scholarly journals Shoot and Cluster Thinning Influence Vegetative Growth, Fruit Yield, and Wine Quality of `Sauvignon blanc' Grapevines

2002 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 628-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Naor ◽  
Y. Gal ◽  
B. Bravdo
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Cluster Number ◽  
Wine Quality ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
Number Of Clusters ◽  
The Third ◽  
Cluster Thinning

Effects of two shoot densities (14 and 44 shoots/vine) and two crop levels (one and two fruit clusters per shoot) on yield, pruning weight, crop load, and juice and wine quality of field-grown `Sauvignon blanc' grape (Vitis vinifera L.) were studied in a factorial experiment over 3 years. Main shoot length, lateral shoot length and number, shoot diameter, leaf area per shoot, and specific leaf weight were greater at the lower compared with the higher shoot density for all years whereas pruning weight was significantly increased only in the third year. Crop yield increased proportionally with the number of clusters, up to 44 clusters per vine, by both shoot and cluster thinning; a lower rate of yield increase was apparent when the number of clusters per vine was increased further, probably because of increasing source limitation. Berry maturation was delayed in the 44 shoots per vine treatment. Unchanged soluble solids, higher total acidity, and lower pH in the 44-shoot vine treatment in the third year indicated that the effect of cluster number on the must quality was not due to delayed maturation. No effect of cluster number per shoot on vegetative parameters was apparent. Berry size and number were affected by cluster thinning only in the 44 shoot/vine treatment. Both the number of shoots per vine and the number of clusters per shoot affected wine sensory attributes. Herbaceous aroma scores increased with increasing pruning weight. The wine sensory evaluation score decreased with increasing crop load. Total wine sensory scores decreased with decreasing leaf area to fruit weight ratio below ≈18 cm2·g-1, whereas a critical value of the crop to pruning weight ratio, for wine quality, was not apparent. Crop load expressed as crop to pruning weight ratio (kg·kg-1) was highly correlated with fruit weight to leaf area ratio (g·cm-2) (r2 = 0.86), providing a biological rationale for the relevance of crop load and wine quality relations.

scholarly journals Vineyard Floor Management and Cluster Thinning Inconsistently Affect ‘Pinot noir’ Crop Load, Berry Composition, and Wine Quality

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison L. Reeve ◽  
Patricia A. Skinkis ◽  
Amanda J. Vance ◽  
Katherine R. McLaughlin ◽  
Elizabeth Tomasino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Pinot Noir ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Wine Quality ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Cluster Thinning ◽  
Berry Composition

Growers of high-end ‘Pinot noir’ wine grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) commonly reduce yield by cluster thinning with the goal of increasing fruit quality; however, there are no objectively defined yield targets to achieve optimum fruit composition. Canopy leaf area relative to fruit yield can affect total soluble solids (TSS), and recommendations have been established for warm wine grape production regions. However, the relationship between leaf area and photoassimilation differs among climates and training systems. Leaf area to yield (LA:Y) ratios developed in warm, arid regions may not be suitable for cool, wet regions such as western Oregon. A 3-year field study was conducted to elucidate relationships between canopy to yield ratios and berry composition for ‘Pinot noir’. Vegetative growth and fruit yield were manipulated through competitive cover cropping and cluster thinning. Growth was manipulated in three ways: perennial red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) was grown in 1) both (Grass), 2) one (Alternate), or 3) neither (Tilled) of the alleyways flanking the vine row. Within each vineyard floor treatment, fruit clusters were thinned to one per shoot (Half Crop) or vines were left unthinned (Full Crop). Floor management influenced both canopy size and yield because of altered vine nitrogen (N) status. Effects of crop load on berry components were not always consistent between the crop load metrics used [yield to pruning weight (Y:PW) ratio or LA:Y]. In 2 years, TSS reached a maximum at similar LA:Y; however, this did not necessarily produce optimum TSS. Yield had the greatest influence on pH and total anthocyanins (ACY) in the highest yielding, coolest year. Crop load metrics were not reliable predictors of TSS because of the dominant effect of seasonal variation. Relationships between canopy to yield metrics and other berry components were partially explained by tissue N, photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) through the cluster zone, and/or yield. Cluster thinning to adjust yields may not alter source to sink relationships or canopy to yield ratios enough to overcome ripening limitations in cool climates. Only one wine vintage had sensory differences with Alternate-Half Crop and Alternate-Full Crop wines ranked high quality and Tilled-Half Crop and Tilled-Full Crop wines ranked low quality by both consumer and winemaker panels. Therefore, cluster thinning may have limited impact on wine sensory properties.

