scholarly journals Agglutination processes of activated sludge cultures induced by extracellular lectins

2022 ◽  
Vol 11 (4) ◽  
pp. 617-626
Author(s):  
A. V. Kobelev ◽  
S. V. Klement'ev ◽  
A. S. Sirotkin
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Culture Liquid ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Genetic Identification ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Native Solution ◽  
The Media ◽  
Bacterial Lectins ◽  
Main Component

We examine the agglutinating ability of five compounds, namely, A1, A2, A3, A4 and BS1, isolated from activated sludge on selective media typical of a number of dominant microbial cultures that contribute to the formation of microbial aggregates. The morphological properties of the isolates and their lectin activity, as well as the physiological and biochemical properties of individual isolates were studied; microorganisms in their composition were identified. We assessed the capacity of the isolates under study to synthesize an exopolysaccharide matrix, as well as the sedimentation of activated sludge under the action of the native solution and culture liquid of the BS1 isolate. Based on their capacity to agglutinate, the BS1 and A2 isolates were selected for further research as producers of extracellular lectins and objects of agglutination, respectively. The biophysiochemical properties and molecular-genetic identification of the BS1 isolate allowed the degree of identity with r. Bacillus to be defined (96.19%); for the A2 isolate, 92.93% identity with p. Shigella and p. Escherichia was determined. To assess the capacity to synthesize a biofilm matrix, the BS1 and A2 isolates were cultivated on an agar nutrient solution using Congo Red dye. According to the obtained results, the isolates are capable of synthesizing an exopolysaccharide matrix, the main component of bacterial biofilms. The research results on the sedimentation of activated sludge induced by the native solution and culture liquid of BS1 showed the following. The sedimentation rate of activated sludge increased significantly at the beginning of the process upon adding a BS1 cell suspension, while the introduction of the native solution of BS1 intensified the process following 5 minutes of contact. The obtained experimental data suggest that the media containing extracellular bacterial lectins can be effectively used as a coagulant (flocculant) for the sedimentation of activated sludge.

scholarly journals Molecular-genetic identification of microorganism strains isolated from activated sludge based on an analysis of nucleotide sequences of the 16s rRNA gene

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 116-124
Author(s):  
E. A. Ivanchikov ◽  
A. T. Bubeev ◽  
V. Zh. Tsyrenov ◽  
A. V. Arbatsksaya
Keyword(s):  
16S Rrna ◽  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Lipolytic Activity ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Paenibacillus Polymyxa ◽  
Biochemical Properties ◽  
Genetic Identification ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
Bacterial Strains ◽  
Molecular Genetic Identification

A molecular-genetic identification of four bacterial strains isolated from activated sludge of urban wastewater treatment plants (Ulan-Ude) and the industrial enterprise OJSC “Selenginsky Pulp and Paper Mill” (Selenginsk) was carried out. Bacterial strains were identified by a capillary sequencer ABI 3130XL Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems) using 16S primers 27F and 1492R at the Genomics Collective Use Center of the Institute of Chemical Biology and Fundamental Medicine, SB RAS, Novosibirsk. The results were obtained using the method of determination of the direct nucleotide sequence of a 16S rRNA fragment followed by comparison of the nucleotide identity with the sequences deposited in the international database GenBank. Bacterial strains isolated from activated sludge were identified according to the GenBank database: strain B 1.1 corresponds to Paenibacillus dendritiformis strain P411 (similarity 99.93%), strains B 1.2 and B 1.3 correspond to Bacillus licheniformis strain PB399 (similarity 86 and 100%, respectively), strain P 1.1 corresponds to the Paenibacillus polymyxa strain ISSDS-85 (similarity 99.86%). The biochemical properties of the identified strains were determined: amylolytic, proteolytic and lipolytic activity; the ability to ferment carbohydrates in Hiss’ nutrient medium; the ability to form ammonia, urea and nitrate reduction. The bacterial strains isolated from activated sludge may be promising for the destruction of wastewater pollutants. On their basis, it is planned to create a consortium of microorganisms for the destruction of protein and fatty pollutants in wastewater.

