scholarly journals Ripening Physiology in `Navaho' Thornless Blackberries: Color, Respiration, Ethylene Production, Softening, and Compositional Changes

2000 ◽  
Vol 125 (3) ◽  
pp. 357-363 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Perkins-Veazie ◽  
J.R. Clark ◽  
D.J. Huber ◽  
E.A. Baldwin
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Acc Oxidase ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Uronic Acids ◽  
Thornless Blackberry ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Volatile Production

Fruit were harvested from an erect, thornless blackberry (Rubus L. subgenus Rubus Watson, `Navaho' to study ripening changes. Soluble solids content increased between the red (unripe) and dull-black (overripe) stages of ripening while titratable acidity decreased sharply between the mottled and shiny-black ripeness stages. Anthocyanin content increased sharply between the mottled and shiny-black stages. Firmness of drupelet and receptacle tissues decreased between the mottled and shiny-black stages of ripeness. In whole blackberries, total uronic acids decreased, and water soluble uronic acids increased between the green-red and shiny-black ripeness stages. Volatile production paralleled ripening changes, and was highest in dull-black fruit, with alcohols and aldehydes predominating. Respiration of intact fruit maintained in water decreased between the green and red ripeness stages and increased at the mottled (part-black) and black ripeness stages. Ethylene production remained below 10 nmol·kg-1·h-1 until the dull-black (overripe) stage of maturity. Free 1-aminocyclopropane-1-carboxylic acid (ACC) and ACC oxidase did not increase in berries until the shiny-black stage, corresponding with the onset of detectable ethylene production. ACC oxidase activity decreased in the drupelet tissue (0.5 to 0.01 μmol·kg-1·h-1) and increased in the receptacle tissue (2 to 3.8 μmol·kg-1·h-1) as fruit changed from red to dull black. These results indicate that ripening in blackberries may be initiated in the receptacle tissue. Ripening in blackberries is likely independent of ethylene, but ethylene may regulate berry detachment from pedicels, thus controlling timing of fruit harvests.

scholarly journals PHYSIOLOGICAL AND CELL WALL METABOLIC RESPONSES OF GRANNY SMITH APPLES TO LOW OXYGEN STORAGE.

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1090G-1090
Author(s):  
Marius Huysamer ◽  
John M. Labavitch ◽  
Adel A. Kader
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Oxygen Storage ◽  
Degree Of Hydrolysis ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Production Rates ◽  
Neutral Sugars

Commercially grown Granny Smith apples were stored at 0°C in air or 1% O2, and 2 sets of samples were taken every 4 weeks over a 28 week period. One set was immediately analysed for weight loss, firmness, color, soluble solids, pH and titratable acidity. Alcohol-insoluble substances were analysed for starch, water-soluble uronides, water-insoluble uronides, cellulose and neutral sugars. The second set of samples was kept in air at 20°C for an additional week, during which respiration and ethylene production rates were measured, prior to the above analyses. Storage in 1% O2 led to the improved maintenance of firmness, reduced respiration and ethylene production rates in ambient air, and a reduced content of water-soluble uronides, suggesting a reduced degree of hydrolysis. The correlation between firmness and water-soluble uronide content was not very strong. The predominant neutral sugars present in the wall were arabinose and galactose, and activities of putative hydrolyses that may be involved in the metabolism of polymers containing these sugars will be discussed.

scholarly journals Postharvest Quality of Grape Tomatoes Treated with 1-Methylcyclopropene at Advanced Ripeness Stages

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (1) ◽  
pp. 183-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Muharrem Ergun ◽  
Steven A. Sargent ◽  
Donald J. Huber
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Postharvest Quality ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Respiration Rates ◽  
Total Titratable Acidity ◽  
Solids Content

Grape tomatoes (Lycopersicon esculentum Mill. `Santa') harvested at light-red (>90% color) and full-red stages were treated with 1 μL·L–1 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) for 24 hours at 20 °C and stored at 20 °C. After 1 day of storage, fruit harvested at light-red stage treated with 1-MCP had a 56% lower respiration rate than untreated fruit. By day 7, respiration rates of the two treatments had converged at about 2 mL·kg–1·h–1. Ethylene production of light-red stage tomatoes treated with 1-MPC was 24% lower than untreated during storage, with rates converging by day 11. For fruit harvested full-red, 1-MCP had similar effects on respiration and ethylene production, although convergence occurred earlier, by day 5. Subsequent tests were conducted only with fruit harvested at full-red stage, since fruit harvested at the light-red stage had lower soluble solids content (4.3%) than fruit harvested at the full-red stage (5.5%). Several combinations of 1-MCP concentrations and exposure times were applied at 20 °C: 1 μL·L–1 for 24 h, 5 μL·L–1 for 6 or 12 h, 25 μL·L–1 for 6 or 12 h, and 50 μL·L–1 for 6 or 12 h; following the respective pretreatment fruits were stored at 20 °C. 1-MCP pretreatment extended marketable life by 1 d, irrespective of pretreatment regime, where untreated and pretreated fruit remained marketable (<15% of fruit soft, decayed and/or shriveled) for 6 and 7 d, respectively. However, 1-MCP did not affect whole fruit firmness, epidermal color, internal color, soluble solids content (6.5%), total titratable acidity (0.64%), or pH (4.3). In a third test simulating commercial handling procedures, full-red harvested tomatoes were treated with 1 μL·L–1 1-MCP for 24 h at either 13 or 20 °C, stored for 4 d at 13 °C, and then transferred to 20 °C. Under these conditions, marketable life for untreated and 1-MCP-treated tomatoes was 7 and 8 d, respectively.

