scholarly journals Potential Sources of Resistance to Fusarium Wilt and Powdery Mildew in Melons

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (6) ◽  
pp. 1657-1660 ◽  
Author(s):  
José María Alvarez ◽  
Rafael González-Torres ◽  
Cristina Mallor ◽  
María Luisa Gómez-Guillamón
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Natural Resistance ◽  
Sphaerotheca Fuliginea ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Potential Sources ◽  
Artificial Inoculations

In total, 139 Cucumis melo accessions were evaluated for resistance to races 0, 1, and 2 of Fusarium oxysporum fsp. melonis and 127 accessions were evaluated for resistance to races 1 and 2 of Sphaerotheca fuliginea. In addition, seven C. melo wild relatives were also tested. Artificial inoculations were performed and plants were scored for presence or absence of symptoms. The screening revealed that sources of natural resistance to these fungi are limited. However, several sources of resistance were found in C. melo accessions. Thus, the accession `CUM-334' from Tajikistan has shown resistance to the three races of F. oxysporum fsp. melonis, behaving similarly to the melon inbred line `MR1'. Two accessions of C. melo var. conomon, `CUM-190' and `Shiroubi Okayama', from Japan, were resistant to races 0 and 1 and twelve accessions were resistant to races 0 and 2. Intra-specific variability for resistance to powdery mildew in C. melo was found to be poor. Nevertheless, six Spanish cultivars and the accessions `TGR-1551', `CUM-313', and `CUM-129' were resistant to races 1 and 2 of S. fuliginea.

scholarly journals `PMR Delicious 51': An Improved Open-pollinated Melon with Resistance to Powdery Mildew

HortScience ◽  
2005 ◽  
Vol 40 (1) ◽  
pp. 261-262 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mark J. Henning ◽  
Henry M. Munger ◽  
Molly M. Jahn
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Plant Breeding ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Agricultural Experiment Station ◽  
Cornell University ◽  
Experiment Station ◽  
Agricultural Experiment ◽  
Race 2

`PMR Delicious 51' is a new and improved version of the `Delicious 51' eastern type melon (Cucumis melo L.). It was developed in the Department of Plant Breeding at the Cornell University Agricultural Experiment Station in Ithaca, N.Y. It is well adapted for northeastern U.S. conditions and shows potential for good adaptation in the northwest. It is well suited for home gardeners, market gardeners, and commercial growers who want to grow an open-pollinated (OP) melon. `PMR Delicious 51' has excellent resistance to powdery mildew races 1 and 2 (Podosphaera xanthi) and resistance to fusarium wilt (Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis) race 2.

scholarly journals Novel Source of Biotic Stress Resistance Identified from Brassica Species and its Wild Relatives

Proceedings ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 36 (1) ◽  
pp. 195
Author(s):  
Rashmi Yadav ◽  
J. Nanjundan ◽  
Ashish K. Gupta ◽  
Mahesh Rao ◽  
Jameel Akhtar ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Disease Severity ◽  
Insect Pests ◽  
Indian Mustard ◽  
Wild Relatives ◽  
Lepidium Sativum ◽  
Sclerotinia Stem Rot ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Alternaria Blight ◽  
White Rust

In rapeseed and mustard, the major diseases (downy mildew, white rust, Alternaria blight and Sclerotinia stem rot) cause 37–47%loss in pod formation and 17–54% reduction in grain yield. The identification of new sources of resistance is a high priority in breeding programs. About 3000 germplasm accessions of Indian mustard were evaluated under multiple environments (3 seasons) at hot spots (4 locations) and under artificial epiphytophic conditions against insect pests and diseases (aphids, white rust, powdery mildew and Alternaria blight). Accessions IC265495, IC313380, EC766091, EC766133, EC766134, EC766192, EC766230, EC766272 were identified as highly resistant to white rust (A. candida) with disease severity reaction (Percent disease severity Index, PDI = 0) under artificial inoculation. Accession RDV 29 showed the inheritance of resistant source for powdery mildew in Indian mustard. Screening of brassica wild relatives (about 25 species) for white rust found that Brassica fruticulosa, Brassica tournefortii, Camelina sativa, Diplotaxis assurgens, D. catholica, D. cretacia, D. Erucoides, D. Muralis, Lepidium sativum had highly resistance (PDI = 0) to Delhi isolates of white rust. Several traits identified from cultivated and related species will be useful for genetic improvement of rapeseed and mustard.

scholarly journals Natural Variation in Portuguese Common Bean Germplasm Reveals New Sources of Resistance Against Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli and Resistance-Associated Candidate Genes

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (3) ◽  
pp. 633-647 ◽  
Author(s):  
Susana T. Leitão ◽  
Marcos Malosetti ◽  
Qijan Song ◽  
Fred van Eeuwijk ◽  
Diego Rubiales ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Common Bean ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Candidate Genes ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Functional Markers ◽  
Gene Pools ◽  
Primary Metabolism ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Wilt Resistance ◽  
Fusarium Wilt Resistance