GENETIC CERTIFICATION OF FODDER CROPS BREEDING ACHIEVEMENTS

1970 ◽  
pp. 40-46
Author(s):  
V. M. Kosolapov ◽  
N. N. Kozlov ◽  
I. А. Klimenko ◽  
V. N. Zolotarev
Keyword(s):  
Dna Analysis ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Practical Importance ◽  
Genetic Identification ◽  
Necessary Condition ◽  
Forage Crops ◽  
Fodder Crops ◽  
Long Time ◽  
Analytical Review ◽  
Prospects Of Application

The methods of genetic identification of forage crops varieties and forms have significant scientific and practical importance in breeding and seed multiplication, in protection of author’s rights. At the current moment molecular markers on the base of DNA-polymorphism have been applied widely for these aims. This analytical review examines the possibilities and the prospects of application the different DNA-analysis methods for assessment of forage crops genetic diversity and for development the molecular-genetic passports of breeding achievements. The objective estimation of varieties structure and presence impurities is a necessary condition for improving the methodical approaches in approbation of crops and for decision the problems of timely variety-seed renovation and its systematic replacement. The system of DNA markers that registered in genetic passport will enable to keep the initial genetic structure of variety and to maintain it in production process during long time without fluctuations of agronomic important characteristics and properties. This factor is especially valuable for development the primary seed multiplication.

Molecular genetic identification of isolates of the hepatitis A virus (HAV) from monkeys at Adler Primate Center

2018 ◽  
Vol 47 (2) ◽  
pp. 87-92 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dmitriy I. Dogadov ◽  
Lydia I. Korzaya ◽  
Anastasia A. Karlsen ◽  
Karen K. Kyuregyan
Keyword(s):  
Hepatitis A ◽  
Hepatitis A Virus ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Identification ◽  
Molecular Genetic Identification

Evaluation of hybrid processes for nitrification by comparing MBBR/AS and IFAS configurations

2007 ◽  
Vol 55 (8-9) ◽  
pp. 43-49 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Germain ◽  
L. Bancroft ◽  
A. Dawson ◽  
C. Hinrichs ◽  
L. Fricker ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Biofilm Reactor ◽  
Nitrite Accumulation ◽  
Removal Rates ◽  
Solids Retention ◽  
Different Temperatures ◽  
Suspended Biomass ◽  
The Media ◽  
Population Counts ◽  
Ammonia Oxidising Bacteria

An integrated fixed-film activated sludge (IFAS) pilot plant and a moving bed biofilm reactor coupled with an activated sludge process (MBBR/AS) were operated under different temperatures, carbon loadings and solids retention times (SRTs). These two types of hybrid systems were compared, focusing on the nitrification capacity and the nitrifiers population of the media and suspended biomass alongside other process performances such as carbonaceous and total nitrogen (TN) removal rates. At high temperatures and loadings rates, both processes were fully nitrifying and achieved similarly high carbonaceous removal rates. However, under these conditions, the IFAS configuration performed better in terms of TN removal. Lower temperatures and carbon loadings led to lower carbonaceous removal rates for the MBBR/AS configuration, whereas the IFAS configuration was not affected. However, the nitrification capacity of the IFAS process decreased significantly under these conditions and the MBBR/AS process was more robust in terms of nitrification. Ammonia oxidising bacteria (AOB) and nitrite oxidising bacteria (NOB) population counts accurately reflected the changes in nitrification capacity. However, significantly less NOBs than AOBs were observed, without noticeable nitrite accumulation, suggesting that the characterisation method used was not as sensitive for NOBs and/or that the NOBs had a higher activity than the AOBs.

Dispelling the “Nocardia amarae” myth: a phylogenetic and phenotypic study of mycolic acid-containing actinomycetes isolated from activated sludge foam

2002 ◽  
Vol 46 (1-2) ◽  
pp. 81-90 ◽  
Author(s):  
F.M. Stainsby ◽  
J. Soddell ◽  
R. Seviour ◽  
J. Upton ◽  
M. Goodfellow
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
16S Rdna ◽  
Mycolic Acid ◽  
Mass Spectrometric ◽  
Morphological Data ◽  
Morphological Properties ◽  
Microscopic Approach ◽  
Nocardia Species ◽  
Mixed Liquor ◽  
Nocardia Amarae

