scholarly journals The effect of cluster thinning, cluster tipping, cluster shredding and defoliation at the flowering on the vegetative and generative vine performance from Kékfrankos Cv.

2012 ◽  
Vol 18 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
I. Fazekas ◽  
J. Göblyös ◽  
Gy. D. Bisztray ◽  
G. Zanathy
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Wine Quality ◽  
Manual Work ◽  
Grape Cultivar ◽  
Easy Task ◽  
Cluster Thinning ◽  
Bunch Rot ◽  
Cluster Shoots ◽  
Red Grape

The cluster thinning is a method of the yield regulation.With the removal one part of the clusters, the yield pro leaf area will be lower, hereby the grape and wine quality will be improved. The regulation of the yield can lead to further advantages: the ratio of the vegetative and generative performance of the vines will improve, the condition of the plants will better, the number of the physiological diseases can be reduced and the growth of the shoots and roots can be promoted. The grape growers make the cluster thinning almost exclusive by creating one cluster shoots. Usually the upper clusters are removed, because the sugar content of these second or third clusters will be lower. The cluster thinning is an easy task, can be done without special skills. It is an effective method improving wine quality, but its use can lead to other problems. The grapes try to compensate the removed clusters. Therefore the clusters will be bigger and thicker, but more sensitive to bunch rot. Moreover the treatment is expensive, because it needs manual work. It is worth to get acquainted and try the new yield regulation methods, which can help to avoid the occurring problems. Our aim is to show the results of our experiment, which was carried out in Eger, examining the red grape cultivar Kékfrankos. During our 4 years long experiment we compared the effects of cluster thinning, cluster shredding, cluster tipping and defoliation at the flowering, on the vegetative and generative vine performance.

Effects of cluster thinning and irrigation amount on water relations, growth, yield and fruit and wine composition of Tempranillo grapes in Extemadura (Spain)

OENO One ◽  
2009 ◽  
Vol 43 (2) ◽  
pp. 67 ◽  
Author(s):  
María Esperanza Valdés ◽  
Daniel Moreno ◽  
Esther Gamero ◽  
David Uriarte ◽  
María Del Henar Prieto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Phenolic Content ◽  
Stem Water Potential ◽  
Wine Quality ◽  
Irrigation Amount ◽  
Wine Production ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Grape Quality ◽  
Wine Composition ◽  
Cluster Thinning

<p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Aim</strong>: The effects of cluster thinning and irrigation regime on vine performance and grape and wine quality of Tempranillo grapevines were studied in a field experiment carried out in Extremadura in Spain.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Methods and results</strong>: Treatments were combinations of two irrigation doses (25% and 100% of estimated crop evapotranspiration) and two crop levels (thinned and unthinned vines). Cluster thinning was performed just before veraison to retain five clusters per m2 of vine leaf area. Results showed that irrigation amount produced important differences in stem water potential, leaf area index and berry growth but cluster thinning did not significantly affect these parameters. However, cluster thinning independently of the irrigation amount, advanced by seven days grape maturity and largely affected the main grape quality parameters, increasing total soluble solids concentration, pH, total anthocyanins and phenolic content and reduced must yield. Wines made from grapes of the thinned treatments also had higher contents of anthocyanins, tanins and colour index. This increasing effect was more noticeable in the lower irrigation dose. Similarly, the higher irrigation amount reduced phenolic content of wines.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Conclusion</strong>: Both, lower irrigation rates and cluster thinning, despite decreased yield, improved wine composition. Overall thinning had a larger impact on grape and wine composition than irrigation.</p><p style="text-align: justify;"><strong>Significance and impact of study</strong>: In the semi-arid environment of the Extremadura region of Spain, irrigation in Tempranillo is important to obtain economically sound yield. However, the irrigation dose to apply might vary depending on the desired wine style. Irrigation to replace potential evapotranspiration should be avoided for premium wine production and, in these cases; deficit irrigation is probably preferred as a tool to increase yields but minimizing the negative effects on fruit and wine quality. Cluster thinning, performed just before veraison, can be also applied to accelerate ripening improving the overall fruit phenolic composition.</p>

scholarly journals Vineyard Floor Management and Cluster Thinning Inconsistently Affect ‘Pinot noir’ Crop Load, Berry Composition, and Wine Quality