scholarly journals Hot Water Treatment of Postharvest Mei Fruit to Delay Ripening

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (3) ◽  
pp. 737-740 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zisheng Luo
Keyword(s):  
Water Treatment ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Hot Water ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Fruit Softening ◽  
Hot Water Treatment ◽  
Chlorophyll Breakdown ◽  
Peel Color ◽  
Solids Content

Mei (Prunus mume `Daqinghe') fruit were immersed in 20 °C (control), 47 °C (HWT47), 50 °C (HWT50), or 53°C (HWT53) water for 3 min after harvest, then stored at 20 °C. Firmness, peel color, chlorophyll, chlorophyllase activity, soluble solids content (SSC), titratable acidity (TA), respiration, ethylene production, and pectinmethylesterase (PME) and polygalacturonase (PG) activity were monitored to determine the effects of hot water treatment in delaying fruit ripening. Control fruit displayed a typical climacteric pattern of respiration and ethylene production. Peak CO2 production and ethylene production were observed 6 days after harvest. Fruit softening was accompanied by decreases in hue angle, chlorophyll content, SSC, and TA and increases in chlorophyllase and PME and PG activity. Hot water treatment delayed the onset of the climacteric peaks of CO2 and ethylene production. The delays were associated with delays in fruit softening, consistent with lags in the rise of PME and PG activity; delays in yellowing and chlorophyll breakdown, consistent with lags in the rise of chlorophyllase activity; and delays in loss of SSC and TA. The shelf life of fruit increased by 6 days, or 60%, with HWT47, and by 8 days, or 80%, with HWT50 or HWT53.

Improvement of Storability and Shelf-life of ‘Blackamber’ Plums Treated with 1-methylcyclopropene

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 437-443 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. P. Candan ◽  
J. Graell ◽  
C. Crisosto ◽  
C. Larrigaudière
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Chilling Injury ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Quality Changes ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Life Changes ◽  
Flesh Colour ◽  
Solids Content

Rapid softening is one of the most important factors that limits the market life of plums. To avoid this problem, ‘Blackamber’ plums were treated with 0, 150, 300 and 600ppb of 1-methylcyclopropene (1- MCP) and their quality evaluated after 15, 30 and 50 days of storage at 0°C, immediately and after 6 days at 25°C. 1-MCP treatment effectively decreased ethylene production during storage and shelf-life in fruits kept 15 and 30 days at 0°C. In contrast, fruits kept for 50 days at 0°C showed a significant increase in ethylene production during shelf-life. Changes in ethylene production by 1-MCP were associated with a decrease of firmness loss and maintenance of titratable acidity but not with the development of red flesh colour. Soluble solids content of the fruit was not affected by the 1-MCP treatment. In this assay no significant symptoms of chilling injury (CI) or rot were observed. Overall, the results presented in this assay ascertained ethylene on quality changes in ‘Blackamber’ plums. They also showed that 1- MCP could be considered commercially to improve the storage life and resistance to mechanical bruising in ‘Blackamber’ plums without prejudicial effects on quality.

scholarly journals Ripening Development and Quality of Melting and Non-melting Flesh Peach Cultivars

HortScience ◽  
2012 ◽  
Vol 47 (7) ◽  
pp. 879-885 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ming-Wei S. Kao ◽  
Jeffrey K. Brecht ◽  
Jeffrey G. Williamson ◽  
Donald J. Huber
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Prunus Persica ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Pectin Methylesterase ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Cell Wall Modification ◽  
Advanced Stages ◽  
Solids Content

