scholarly journals Novel Sources of Resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici Race 3 Among Solanum pennellii Accessions

2022 ◽  
Vol 147 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
Jian Li ◽  
Jessica Chitwood-Brown ◽  
Gurleen Kaur ◽  
Joanne A. Labate ◽  
G.E. Vallad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Genotyping By Sequencing ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Solanum Pennellii ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Wild Tomato Species ◽  
Tomato Species

Fusarium wilt of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), caused by fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol), is one of the most important diseases in tomato production. Three races of the pathogen are described, and race-specific resistance genes have been applied in commercial tomato cultivars for controlling the disease. Race 3 (Fol3) threatens tomato production in many regions around the world, and novel resistance resources could expand the diversity and durability of Fol resistance. The wild tomato species, Solanum pennellii, is reported to harbor broad resistance to Fol and was the source of two known Fol3 resistance genes. In this study, we evaluated 42 S. pennellii accessions for resistance to each fusarium wilt race. F1 plants, developed from crossing each accession with the Fol3 susceptible line ‘Suncoast’, were evaluated for Fol3 resistance, and BC1F1 plants were screened to determine the likelihood that Fol3 resistance was based on a novel locus (loci). Nearly all accessions showed resistance to Fol3, and many accessions were resistant to all races. Evaluation of F1 plants indicated a dominant resistance effect to Fol3 from most accessions. Genetic analysis indicated 24 accessions are expected to contain one or more novel Fol3 resistance loci other than an allele near the I-3 locus. To investigate genetic structure of the S. pennellii accessions used in this study, we genotyped all 42 accessions using genotyping by sequencing. Approximately 20% of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci were heterozygous across accessions, likely due to the outcrossing nature of the species. Genetic structure analysis at 49,120 unique SNP loci across accessions identified small but obvious genetic differentiations.

scholarly journals Fine mapping, functional analysis and pyramiding of genes controlling begomovirus resistance in tomato

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ilan Levin ◽  
John W. Scott ◽  
Moshe Lapidot ◽  
Moshe Reuveni
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Dna Markers ◽  
Durable Resistance ◽  
Linkage Drag ◽  
Tomato Genome ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Wild Tomato ◽  
Resistance Sources ◽  
Wild Tomato Species ◽  
Tomato Species

Abstract. Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV), a monopartitebegomovirus, is one of the most devastating viruses of cultivated tomatoes and poses increasing threat to tomato production worldwide. Because all accessions of the cultivated tomato are susceptible to these viruses, wild tomato species have become a valuable resource of resistance genes. QTL controlling resistance to TYLCV and other begomoviruses (Ty loci) were introgressed from several wild tomato species and mapped to the tomato genome. Additionally, a non-isogenic F₁diallel study demonstrated that several of these resistance sources may interact with each other, and in some cases generate hybrid plants displaying lower symptoms and higher fruit yield compared to their parental lines, while their respective resistance genes are not necessarily allelic. This suggests that pyramiding genes originating from different resistance sources can be effective in obtaining lines and cultivars which are highly resistant to begomoviruses. Molecular tools needed to test this hypothesis have been developed by our labs and can thus significantly improve our understanding of the mechanisms of begomovirus resistance and how to efficiently exploit them to develop wider and more durable resistance. Five non-allelic Ty loci with relatively major effects have been mapped to the tomato genome using molecular DNA markers, thereby establishing tools for efficient marker assisted selection, pyramiding of multiple genes, and map based gene cloning: Ty-1, Ty-2, Ty-3, Ty-4, and ty-5. This research focused on Ty-3 and Ty-4 due to their broad range of resistance to different begomoviruses, including ToMoV, and on ty-5 due to its exceptionally high level of resistance to TYLCV and other begomoviruses. Our aims were: (1) clone Ty-3, and fine map Ty-4 and Ty-5 genes, (2)introgress each gene into two backgroundsand develop semi isogenic lines harboring all possible combinations of the three genes while minimizing linkage-drag, (3) test the resulting lines, and F₁ hybrids made with them, for symptom severity and yield components, and (4) identify and functionally characterize candidate genes that map to chromosomal segments which harbor the resistance loci. During the course of this research we have: (1) found that the allelic Ty-1 and Ty-3 represent two alternative alleles of the gene coding DFDGD-RDRP; (2) found that ty-5is highly likely encoded by the messenger RNA surveillance factor PELOTA (validation is at progress with positive results); (3) continued the map-based cloning of Ty-4; (4) generated all possible gene combinations among Ty-1, Ty-3 and ty-5, including their F₁ counterparts, and tested them for TYLCV and ToMoV resistance; (5) found that the symptomless line TY172, carrying ty-5, also carries a novel allele of Ty-1 (termed Ty-1ⱽ). The main scientific and agricultural implications of this research are as follows: (1) We have developed recombination free DNA markers that will substantially facilitate the introgression of Ty-1, Ty-3 and ty-5 as well as their combinations; (2) We have identified the genes controlling TYLCV resistance at the Ty-1/Ty-3 and ty-5 loci, thus enabling an in-depth analyses of the mechanisms that facilitate begomovirus resistance; (3) Pyramiding of Ty resistance loci is highly effective in providing significantly higher TYLCV resistance.