HortScience ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 53 (3) ◽  
pp. 318-328 ◽  
Author(s):  
Alison L. Reeve ◽  
Patricia A. Skinkis ◽  
Amanda J. Vance ◽  
Katherine R. McLaughlin ◽  
Elizabeth Tomasino ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Fruit Yield ◽  
Pinot Noir ◽  
Soluble Solids ◽  
Photon Flux ◽  
Wine Quality ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
Red Fescue ◽  
Cluster Thinning ◽  
Berry Composition

Growers of high-end ‘Pinot noir’ wine grapes (Vitis vinifera L.) commonly reduce yield by cluster thinning with the goal of increasing fruit quality; however, there are no objectively defined yield targets to achieve optimum fruit composition. Canopy leaf area relative to fruit yield can affect total soluble solids (TSS), and recommendations have been established for warm wine grape production regions. However, the relationship between leaf area and photoassimilation differs among climates and training systems. Leaf area to yield (LA:Y) ratios developed in warm, arid regions may not be suitable for cool, wet regions such as western Oregon. A 3-year field study was conducted to elucidate relationships between canopy to yield ratios and berry composition for ‘Pinot noir’. Vegetative growth and fruit yield were manipulated through competitive cover cropping and cluster thinning. Growth was manipulated in three ways: perennial red fescue (Festuca rubra L.) was grown in 1) both (Grass), 2) one (Alternate), or 3) neither (Tilled) of the alleyways flanking the vine row. Within each vineyard floor treatment, fruit clusters were thinned to one per shoot (Half Crop) or vines were left unthinned (Full Crop). Floor management influenced both canopy size and yield because of altered vine nitrogen (N) status. Effects of crop load on berry components were not always consistent between the crop load metrics used [yield to pruning weight (Y:PW) ratio or LA:Y]. In 2 years, TSS reached a maximum at similar LA:Y; however, this did not necessarily produce optimum TSS. Yield had the greatest influence on pH and total anthocyanins (ACY) in the highest yielding, coolest year. Crop load metrics were not reliable predictors of TSS because of the dominant effect of seasonal variation. Relationships between canopy to yield metrics and other berry components were partially explained by tissue N, photosynthetic photon flux (PPF) through the cluster zone, and/or yield. Cluster thinning to adjust yields may not alter source to sink relationships or canopy to yield ratios enough to overcome ripening limitations in cool climates. Only one wine vintage had sensory differences with Alternate-Half Crop and Alternate-Full Crop wines ranked high quality and Tilled-Half Crop and Tilled-Full Crop wines ranked low quality by both consumer and winemaker panels. Therefore, cluster thinning may have limited impact on wine sensory properties.

scholarly journals Shoot and Cluster Thinning Influence Vegetative Growth, Fruit Yield, and Wine Quality of `Sauvignon blanc' Grapevines

2002 ◽  
Vol 127 (4) ◽  
pp. 628-634 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Naor ◽  
Y. Gal ◽  
B. Bravdo
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Weight Ratio ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Cluster Number ◽  
Wine Quality ◽  
Crop Load ◽  
Number Of Clusters ◽  
The Third ◽  
Cluster Thinning