scholarly journals Interaction of nutrient supply and crop load of apple trees (Malus domestica Borkh.)

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (1-2.) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Szűcs ◽  
T. Kállay
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Analysis Data ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Apple Trees ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
Nutrient Contents ◽  
General Terms ◽  
P Content ◽  
Foliar Nutrient

Long term fertilisation trials were combined with storage experiments with 'Jonathan' apple trees and fruits to study influence of tree nutrition on quantity and quality of crop. The site of experiments is a typical Carpathian-basin environment with loamy silt soil, high lime content and arid summers. Conclusions has been drown from six years' set of data. Augmented levels of soil fertilisation increased cropping capacity of apple trees, however, the fruit load has not met with cropping capacity in every year. More the def cit came into view in crop load, less the fruit quality resulted in. The deficit in cropping capacity, however, could not have been determined with simple rates as fruit weight per trunk circumference or similar. Better determination was obtained where foliar nutrient contents were correlated to crop per tree figures. In general terms, the N and Ca content in leaves increased with yields when K and P content formulated reciprocally. When storage quality of 'Jonathan' apple fruits were related to crop load (kg/tree), influence of crop deficit became visible. As the crop load and foliar nutrient levels interacted, the fruit quality (number of disordered apples after 6 month of storage) subjected of both physiological phenomena. Higher determination degree were obtained when crop load was assessed together with single or multiple foliar analysis data.

scholarly journals Pre-harvest Foliar Application of Oxalic Acid Improves Strawberry Plant Growth and Fruit Quality

2018 ◽  
pp. 35-41 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rahee Anwar ◽  
Shaista Gull ◽  
Muhammad Nafees ◽  
Muhammad Amin ◽  
Zahoor Hussain ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Oxalic Acid ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Foliar Application ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Promoting Effect

Delicate fruit of strawberry is susceptible to high temperature stress and fungal infection. An extensive spray program is usually adapted to secure yield and fruit quality which sometimes pose a serious threat to consumer health. However, development of eco-friendly, economical and safer strategies has always been in focus of R&D sector. In this study, field-grown strawberry plants cv. Chandler were sprayed with 1, 2 or 3 mM oxalic acid at flowering stage. Interestingly, foliar application of oxalic acid in low doses (1 mM and 2 mM) had more growth-promoting effect on strawberries whereas foliar application of 3 mM oxalic acid either negatively affected or remained ineffective. Low-dose applications of oxalic acid resulted in enhanced nitrogen (1.5-fold), phosphorus (2.5-fold) and potassium (1.75-fold) levels in leaf petioles. Increase in primary macronutrients was also correlated well with enhancement in plant growth indicators including dry biomass (1.5-fold), leaf area (1.7-fold), specific leaf area (2.8-fold) and leaf area ratio (2.6-fold), root weight ratio (1.9-fold), root-to-shoot ratio (1.4-fold). Only, leaf chlorophyll and fresh fruit weight were negatively impacted by oxalic acid. In addition to increase in number of fruits per plant, oxalic acid also improved sensory properties of strawberry fruits mainly due to increase in sugar: acid ratio (1.6-fold), ascorbic acid contents (1.2-fold) and non-reducing sugars (2-fold). Overall, foliar application of 1 mM oxalic acid favoured vegetative growth and enhanced yield and fruit quality of strawberry cv. Chandler.

scholarly journals The effect of cluster thinning, cluster tipping, cluster shredding and defoliation at the flowering on the vegetative and generative vine performance from Kékfrankos Cv.