scholarly journals Natural Variation in Portuguese Common Bean Germplasm Reveals New Sources of Resistance Against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli and Resistance-Associated Candidate Genes

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 633-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana T. Leitão ◽  
Marcos Malosetti ◽  
Qijan Song ◽  
Fred van Eeuwijk ◽  
Diego Rubiales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Functional Markers ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Primary Metabolism ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Wilt Resistance ◽  
Fusarium Wilt Resistance

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is one of the most consumed legume crops in the world, and Fusarium wilt, caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli, is one of the major diseases affecting its production. Portugal holds a very promising common bean germplasm with an admixed genetic background that may reveal novel genetic resistance combinations between the original Andean and Mesoamerican gene pools. To identify new sources of Fusarium wilt resistance and detect resistance-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), we explored, for the first time, a diverse collection of the underused Portuguese common bean germplasm by using genome-wide association analyses. The collection was evaluated for Fusarium wilt resistance under growth chamber conditions, with the highly virulent F. oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli strain FOP-SP1 race 6. Fourteen of the 162 Portuguese accessions evaluated were highly resistant and 71 intermediate. The same collection was genotyped with DNA sequencing arrays, and SNP–resistance associations were tested via a mixed linear model accounting for the genetic relatedness between accessions. The results from the association mapping revealed nine SNPs associated with resistance on chromosomes Pv04, Pv05, Pv07, and Pv08, indicating that Fusarium wilt resistance is under oligogenic control. Putative candidate genes related to phytoalexin biosynthesis, hypersensitive response, and plant primary metabolism were identified. The results reported here highlight the importance of exploring underused germplasm for new sources of resistance and provide new genomic targets for the development of functional markers to support selection in future disease resistance breeding programs.

scholarly journals Potential Sources of Resistance to Fusarium Wilt and Powdery Mildew in Melons

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1657-1660 ◽  
Author(s):  
José María Alvarez ◽  
Rafael González-Torres ◽  
Cristina Mallor ◽  
María Luisa Gómez-Guillamón
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Sphaerotheca Fuliginea ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Artificial Inoculations

In total, 139 Cucumis melo accessions were evaluated for resistance to races 0, 1, and 2 of Fusarium oxysporum fsp. melonis and 127 accessions were evaluated for resistance to races 1 and 2 of Sphaerotheca fuliginea. In addition, seven C. melo wild relatives were also tested. Artificial inoculations were performed and plants were scored for presence or absence of symptoms. The screening revealed that sources of natural resistance to these fungi are limited. However, several sources of resistance were found in C. melo accessions. Thus, the accession `CUM-334' from Tajikistan has shown resistance to the three races of F. oxysporum fsp. melonis, behaving similarly to the melon inbred line `MR1'. Two accessions of C. melo var. conomon, `CUM-190' and `Shiroubi Okayama', from Japan, were resistant to races 0 and 1 and twelve accessions were resistant to races 0 and 2. Intra-specific variability for resistance to powdery mildew in C. melo was found to be poor. Nevertheless, six Spanish cultivars and the accessions `TGR-1551', `CUM-313', and `CUM-129' were resistant to races 1 and 2 of S. fuliginea.

scholarly journals Breeding for Resistance to Fusarium Wilt of Tomato: A Review

Genes ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (11) ◽  
pp. 1673
Author(s):  
Jessica Chitwood-Brown ◽  
Gary E. Vallad ◽  
Tong Geon Lee ◽  
Samuel F. Hutton
Keyword(s):  
Molecular Markers ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Host Resistance ◽  
R Gene ◽  
Effective Strategy ◽  
R Genes ◽  
Wild Tomato Species ◽  
Tomato Species ◽  
Mapping Gene ◽  
Tomato Breeding

For over a century, breeders have worked to develop tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) cultivars with resistance to Fusarium wilt (Fol) caused by the soilborne fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici. Host resistance is the most effective strategy for the management of this disease. For each of the three Fol races, resistance has been introgressed from wild tomato species, predominately in the form of R genes. The I, I-2, I-3, and I-7 R genes have each been identified, as well as the corresponding Avr effectors in the fungus with the exception of Avr7. The mechanisms by which the R gene protein products recognize these effectors, however, has not been elucidated. Extensive genetic mapping, gene cloning, and genome sequencing efforts support the development of tightly-linked molecular markers, which greatly expedite tomato breeding and the development of elite, Fol resistant cultivars. These resources also provide important tools for pyramiding resistance genes and should support the durability of host resistance.

scholarly journals Pea Fusarium wilt races in western Algeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
A. Merzoug ◽  
L. Belabid ◽  
M. Youcef-Benkada ◽  
F. Benfreha ◽  
B. Bayaa
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Pathogen Variability ◽  
Western Algeria ◽  
Differential Hosts ◽  
Pathogenic Variability