Effects of two shoot densities (14 and 44 shoots/vine) and two crop levels (one and two fruit clusters per shoot) on yield, pruning weight, crop load, and juice and wine quality of field-grown `Sauvignon blanc' grape (Vitis vinifera L.) were studied in a factorial experiment over 3 years. Main shoot length, lateral shoot length and number, shoot diameter, leaf area per shoot, and specific leaf weight were greater at the lower compared with the higher shoot density for all years whereas pruning weight was significantly increased only in the third year. Crop yield increased proportionally with the number of clusters, up to 44 clusters per vine, by both shoot and cluster thinning; a lower rate of yield increase was apparent when the number of clusters per vine was increased further, probably because of increasing source limitation. Berry maturation was delayed in the 44 shoots per vine treatment. Unchanged soluble solids, higher total acidity, and lower pH in the 44-shoot vine treatment in the third year indicated that the effect of cluster number on the must quality was not due to delayed maturation. No effect of cluster number per shoot on vegetative parameters was apparent. Berry size and number were affected by cluster thinning only in the 44 shoot/vine treatment. Both the number of shoots per vine and the number of clusters per shoot affected wine sensory attributes. Herbaceous aroma scores increased with increasing pruning weight. The wine sensory evaluation score decreased with increasing crop load. Total wine sensory scores decreased with decreasing leaf area to fruit weight ratio below ≈18 cm2·g-1, whereas a critical value of the crop to pruning weight ratio, for wine quality, was not apparent. Crop load expressed as crop to pruning weight ratio (kg·kg-1) was highly correlated with fruit weight to leaf area ratio (g·cm-2) (r2 = 0.86), providing a biological rationale for the relevance of crop load and wine quality relations.

scholarly journals Utjecaj prorjeđivanja grozdova na kakvoću mošta kultivara Chardonnay u kutjevačkom vinogorju

2021 ◽  
Vol 82 (4) ◽  
pp. 173-184
Author(s):  
Valentina Obradović ◽  
Brankica Svitlica ◽  
Maja Ergović Ravančić ◽  
Svjetlana Škrabal ◽  
Helena Marčetić ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Lactic Acid ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Amino Nitrogen ◽  
Ammonia Nitrogen ◽  
Ammonium Nitrogen ◽  
Total Acidity ◽  
Number Of Clusters ◽  
Cluster Mass ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Cluster Thinning

Kutjevo wine-hills are located on southern slopes of Papuk and Krndija mountains. The area is the most famous by production of Graševina grapes, but increasing share of other varieties cannot be ignored. Chardonnay is the most widespread variety all over the world, and in Požeško-slavonska county is represented by 5 % of total vineyards area. The aim of this research was to determine the influence of cluster thinning in Kutjevo wine-hills on maturation and must quality of Chardonnay grapes. Research was conducted in 2020 in Podgorje location (Kutjevo wine-hills). Experiment was established by a randomized block schedule in two treatments with three repetitions. Five vines in a row makes one repetition. The following parameters have been determined: sugar content and total acidity in grapes in period of one month before harvest, number of clusters per vine, cluster mass, mass of 100 berries, density, total acidity, volatile acidity, tartaric acid, malic acid, lactic acid, pH, reducing sugars, extract, glucose, fructose, glycerol, alfa amino nitrogen, ammonia nitrogen and potassium. Results have showed that cluster thinning had a significant influence on cluster mass and number of clusters per vine, but majority of chemical parameters were not significantly different between two treatments. Statistically significant difference was only in case of pH, lactic acid and ammonium nitrogen

scholarly journals Fruit and Wine Quality on Maturing Time of Korea New Grape Cultivar 'Doonuri'

2012 ◽  
Vol 19 (6) ◽  
pp. 882-892 ◽  
Author(s):  
Eun Ha Chang ◽  
Sung Min Jeong ◽  
Jung Ho Noh ◽  
Kyo Sun Park ◽  
Byung Sun Lim
Keyword(s):  
Wine Quality ◽  
Grape Cultivar

scholarly journals Shoot thinning of Semillon in a hot climate did not improve yield and berry and wine quality

OENO One ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 54 (3) ◽  
pp. 469-484
Author(s):  
Roberta De Bei ◽  
Lukas Papagiannis ◽  
Sigfredo Fuentes ◽  
Matthew Gilliham ◽  
Steve Tyerman ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Yield Components ◽  
Management Practice ◽  
Shoot Density ◽  
Sensory Profile ◽  
Canopy Architecture ◽  
Wine Quality ◽  
White Variety ◽  
Hot Climate ◽  
Cane Weight