Some physiological and biochemical properties of melting flesh (MF) and non-melting flesh (NMF) peaches [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] were determined during ripening for 5 days at 20 °C. Respiration rates and ethylene production of MF ‘Flordaprince’, MF ‘TropicBeauty’, NMF ‘UFSun’, and NMF ‘Gulfking’ were measured at different harvest skin ground color-based maturity stages. The MF cultivars at harvest were mostly preclimacteric or at the onset of ripening. The NMF cultivars generally had higher ethylene production at harvest and throughout ripening than the MF cultivars; thus, the NMF fruit had started ripening on the tree before harvest. Some of the NMF fruit harvested at more advanced stages quickly became postclimacteric during the storage period. Quality determination after fruit ripening showed that MF ‘TropicBeauty’ had the highest soluble solids content (SSC), but also the highest titratable acidity (TA). The NMF cultivars had lower TA than the MF cultivars. NMF ‘Gulfking’ consistently had high SSC/TA, which was the result of it having the lowest TA. The NMF cultivars retained firmer texture than the MF cultivars during ripening. The flesh firmness of the NMF cultivars was four to five times greater than that of the MF cultivars. To investigate the reason for this significant textural difference, the activities of the cell wall modification enzymes pectin methylesterase (PME) and polygalacturonase (PG) were quantified in all four cultivars at advanced ripeness stages. PME activity appeared to be more directly related with peach fruit softening than PG activity.

scholarly journals High CO2 Storage Improves the Shelf Life of `Arapaho' and `Navaho' Blackberries

HortScience ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 35 (4) ◽  
pp. 556C-556b
Author(s):  
P. Perkins-Veazie ◽  
J.K. Collins
Keyword(s):  
Shelf Life ◽  
Co2 Storage ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Anthocyanin Content ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Off Flavors ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Atmosphere Storage ◽  
Treatment Application

Application of modified-atmosphere storage (MA) (high carbon dioxide and/or low oxygen) extends the shelf life of several fruits. This study was done to determine the effects of MA on quality and flavor of blackberries. `Navaho' and `Arapaho' blackberries were harvested in 1998 and 1999, precooled overnight at 2 °C, and placed in 0.5-L treatment jars. Treatments of 15% CO2/10% O2 or of air (0.03% CO2/21% O2) were applied at 2 °C for 3, 7, or 14 days. After treatment application, jars were held at 2 °C for an additional 11, 7, or 0 days, respectively. Seven and 14 days of application of CO2 reduced the incidence of decayed and leaky berries by 10% to 20% for both `Arapaho' and `Navaho', but firm berries decreased 10% after 14 days of treatment. Titratable acidity was slightly lower, and pH higher, in control fruit but soluble solids content was not affected by treatment. Anthocyanin content was not affected by treatment in `Arapaho' berries but was lower in `Navaho' berries after 7 and 14 days of treatment. Samples taken for taste tests after 3 and 7 days of treatment had no off-odors or off-flavors. `Arapaho' and `Navaho' blackberries benefitted from high CO2 storage, with a minimum of 7 days of treatment application needed to increase marketable berries by 10%.

scholarly journals Effects of 1-Methylcyclopropene Treatment on Fruit Quality during Cold Storage in Apple Cultivars Grown in Korea

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (10) ◽  
pp. 338
Author(s):  
Jingi Yoo ◽  
Nay Myo Win ◽  
Hyunggon Mang ◽  
Young-Je Cho ◽  
Hee-Young Jung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Ethylene Biosynthesis ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Postharvest Quality ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Apple Cultivars ◽  
Solids Content ◽  
Physiological And Biochemical

The effect of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatment on improving the storability of four apple cultivars (‘Hwangok’, ‘Picnic’, ‘Gamhong’, and ‘Fuji’) was investigated by analyzing the physiological and biochemical factors associated with their postharvest quality attributes. The flesh firmness, titratable acidity, and soluble solids content of the cultivars were higher in treated fruits than untreated fruits, while the opposite results were observed for ethylene production. In the treated fruits, the traits affected by 1-MCP varied depending on the cultivars used. Higher firmness and lower ethylene production were observed in the ‘Hwangok’ and ‘Picnic’ than ‘Gamhong’ and ‘Fuji’ cultivars. However, 1-MCP only affected weight loss in the ‘Gamhong’ cultivar, while the sugar content was affected in all of the cultivars except ‘Hwangok’. When analyzing cell wall hydrolase activities, 1-MCP differently affected the activities (β-galactosidase, α-galactosidase, β-glucosidase, α-mannosidase, β-xylosidase, and β-arabinosidase), with greater effects in the ‘Fuji’ and ‘Picnic’ cultivars and moderate effects in the ‘Gamhong’ and ‘Hwangok’ cultivars. In this study, the suppression of ethylene production by 1-MCP was positively associated with a transcriptional decrease in the ethylene biosynthesis genes MdACS1 and MdACO1. Overall, this study suggests that 1-MCP distinctly enhanced the storability of all apple cultivars, with a greater effect on ‘Hwangok’.

