scholarly journals Effects of Exogenous Spermidine on Carbon and Nitrogen Metabolism in Tomato Seedlings under High Temperature

2016 ◽  
Vol 141 (4) ◽  
pp. 381-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xi Shan ◽  
Heng Zhou ◽  
Ting Sang ◽  
Sheng Shu ◽  
Jin Sun ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Glutamate Synthase ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
N Assimilation ◽  
N Metabolism ◽  
Exogenous Spermidine

We investigated the effects of exogenous spermidine (Spd) on the carbohydrate, nitrogen (N), and endogenous polyamine status of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) seedlings exposed to high-temperature stress [38/28 °C (day/night)]. High-temperature stress reduced the contents of pyruvate and succinate and inhibited plant growth. The application of exogenous Spd alleviated the inhibition of plant growth induced by high temperature, and also led to an increase in pyruvate, citrate, and succinate levels. High temperature markedly increased the NH4+-N content and reduced the activities of nitrate reductase (NR), glutamine synthetase (GS), and glutamate dehydrogenase (GDH). Spd significantly alleviated the negative effects on NH4+-N assimilation induced by high-temperature stress. Moreover, Spd significantly increased the activities of NR and GDH in the high-temperature-stressed tomato leaves. In contrast, Spd application to high-temperature-stressed plant leaves counteracted high-temperature-induced mRNA expression changes in N metabolism. Spd significantly upregulated the transcriptional levels of NR, nitrite reductase, GS, GDH, and glutamate synthase (GOGAT). In addition, exogenous Spd significantly increased endogenous polyamines. These results suggest that Spd could improve carbohydrate and N status through regulating the gene expression and activity of key enzymes for N metabolism, thus confers the tolerance to high temperature on tomato seedlings.

Exogenous spermidine enhances the photosynthesis and ultrastructure of lettuce seedlings under high-temperature stress

2022 ◽  
Vol 291 ◽  
pp. 110570
Author(s):  
Xiaoyu Yang ◽  
Yingyan Han ◽  
Jinghong Hao ◽  
Xiaoxiao Qin ◽  
Chaojie Liu ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Exogenous Spermidine

scholarly journals Beneficial Role of Exogenous Spermidine on Nitrogen Metabolism in Tomato Seedlings Exposed to Saline-alkaline Stress

2013 ◽  
Vol 138 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yi Zhang ◽  
Xiao-Hui Hu ◽  
Yu Shi ◽  
Zhi-Rong Zou ◽  
Fei Yan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Plant Growth ◽  
Nitrogen Metabolism ◽  
Glutamate Synthase ◽  
Differential Sensitivity ◽  
Nitrate Content ◽  
Alkaline Stress ◽  
Metabolic Disturbances ◽  
Tomato Seedlings ◽  
Exogenous Spermidine

We studied the effects of exogenous spermidine (Spd) on plant growth and nitrogen metabolism in two cultivars of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) that have differential sensitivity to mixed salinity-alkalinity stress: ‘Jinpeng Chaoguan’ (salt-tolerant) and ‘Zhongza No. 9’ (salt-sensitive). Seedling growth of both tomato cultivars was inhibited by salinity-alkalinity stress, but Spd treatment alleviated the growth reduction to some extent, especially in ‘Zhongza No. 9’. Exogenous Spd may help reduce stress-induced increases in free amino acids, ammonium (NH4+) contents, and NADH-dependent glutamate dehydrogenase (NADH-GDH) activities; depress stress-induced decreases in soluble protein and nitrate content; and depress nitrate reductase, nitrite reductase, glutamine synthetase (GS), NADH-dependent glutamate synthase (NADH-GOGAT), glutamate oxaloacetate transaminase (GOT), and glutamate pyruvate transaminase (GPT) activities, especially for ‘Zhongza No. 9’. Based on our results, we suggest that exogenous Spd promotes the assimilation of excess toxic NH4+ by coordinating and strengthening the synergistic action of NADH-GDH, GS/NADH-GOGAT, and transamination pathways, all during saline-alkaline stress. Subsequently, NH4+ and its related enzymes (GDH, GS, GOGAT, GOT, and GPT), in vivo, are maintained in a proper and balanced state to enable mitigation of stress-resulted damages. These results suggest that exogenous Spd treatment can relieve nitrogen metabolic disturbances caused by salinity-alkalinity stress and eventually promote plant growth.

scholarly journals WRKY Transcription Factor Response to High-Temperature Stress

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 2211
Author(s):  
Zhuoya Cheng ◽  
Yuting Luan ◽  
Jiasong Meng ◽  
Jing Sun ◽  
Jun Tao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Plant Growth ◽  
Signaling Pathways ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Molecular Mechanisms ◽  
Target Genes ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Research Progress ◽  
Plant Responses ◽  
Gene Promoters

Plant growth and development are closely related to the environment, and high-temperature stress is an important environmental factor that affects these processes. WRKY transcription factors (TFs) play important roles in plant responses to high-temperature stress. WRKY TFs can bind to the W-box cis-acting elements of target gene promoters, thereby regulating the expression of multiple types of target genes and participating in multiple signaling pathways in plants. A number of studies have shown the important biological functions and working mechanisms of WRKY TFs in plant responses to high temperature. However, there are few reviews that summarize the research progress on this topic. To fully understand the role of WRKY TFs in the response to high temperature, this paper reviews the structure and regulatory mechanism of WRKY TFs, as well as the related signaling pathways that regulate plant growth under high-temperature stress, which have been described in recent years, and this paper provides references for the further exploration of the molecular mechanisms underlying plant tolerance to high temperature.

scholarly journals Exogenous Spermidine Alleviates the Oxidative Damage in Cucumber Seedlings Subjected to High Temperatures

2012 ◽  
Vol 137 (1) ◽  
pp. 11-19 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jing Tian ◽  
Li-Ping Wang ◽  
Yan-Juan Yang ◽  
Jin Sun ◽  
Shi-Rong Guo
Keyword(s):  
High Temperature ◽  
Oxidative Damage ◽  
Temperature Stress ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Antioxidant Activities ◽  
Foliar Spray ◽  
High Temperature Stress ◽  
Antioxidant Ability ◽  
Cucumber Seedlings ◽  
Exogenous Spermidine

Heat tolerance is considered to be an essential feature for cucumber (Cucumis sativus) production, and it has been suggested that higher antioxidant ability could prevent the oxidative damage in plants caused by high-temperature stress. We aimed to investigate whether the application of exogenous spermidine (Spd) increases antioxidant activities and, therefore, elevates the heat tolerance of cucumber. Cucumber seedlings (cv. Jinchun No. 4) showing moderate heat tolerance were grown in climate chambers to investigate the effects of exogenous Spd (1 mm) foliar spray treatment on the activities and isozyme levels of antioxidative enzymes under both high-temperature stress 42/32 °C (day/night) and normal temperature 28/18 °C (day/night). On high-temperature stress, the activities of superoxide dismutase and ascorbate peroxidase were significantly reduced; the catalase activity was initially lower and then increased, whereas the peroxidase activity was initially higher and then decreased. The levels of these isozymes also changed differently. On treatment with exogenous Spd, the activities of these antioxidant enzymes were noticeably enhanced, and the isozyme zymogram expression had some changes. It was concluded that foliar spray with Spd effectively improved the total antioxidant ability of cucumber seedlings and, therefore, enhanced the tolerance of the plants to high-temperature stress.

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