Aim: Shoot thinning is a common canopy management practice used to obtain a desired shoot density and to improve canopy microclimate. Since thinning is often carried out manually, the cost can be high. In this study the effect of severe shoot thinning (50 % of shoots removed) applied at EL 15 was investigated by comparing yield components, canopy size, berry and wine chemistry, and sensory attributes to a non-thinned control for the variety Semillon. The objective was to determine whether shoot thinning could change canopy architecture and lead to improved fruit and wine chemistry and sensory characteristics.Methods and results: The trial was carried out over four consecutive growing seasons (starting in 2014-15) in the Semillon block of the Coombe vineyard (Waite Campus, the University of Adelaide). Canopy architecture was monitored at key phenological stages in each season and yield components were assessed at harvest. The harvested fruit was used for chemical and sensory analysis of the berries. Wines were made and their chemistry and sensorial attributes assessed. Shoot thinning reduced the total leaf area in only two of the four seasons, but single shoot leaf area and cane weight were higher in shoot-thinned vines in all seasons. Shoot thinning did not reduce yield, despite a large reduction in bunch number, because of increased bunch weight. Shoot thinning did not change berry and wine chemistry. Similarly, little differences were observed in the sensory profile of berries and wines, and the assessors preferred the wines obtained from shoot thinned vines in the last season only.Conclusions: In this study, shoot thinning increased the leaf area per shoot and the cane weight, but yield and grape and wine chemistry were unaffected. The vine balance indices leaf area/yield and yield/pruning weight were also unaffected by the treatment, despite its intensity (50 % of shoots removed).Significance and impact of the study: The practice of shoot thinning when applied at EL stage 15 (8-9 leaves separated) was not effective as a technique to improve canopy microclimate and berry and wine chemistry for the white variety Semillon in a hot Australian climate. By not applying shoot thinning growers could potentially make significant savings without affecting yield or wine properties. Further research is needed to explore the effect and timing of shoot thinning on other varieties and in different environments.

scholarly journals Modeling grape quality by multivariate analysis of viticulture practices, soil and climate

OENO One ◽  
2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Beauchet ◽  
Véronique Cariou ◽  
Christel Renaud-Gentie ◽  
Michel Meunier ◽  
René Siret ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Tartaric Acid ◽  
Malic Acid ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Quality Criterion ◽  
Quality Criteria ◽  
Climate Variables ◽  
Available Nitrogen ◽  
Protected Designation Of Origin ◽  
Grape Quality ◽  
Bunch Rot

Aims. The present study aims to model grape quality criteria by combining a large number of viticultural practices and soil and climate variables related to the main determinants.Methods and results. A database has been developed using the Chenin Blanc grape variety in a Protected Designation of Origin. A statistical model, namely a Partial Least Squares (PLS) regression, has been determined for each grape quality criterion (sugar content, total acidity, malic acid, tartaric acid, available nitrogen, pH and bunch rot). This statistical analysis identifies the main viticultural practices and soil and climate variables related to the grape quality at harvest. The results highlight relationships between the length of vine pruning and pH and malic acid but even more significant relationships with tartaric acid, available nitrogen and bunch rot.Conclusion. The models point out the most relevant viticultural practices and soil and climate variables for the explanation of each grape quality criterion studied.Significance and impact of the study. The results provide a better understanding of the major variables that influence grape quality.

scholarly journals CONTENT OF SUGARS IN FRESH GRAPES AND RAISINS, AND FRESH AND DRIED APRICOT: A COMPARATIVE STUDY

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (11) ◽  
pp. 177-186
Author(s):  
MahaAbdalla Alnuwaiser
Keyword(s):  
High Performance Liquid Chromatography ◽  
High Performance ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Deionized Water ◽  
The Other ◽  
Total Sugars ◽  
Red Grapes ◽  
Red Grape ◽  
High Level