Common bean (Phaseolus vulgaris) is one of the most consumed legume crops in the world, and Fusarium wilt, caused by the fungus Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli, is one of the major diseases affecting its production. Portugal holds a very promising common bean germplasm with an admixed genetic background that may reveal novel genetic resistance combinations between the original Andean and Mesoamerican gene pools. To identify new sources of Fusarium wilt resistance and detect resistance-associated single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs), we explored, for the first time, a diverse collection of the underused Portuguese common bean germplasm by using genome-wide association analyses. The collection was evaluated for Fusarium wilt resistance under growth chamber conditions, with the highly virulent F. oxysporum f. sp. phaseoli strain FOP-SP1 race 6. Fourteen of the 162 Portuguese accessions evaluated were highly resistant and 71 intermediate. The same collection was genotyped with DNA sequencing arrays, and SNP–resistance associations were tested via a mixed linear model accounting for the genetic relatedness between accessions. The results from the association mapping revealed nine SNPs associated with resistance on chromosomes Pv04, Pv05, Pv07, and Pv08, indicating that Fusarium wilt resistance is under oligogenic control. Putative candidate genes related to phytoalexin biosynthesis, hypersensitive response, and plant primary metabolism were identified. The results reported here highlight the importance of exploring underused germplasm for new sources of resistance and provide new genomic targets for the development of functional markers to support selection in future disease resistance breeding programs.

scholarly journals Genes for Resistance to Powdery Mildew Races 1 and 2U.S. in Melon PI 313970

HortScience ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (4) ◽  
pp. 591-594 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. McCreight
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Powdery Mildew Resistance ◽  
Dominant Gene ◽  
Recessive Gene ◽  
Sphaerotheca Fuliginea ◽  
Limited Data ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
Resistance Reaction ◽  
Greenhouse Tests

Powdery mildew is a major problem in melon (Cucumis melo L.) production worldwide. Three genes for resistance to Sphaerotheca fuliginea (Schlecht. ex Fr.) Poll. race 1 and race 2U.S. were identified in growth chamber and greenhouse tests in the cross of PI 313970 × `Top Mark'. A recessive gene conditioned resistance of true leaves to race 1. A recessive gene appeared to condition resistance of cotyledons to race 2U.S., although a second recessive gene may be involved. A semi-dominant gene conditioned resistance of true leaves to race 2U.S. Limited data suggested linkage of the recessive gene for resistance to race 1 and the semi-dominant gene for resistance to race 2U.S. The resistance reaction of PI 313970 to infection of true leaves by race 2U.S. included water-soaked spots and resistant blisters, but segregation data for the resistant blister reaction were inconclusive. Allelic relationships of these genes with previously reported melon powdery mildew resistance genes remain to be determined.

scholarly journals Pea Fusarium wilt races in western Algeria

2014 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 70-77
Author(s):  
A. Merzoug ◽  
L. Belabid ◽  
M. Youcef-Benkada ◽  
F. Benfreha ◽  
B. Bayaa
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Environmental Conditions ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Climatic Zones ◽  
Pathogen Variability ◽  
Western Algeria ◽  
Differential Hosts ◽  
Pathogenic Variability

The fungus Fusarium oxysporum f.sp. pisi (FOP), the pea wilt pathogen, causes appreciable yield losses under favourable environmental conditions in Algeria. Studies on the pathogen variability and distribution of races are essential to identify effective sources of resistance to this disease. In this study, a survey was conducted during the period 2007–2011 in four different agro-climatic zones. Pathogenic variability in 52 isolates of FOP, collected from different pea-growing areas of western Algeria, were evaluated using 7 genotypes as differential hosts. Results indicated that the disease was prevalent in all fields prospected and isolates obtained were assigned to Races 1, 2, 5 or 6 by their pathogenicity. It was found out that Races 1 and 2 were more common in all areas with 61.5 and 19.2%, respectively. This study is the first report of pea Fusarium wilt races distribution in Algeria.  

scholarly journals Cucumis melo L. Germplasm in Tunisia: Unexploited Sources of Resistance to Fusarium Wilt

Horticulturae ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (8) ◽  
pp. 208
Author(s):  
Hela Chikh-Rouhou ◽  
Maria Luisa Gómez-Guillamón ◽  
Vicente González ◽  
Rafika Sta-Baba ◽  
Ana Garcés-Claver
Keyword(s):  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Genetic Resistance ◽  
Mediterranean Coast ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Breeding Programs ◽  
Molecular Approaches ◽  
Yield And Quality ◽  
Artificial Inoculations ◽  
High Level ◽  
Cucumis Melo L