The fungus Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. pisi (FOP), the pea wilt pathogen, causes appreciable yield losses under favourable environmental conditions in Algeria. Studies on the pathogen variability and distribution of races are essential to identify effective sources of resistance to this disease. In this study, a survey was conducted during the period 2007–2011 in four different agro-climatic zones. Pathogenic variability in 52 isolates of FOP, collected from different pea-growing areas of western Algeria, were evaluated using 7 genotypes as differential hosts. Results indicated that the disease was prevalent in all fields prospected and isolates obtained were assigned to Races 1, 2, 5 or 6 by their pathogenicity. It was found out that Races 1 and 2 were more common in all areas with 61.5 and 19.2%, respectively. This study is the first report of pea Fusarium wilt races distribution in Algeria.  

scholarly journals Agronomic characteristics of tomato plant cultivar Santa Cruz Kada grafted on species of the genus Solanum

2017 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 419-424 ◽  
Author(s):  
André R Zeist ◽  
Juliano TV Resende ◽  
Israel FL Silva ◽  
João RF Oliveira ◽  
Cacilda MDR Faria ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Block Design ◽  
Fruit Production ◽  
Santa Cruz ◽  
Solanum Pennellii ◽  
Tomato Cultivar ◽  
Production Characteristic ◽  
Average Mass ◽  
Wild Tomato Species ◽  
Tomato Species ◽  
Grafting Methods

ABSTRACT In this study were evaluated gas exchanges, fruit production and fruit quality of tomato Santa Cruz Kada grafted onto different species of the genus Solanum, using two grafting methods. For the grafted tomato cultivation, the authors used a randomized complete block design, in a 8x2 factorial scheme, evaluating eight rootstocks: accessions of mini tomatos (0224-5, RVTC 57, RVTC 20 and 6889-50); wild tomato species Solanum habrochaites var. hirsutum (PI-127826); Solanum pennellii (LA716); Solanum sessiliflorum (cubiu); and tomato cultivar Santa Cruz Kada (self-grafting, control), and two grafting methods {cleft grafting (FC) and approach grafting (EC)}. The authors verified a significant interaction between rootstock x grafting method. The S. pennellii rootstock provided the best results for physico-chemical characteristics, when grafted using the cleft method. However, the same method, along with cubiu rootstock, presented lower fruit production. Considering the gas exchange and productive characteristics, S. habrochaites as rootstock for tomato Santa Cruz provided the best results for photosynthetic yield and water use efficiency, and for the commercial fruit production characteristic, both grafting methods, and for the average mass of commercial fruits when grafted using FC, with about 5.03 kg/plant and 163.5 g/fruit, respectively. In relation to the grafting methods, the cleft showed to be the most suitable.

scholarly journals Evolution of NLR resistance genes with noncanonical N‐terminal domains in wild tomato species

2020 ◽  
Vol 227 (5) ◽  
pp. 1530-1543 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kyungyong Seong ◽  
Eunyoung Seo ◽  
Kamil Witek ◽  
Meng Li ◽  
Brian Staskawicz
Keyword(s):  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Wild Tomato ◽  
Wild Tomato Species ◽  
Tomato Species ◽  
Terminal Domains

scholarly journals Characterization of 15-cis-ζ-Carotene Isomerase Z-ISO in Cultivated and Wild Tomato Species Differing in Ripe Fruit Pigmentation

Plants ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (11) ◽  
pp. 2365
Author(s):  
Gleb I. Efremov ◽  
Anna V. Shchennikova ◽  
Elena Z. Kochieva
Keyword(s):  
Regulatory Elements ◽  
Fruit Color ◽  
Carotenoid Content ◽  
Fleshy Fruit ◽  
Ripe Fruit ◽  
Solanum Pennellii ◽  
Wild Tomato ◽  
Wild Tomato Species ◽  
Tomato Species ◽  
The Difference

Isomerization of 9,15,9′-tri-cis-ζ-carotene mediated by 15-cis-ζ-carotene isomerase Z-ISO is a critical step in the biosynthesis of carotenoids, which define fruit color. The tomato clade (Solanum section Lycopersicon) comprises the cultivated tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and 12 related wild species differing in fruit color and, thus, represents a good model for studying carotenogenesis in fleshy fruit. In this study, we identified homologous Z-ISO genes, including 5′-UTRs and promoter regions, in 12 S. lycopersicum cultivars and 5 wild tomato species (red-fruited Solanum pimpinellifolium, yellow-fruited Solanum cheesmaniae, and green-fruited Solanum chilense, Solanum habrochaites, and Solanum pennellii). Z-ISO homologs had a highly conserved structure, suggesting that Z-ISO performs a similar function in tomato species despite the difference in their fruit color. Z-ISO transcription levels positively correlated with the carotenoid content in ripe fruit of the tomatoes. An analysis of the Z-ISO promoter and 5′-UTR sequences revealed over 130 cis-regulatory elements involved in response to light, stresses, and hormones, and in the binding of transcription factors. Green- and red/yellow-fruited Solanum species differed in the number and position of cis-elements, indicating changes in the transcriptional regulation of Z-ISO expression during tomato evolution, which likely contribute to the difference in fruit color.

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