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Fazekas ◽  
J. Göblyös ◽  
Gy. D. Bisztray ◽  
G. Zanathy
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Wine Quality ◽  
Manual Work ◽  
Grape Cultivar ◽  
Easy Task ◽  
Cluster Thinning ◽  
Bunch Rot ◽  
Cluster Shoots ◽  
Red Grape

The cluster thinning is a method of the yield regulation.With the removal one part of the clusters, the yield pro leaf area will be lower, hereby the grape and wine quality will be improved. The regulation of the yield can lead to further advantages: the ratio of the vegetative and generative performance of the vines will improve, the condition of the plants will better, the number of the physiological diseases can be reduced and the growth of the shoots and roots can be promoted. The grape growers make the cluster thinning almost exclusive by creating one cluster shoots. Usually the upper clusters are removed, because the sugar content of these second or third clusters will be lower. The cluster thinning is an easy task, can be done without special skills. It is an effective method improving wine quality, but its use can lead to other problems. The grapes try to compensate the removed clusters. Therefore the clusters will be bigger and thicker, but more sensitive to bunch rot. Moreover the treatment is expensive, because it needs manual work. It is worth to get acquainted and try the new yield regulation methods, which can help to avoid the occurring problems. Our aim is to show the results of our experiment, which was carried out in Eger, examining the red grape cultivar Kékfrankos. During our 4 years long experiment we compared the effects of cluster thinning, cluster shredding, cluster tipping and defoliation at the flowering, on the vegetative and generative vine performance.

Behaviour of the Cabernet Franc grapevine variety in various « terroirs » of the Loire Valley. Influence of the precocity on the composition of the harvested grapes for a normal climatic year (example of the year 1988)

OENO One ◽  
1998 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 69 ◽  
Author(s):  
Gérard Barbeau ◽  
René Morlat ◽  
Christian Asselin ◽  
A. Jacquet ◽  
C. Pinard
Keyword(s):  
Organic Acids ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Research Programme ◽  
Harvest Time ◽  
Wine Quality ◽  
Phenological Stages ◽  
Cabernet Franc ◽  
Loire Valley

<p style="text-align: justify;">In the framework of a research programme on the “ terroirs ” in viticulture, a red of experimental plots was established in the Loire Valley area in 1978 with the Cabernet Franc variety. In 1988, eleven of those plots were given an intensive follow-up, with special emphasis on the phenological stages, the growth and development of the vegetative apparatus and the composition of the grapes at harvest time. After a few years, we can consider that 1988 was an average year for the last fifteen vintages, both on the climatic side and on the wine quality side. Therefore it seems to be justified to use the data of that particular year to study the “ terroir ” effect on the composition of the grapes. The results show important differences between “ terroirs ” in terms of precocity of the phenological stages, stems growth, setting of the leaf area, vigour and productivity of the plants. These differences are found also during the maturity process and at harvest time ; sugars, organic acids, anthocyanins and polyphenols are concerned. An index for measuring the precocity of the grapevine cycle on each “ terroir ” is used to compare the “ terroirs ” and to establish relationships with the composition of the grapes at harvest time. Through the analysis of the data, it is possible to distinguish two groups of factors which determine the behaviour of grapevine in a given “ terroir ”. The first one is related to the precocity of the cycle of the plant ; it influences the quality of the grapes at harvest time. The second is related to the vigour ; it is linked to the productivity of the plants.and the acidity of the must. The level of development of the primary leaf area at flowering time seems to play an important role in relation with the composition of the grapes in sugars, organic acids and anthocyanins ; the earlier the flowering, the better the relationship.</p>

CLUSTER THINNING EFFECTS ON THE FRUIT AND WINE QUALITY OF 'DOONURI' GRAPE

2015 ◽  
pp. 321-326 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun-Ha Chang ◽  
Kyo-Sun Park ◽  
Sung-Min Jeong ◽  
Youn-Young Hur ◽  
In-Myung Choi
Keyword(s):  
Wine Quality ◽  
Cluster Thinning

Effects of cluster thinning on wine quality of Syrah cultivar (Vitis vinifera L.)