Breeding for disease resistance has been one of the most important research objectives in melon for the last few decades. Fusarium wilt caused by Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. melonis (Fom) is among the most threatening melon fungal diseases along the Mediterranean coast, affecting yield and quality. Since genetic resistance is one of the best sustainable strategies that can be used to control this pathogen, 27 Tunisian melon accessions collected from local farmers have been tested using phenotypic and molecular approaches to identify new sources of resistance to be used directly as cultivars in affected areas or as resistance donors in breeding programs. The phenotypic evaluations, using artificial inoculations, showed several resistant accessions to the pathogenic races of Fom. Additionally, molecular analysis revealed that 13 out of 27 accessions carried the resistance Fom-1 gene (7 in homozygous state and 6 in heterozygous state), confirming their resistance to races 0 and 2. Two of them were also identified as heterozygous for the Fom-2 gene, being resistant to races 0 and 1. Furthermore, two accessions with a high level of resistance to the most virulent race 1.2 have been also reported. This melon germplasm should be explored as a potential source of resistance genes in breeding programs to develop new resistant melon cultivars.

scholarly journals Novel Sources of Resistance to Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici Race 3 Among Solanum pennellii Accessions

2022 ◽  
Vol 147 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-44
Author(s):  
Jian Li ◽  
Jessica Chitwood-Brown ◽  
Gurleen Kaur ◽  
Joanne A. Labate ◽  
G.E. Vallad ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Structure ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Fusarium Wilt ◽  
Resistance Genes ◽  
Genotyping By Sequencing ◽  
Sources Of Resistance ◽  
Solanum Pennellii ◽  
Tomato Production ◽  
Wild Tomato Species ◽  
Tomato Species

Fusarium wilt of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), caused by fungal pathogen Fusarium oxysporum f. sp. lycopersici (Fol), is one of the most important diseases in tomato production. Three races of the pathogen are described, and race-specific resistance genes have been applied in commercial tomato cultivars for controlling the disease. Race 3 (Fol3) threatens tomato production in many regions around the world, and novel resistance resources could expand the diversity and durability of Fol resistance. The wild tomato species, Solanum pennellii, is reported to harbor broad resistance to Fol and was the source of two known Fol3 resistance genes. In this study, we evaluated 42 S. pennellii accessions for resistance to each fusarium wilt race. F1 plants, developed from crossing each accession with the Fol3 susceptible line ‘Suncoast’, were evaluated for Fol3 resistance, and BC1F1 plants were screened to determine the likelihood that Fol3 resistance was based on a novel locus (loci). Nearly all accessions showed resistance to Fol3, and many accessions were resistant to all races. Evaluation of F1 plants indicated a dominant resistance effect to Fol3 from most accessions. Genetic analysis indicated 24 accessions are expected to contain one or more novel Fol3 resistance loci other than an allele near the I-3 locus. To investigate genetic structure of the S. pennellii accessions used in this study, we genotyped all 42 accessions using genotyping by sequencing. Approximately 20% of the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNP) loci were heterozygous across accessions, likely due to the outcrossing nature of the species. Genetic structure analysis at 49,120 unique SNP loci across accessions identified small but obvious genetic differentiations.

scholarly journals Melon-Powdery Mildew Interactions Reveal Variation in Melon Cultigens and Podosphaera xanthii Races 1 and 2

2006 ◽  
Vol 131 (1) ◽  
pp. 59-65 ◽  
Author(s):  
James D. McCreight
Keyword(s):  
Powdery Mildew ◽  
Virulence Factors ◽  
Cucumis Melo ◽  
Podosphaera Xanthii ◽  
Sphaerotheca Fuliginea ◽  
Race 1 ◽  
New Races ◽  
Race 2 ◽  
Serious Disease ◽  
Greenhouse Tests

Powdery mildew is a serious disease of melon (Cucumis melo L.) worldwide. Twenty-two melon cultigens have been used to define 22 reported races of the pathogen Podosphaera xanthii (sect. Sphaerotheca) xanthii (Castag.) U. Braun & N. Shish. Comb. nov. [syn. Sphaerotheca fuliginea (Schlecht. ex Fr.) Poll.]. Discrepancies in the reactions of eight cultigens to populations of P. xanthii races 1 and 2 in California, Japan, and Spain revealed genetic differences among them that can be used to differentiate P. xanthii race 1 and 2 populations in these countries. Implicit in these results is the existence of previously unknown virulence factors in these populations of P. xanthii races 1 and 2 that permit designation of new races of P. xanthii on melon. Synthesis of these results with previous reports resulted in the identification of 28 putative races of P. xanthii on melon that include eight variants of race 1 and six variants of race 2. Six of the cultigens exhibited resistant blisters in response to heavy infection by P. xanthii in field and greenhouse tests.

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