scholarly journals Enhanced Degreening of Apple Fruit by Jasmonates

HortScience ◽  
1997 ◽  
Vol 32 (3) ◽  
pp. 457D-457
Author(s):  
Xuetong Fan ◽  
James P. Mattheis
Keyword(s):  
Aqueous Solution ◽  
Jasmonic Acid ◽  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Apple Fruit ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Soluble Solids Content ◽  
Minimum Concentration ◽  
Golden Delicious ◽  
Solids Content

Airborne methyl jasmonate (MJ) can modulate apple fruit ripening, including the degreening process. Degreening of `Fuji' and `Golden Delicious' apples by jasmonates [jasmonic acid (JA) and MJ] in aqueous solution was investigated. JA and MJ applied by dipping apples in solutions of jasmonates for 2 min enhanced degreening during ripening at 20C. MJ was more effective at promoting degreening compared to JA. The minimum concentration of jasmonates required to promote significant degreening during the 2-week ripening period was 1 mM. Degreening of jasmonate-treated apples ripened at 4C progressed slower compared to apples ripened at 20°C. JA stimulated apple fruit ethylene production at concentrations as low as 10 μM. Jasmonates at 1 or 10 mM were more effective at accelerating the degreening process compared to 0.35 or 3.5 mM ethephon. Firmness, soluble solids content, and titratable acidity of `Fuji' apples were not significantly affected by jasmonate treatments. Peel injury occurred on apples treated with 10 mM JA or 3.5 mM ethephon.

scholarly journals PHYSIOLOGICAL AND CELL WALL METABOLIC RESPONSES OF GRANNY SMITH APPLES TO LOW OXYGEN STORAGE.

HortScience ◽  
1990 ◽  
Vol 25 (9) ◽  
pp. 1090g-1090
Author(s):  
Marius Huysamer ◽  
John M. Labavitch ◽  
Adel A. Kader
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Ambient Air ◽  
Water Soluble ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Oxygen Storage ◽  
Degree Of Hydrolysis ◽  
Low Oxygen ◽  
Production Rates ◽  
Neutral Sugars

Commercially grown Granny Smith apples were stored at 0°C in air or 1% O2, and 2 sets of samples were taken every 4 weeks over a 28 week period. One set was immediately analysed for weight loss, firmness, color, soluble solids, pH and titratable acidity. Alcohol-insoluble substances were analysed for starch, water-soluble uronides, water-insoluble uronides, cellulose and neutral sugars. The second set of samples was kept in air at 20°C for an additional week, during which respiration and ethylene production rates were measured, prior to the above analyses. Storage in 1% O2 led to the improved maintenance of firmness, reduced respiration and ethylene production rates in ambient air, and a reduced content of water-soluble uronides, suggesting a reduced degree of hydrolysis. The correlation between firmness and water-soluble uronide content was not very strong. The predominant neutral sugars present in the wall were arabinose and galactose, and activities of putative hydrolyses that may be involved in the metabolism of polymers containing these sugars will be discussed.

scholarly journals Storage and Quality of Apples ‘Reinette Simirenko’, Depending on the Dose of Post-Harvest Treatment with Ethylene Inhibitor 1-MCP

2018 ◽  
Vol 26 (2) ◽  
pp. 95-102
Author(s):  
Oleksandr Melnyk ◽  
Olha Drozd ◽  
Ihor Melnyk
Keyword(s):  
Ethylene Production ◽  
Titratable Acidity ◽  
Fruit Rot ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Recommended Dose ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Weight Losses ◽  
Ethylene Inhibitor ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Solids Content

AbstractNatural weight losses, flesh and core browning, senescent breakdown and fruit rot, ethylene-production, firmness, soluble solids content, titratable acidity and taste of apple ‘Reinette Simirenko’ during storage, depending on the dose of postharvest treatment with 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) were studied. Fruits were collected in harvesting maturity and treated with 1-MCP at the recommended dose of 1000 ppb (SmartFreshTM 0.068 g·m−3) and experimental doses of 750 ppb (75% of the recommended dose) and 500 ppb (50%). Apples were stored at 2 ± 1 °C and air humidity 85–90%. After seven months of cold storage, irrespective of dose of 1-MCP, on the 20th day of shelf-life, ethylene production from the treated apples was 3.9–5.3 times lower than that of the untreated ones. During the seven months of storage, fruits with post-harvest treatment had high firmness – 8.8–9.0 kg without a significant difference in range of 500–1000 ppb 1-MCP. 1-MCP treatment provides 0.6–1.0% higher content of soluble solids (highest level is for the treatment of 750 and 1000 ppb). Content of titratable acidity was higher by 1.4–1.7 times (the highest acidity was at 1000 ppb and, respectively, 1.1 and 1.2 times lower when treated with doses of 750 and 500 ppb). There was no skin browning and senescent breakdown and no flesh browning at 750 and 1000 ppb, and no fruit rot at 1000 ppb. When smaller doses (as recommended) are applied, a more harmonious taste of apples without reducing storage ability is achieved.

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