.8 mg/kg), as well as its bioavailability. No significant differences were found between the foliar spraying of deionized water and sucrose, and between Zn-only and “sucrose + Zn” at each N application rate and across different N application rates and experimental sites. Similar results were observed for maize grain Fe concentrations and bioavailability, but the Fe concentration increased to a smaller extent than Zn. Foliar Zn spraying alone or with sucrose increased maize grain Fe concentrations by 4.7–28.4% in Quzhou (from 13.4–17.1 to 15.2–18.5 mg/kg) and by 15.4–25.0% in Licheng (from 24.0 to 27.7–30.0 mg/kg). Iron concentrations were significantly and positively correlated with Zn at each N application rate and across different N application rates and experimental locations, indicating that foliar Zn spraying facilitated the transport of endogenous Fe to maize grains. Therefore, foliar Zn spraying increased the Zn concentration and bioavailability in maize grains irrespective of foliar sucrose supply while also improving Fe concentrations and bioavailability to some extent. This is a promising agricultural practice for simultaneous Zn and Fe biofortification in maize grains, i.e., “killing two birds with one stone”.

scholarly journals Optimal Nitrogen Application Rates of One-Time Root Zone Fertilization and the Effect of Reducing Nitrogen Application on Summer Maize

2019 ◽  
Vol 11 (10) ◽  
pp. 2979 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chaoqiang Jiang ◽  
Xuexiang Ren ◽  
Huoyan Wang ◽  
Dianjun Lu ◽  
Chaolong Zu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Root Zone ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Anhui Province ◽  
N Fertilizer ◽  
Nitrogen Application ◽  
Summer Maize ◽  
N Application ◽  
Application Methods

Improvement in fertilization methods, including the optimal matching of nutrient supply and root nutrient absorption by applying nitrogen (N) in the root zone of crop, is necessary to improve N use efficiency (NUE), maintain high stable yield cultivation of maize, and contribute toward future environmental protection. The current practice of split surface broadcasting (SSB) of N is labor-intensive and the surface broadcasting causes a large amount of N to leach into the environment, yet it does not substantially increase maize yield. Root zone fertilization (RZF) has been identified as an efficient way to solve such problems. However, information on the appropriate amount of N fertilizer under RZF for summer maize remains limited. Therefore, in this study, a two-year consecutive field experiment was conducted during 2015–2016 in Anhui province, China, to investigate the effect of N rate and application method on grain yield, nutrient uptake, and NUE of summer maize. The method chosen is not only important to increase grain yield but also critical for reducing N rate and potential loss in the maize cropping system. The experiment comprised six N rates (90, 135, 180, 225, 270, and 360 kg N hm−2) and two N application methods in both 2015 and 2016. The two N application methods included SSB and one-time RZF. Results showed that grain yield of summer maize increased first and then decreased with the increase of N rate; however, when the N rate increased to 270 kg hm−2, the grain yield increased slowly or even decreased. Compared with SSB, RZF increased grain yield by 4%, and the effect of N on grain yield was mainly related to the number of kernels per ear and 1000-seed weight. One-time RZF increased N apparent recovery efficiency by 18% (7.2 percentage points) compared with SSB and also improved the N agronomic efficiency, N physiological efficiency, and N partial factor productivity. In the comprehensive consideration of yield target, NUE, and soil N balance, the optimal N rate for summer maize in the vertisol soil of Anhui province was 180–225 kg hm−2 for one-time RZF, which reduced N fertilizer by 14% compared with the SSB. Overall, one-time RZF has great potential for green and sustainable agriculture, and thus fertilization machines are worthy of development and application in maize cropping systems.

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