2016 ◽  
Vol 242 (10) ◽  
pp. 1719-1726 ◽  
Author(s):  
Concetta Condurso ◽  
Fabrizio Cincotta ◽  
Gianluca Tripodi ◽  
Antonio Sparacio ◽  
Dina Maria Letizia Giglio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Vitis Vinifera ◽  
Vitis Vinifera L ◽  
Wine Quality ◽  
Cluster Thinning

Ammonium thiosulfate and 6-benzyladenine improve the crop load and fruit quality of 'Delicious' apples

2007 ◽  
Vol 47 (5) ◽  
pp. 635 ◽  
Author(s):  
S. A. Bound ◽  
S. J. Wilson
Keyword(s):  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Positive Relationship ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Fruit Size ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Fruit Firmness ◽  
Single Application ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
Ammonium Thiosulfate

Four trials were conducted over 3 years to assess the effect of ammonium thiosulfate (ATS) as a blossom thinner of ‘Delicious’ apple trees. In addition to determining the optimal concentration of ATS and the effectiveness of multiple applications, the effect on fruit quality was assessed. A program using ATS at bloom and 6-benzyladenine (BA) applied postbloom was examined. Multiple applications of ATS reduced crop load more than a single application. A concentration of 1.0% (v/v, 5800 mg/L) applied twice during the flowering period is recommended, with the first application at 20% bloom and the second at 80% bloom. Fruit firmness and sugar content were increased by ATS, and a positive relationship between fruit weight and sugar content and between fruit weight and firmness was demonstrated. ATS can also be effectively combined in a program with BA with the added benefits of increases in fruit size, firmness and sugar content; however, caution is advised to prevent over-thinning.

Control of alternate cropping of Valencia orange with ethephon and napthalene acetic acid

1978 ◽  
Vol 18 (90) ◽  
pp. 152 ◽  
Author(s):  
PT Gallasch
Keyword(s):  
Acetic Acid ◽  
South Australia ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Mature Fruit ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
The Third ◽  
Load Following ◽  
Valencia Orange ◽  
Leaf Drop ◽  
Orange Trees

Three experiments were done in the Riverland district of South Australia with the aim of controlling alternate cropping of mature Valencia orange trees by chemical thinning. In experiment 1, 300 p.p.m. ethephon was applied in either October, November or December. In experiment 2, sprays of either 200, 250, 300 or 350 p.p.m. ethephon were applied in late November. In experiment 3, sprays of either ethephon, NAA or a mixture of both were applied in early December. Sprays of ethephon in December were more effective than in October, and resulted in a 40 per cent reduction of mature fruit weight in a heavy crop year. All concentrations of ethephon of 250 p.p.m, or more reduced the heavy crop load, and in the following year increased light crops. A 15 per cent reduction in crop load following sprays of 250 p.p.m, gave even cropping trees. Treated trees produced, over two years, 10 per cent more fruit weight than control trees. Fruit from treated trees were larger in the heavy crop year and smaller the following year. In the third experiment, 300 p.p.m. ethephon reduced the mature crop by 31 per cent and 500 p.p.m. NAA reduced it by 18 per cent. A mixture of the two chemicals effected a 51 per cent reduction in crop load, but the NAA did not significantly reduce leaf drop. NAA at 500 p.p.m. resulted in the most even cropping trees.

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