Sugars, mainly fructose, glucose, maltose and sucrose ratios in the fresh red grape and raisins and in the fresh and dried apricot fruit were determined by High Performance Liquid Chromatography, HPLC, equipped with Ec 250/4.6 Nucleodur 100-5 NH2-RP column and Refractometer -RID as a detector. Each type of the four samples was separately homogenized after removing the seeds from the samples before crushing, and in this study the deionized water was used for extraction of sugars. The ratio of each sugar in the four investigated cultivars was compared as well as comparing the contents of total sugars between these types, and it became obvious that fructose and glucose recorded significant increase rather than sucrose and maltose in these cultivars. Comparison has also been conducted for determination of fructose, glucose, maltose and sucrose ratios between the fresh red grapes and raisins on one hand, and between the fresh apricot fruit and dried apricot on the other. The study showed that the raisins contain high level of fructose, glucose, maltose and sucrose compared to the fresh grapes. Moreover, the sugar content in the dried apricot was higher than the sugar contents in the fresh apricot fruit.

scholarly journals Effects of Irrigation on Wine Grape Growth and Fruit Quality

2000 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 162-168 ◽  
Author(s):  
Richard Allen Hamman ◽  
Imed Eddine Dami
Keyword(s):  
Soil Moisture ◽  
Fruit Quality ◽  
Cold Hardiness ◽  
Sugar Content ◽  
Soluble Sugar ◽  
Irrigation Management ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Field Studies ◽  
Fruit Weight ◽  
Wine Quality

Field studies were conducted to determine the effect of three drip irrigation regimes on grapevine growth, juice and wine quality, soil moisture, cold hardiness of bud and cane tissues and soluble sugar content of cortical cane tissues of Vitis vinifera, Linnaeus `Cabernet Sauvignon'. This study was developed to help provide some irrigation management strategies that would improve fruit quality and reduce excessive vigor. Irrigation treatments of 192, 96, and 48 L (51, 25, and 13 gal) per vine per week were initiated at bud break until veraison (initiation of berry color) and then reduced by 25% through harvest. Significant differences of fruit weight per vine, crop load, soil moisture, average berry and cluster weight, shoot length and pruning weight per meter of canopy row were observed among treatments. Juice and wine compositions and wine color were also significantly different; however, cold hardiness and soluble sugar contents did not differ between treatments.

scholarly journals (117) Grape Cultivar Preference and Organic Control of Japanese Beetles (Popillia japonica)

HortScience ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 41 (4) ◽  
pp. 1067E-1068
Author(s):  
Sanjun Gu ◽  
Kirk Pomper
Keyword(s):  
Leaf Area ◽  
Feeding Preference ◽  
Feeding Deterrents ◽  
Popillia Japonica ◽  
Water Control ◽  
Grape Cultivar ◽  
Feeding Study ◽  
Leaf Area Loss ◽  
Choice Feeding ◽  
High Label

Feeding by Japanese beetles (JB) can damage grape leaves and result in a loss of vine leaf area, thus reducing both yield and fruit quality. The objectives of this study were to determine if there was a grape cultivar feeding preference by JBs and whether application of organic feeding deterrents to leaves would reduce damage by JBs. Eleven American and hybrid grape cultivars were evaluated in a choice feeding study in cages, where 15 JBs per vine were introduced for 48 hours. The number of leaves damaged by JBs varied by cultivar. `Chardonel' (43%) had fewer damaged leaves than `Seyval' (78%), `Edelweiss' (74%), `Norton' (63%), and `Vignoles' (63%). The leaf area lost by feeding varied by cultivar, with `Lacrosse' (15%) showing the least damage and `Seyval' the most (40%). In another JB choice feeding study with organic feeding deterrents, Surround (at label rate) and Neemix 4.5 [at high label rate (A) or doubled high label rate (B)] were compared to a water control with `Chardonel', `Traminette', and `Vignoles' grapes. Surround and Neemix 4.5 applied at level A reduced the number of damaged leaves compared to the control; however, Neemix 4.5 at level B showed similar damage to the control. Loss of leaf area due to feeding of JBs was greatest on vines treated with Neemix 4.5 at level B and least on those treated with Surround, although this loss of leaf area was not significantly different between the two Neemix 4.5 treatments. Vines treated with Surround had the least leaf area loss, followed by the control, Neemix 4.5 at level A, and Neemix 4.5 at level B.

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