Right-angle branched filaments and rods micromanipulated from activated sludge foam and mixed liquor were identified as putatively novel members of the genera Gordonia, Mycobacterium and Rhodococcus using a combination of chemical, molecular and morphological data. Pyrolysis mass spectrometric analyses of gordoniae isolated in both the present and a previous study revealed pyro-groups, distinct from validly described Gordonia species, which could be equated with those based on morphological properties and 16S rDNA data. Putative gordoniae assigned to one of these groups were found to be closely related to strains currently identified as “Rhodococcus australis”. These strains were also found to have properties consistent with their classification in the genus Gordonia. The results of this study highlight the limitations of the microscopic approach to filament identification and cast further doubt on the view that foaming can be attributed to members of one or a few Nocardia species.

scholarly journals Selecting of Polymorphic Loci of Genome for Identification of Populations of Pinus sylvestris L. on East-Europe Plain

2019 ◽  
Vol 5 (5) ◽  
pp. 25-30
Author(s):  
Ya. Prishnivskaya ◽  
E. Nassonova ◽  
Yu. Vasileva ◽  
S. Boronnikova
Keyword(s):  
Pinus Sylvestris ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Identification ◽  
East European Plain ◽  
Data Bases ◽  
East Europe ◽  
Polymorphic Loci ◽  
East European ◽  
Molecular Genetic Identification

10 pairs of primers from 8 related Pinus sylvestris L. populations collected on East-European plain to 10 genes and 4 primer’s pairs to 4 loci of uncoding clDNA regions. 2 loci of uncoding clDNA regions (psbA-trnH, trnL-trnF) were selected from tested 14 primer’s pairs. These two loci are most polymorphic and has homologous consistencies in data bases. Therefore, these loci is recommended for molecular–genetic identification of related Pinus sylvestris L. populations on East–European plain.

scholarly journals Genetic identification of bovine leukaemia virus

2018 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 314-324 ◽  
Author(s):  
Irina Donnik ◽  
Irina Donnik ◽  
Ramil Vafin ◽  
Ramil Vafin ◽  
Aram Galstyan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Phylogenetic Analysis ◽  
Research Methods ◽  
Bovine Leukemia Virus ◽  
Leukemia Virus ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Genetic Identification ◽  
Gene Fragment ◽  
Phylogenetic Classification ◽  
Pcr Rflp

Molecular genetic research methods make it possible to evaluate the genetic diversity of bovine leukemia virus (BLV) and are the most informative approaches to its genetic identification. Molecular genetic research methods work well for the phylogenetic analysis of sequenced nucleotide DNA sequences of the provirus, as well as for the polymerase chain reaction-restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis (PCR-RFLP) according to the phylogenetic classification of the pathogen. The purpose of the research was to study the scientific and methodological approaches to the genetic identification of bovine leukemia virus, integrated into the molecular monitoring of infection of cattle with BLV genotypes. The authors used PCR-RFLP-genotyping and comparative phylogenetic analysis of aligned nucleotide sequences of the env gene fragment of the BLV provirus isolates to detect the genotypic affiliation of the cattle from twenty-one livestock farms of the Republic of Tatarstan. As a result, isolates of four out of ten BLV genotypes were found in the Tatarstani cattle, namely genotypes 1, 4, 7, and 8. The research involved a comparative analysis of 505 nucleotide sequences of a fragment of the BLV env gene, including those deposited in GenBank NCBI. The analysis confirms the inconsistency of several earlier PCR-RFLP typing strategies with the current approach in assessing the genotypic diversity by phylogenetic analysis. The improved strategy of PCR-RFLP genotyping of BLV corresponds with its modern phylogenetic classification. The strategy makes it possible to identify all the known genotypes of the viral pathogen. Its validity has been proved by in silico modelling of restrictogrammes and a phylogenetic analysis of the env gene fragment of 57 reference isolates of ten BLV genotypes that generate 57 genotype-associated combinations of diagnostically significant PCR-RFLP profiles.

scholarly journals Comparative Genetic Analysis of Yersinia pestis Strains Isolated on the Ukok Plateau and other Territories of the Altai Mountains

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-69
Author(s):  
G. A. Eroshenko ◽  
A. N. Balykova ◽  
Ya. M. Krasnov ◽  
E. A. Naryshkina ◽  
E. N. Rozhdestvensky ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Yersinia Pestis ◽  
De Novo ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Identification ◽  
Likelihood Method ◽  
High Mountain ◽  
Altai Mountains ◽  
Natural Foci ◽  
Ukok Plateau ◽  
Average Size

The aim of the study was molecular-genetic identification and analysis of the phylogenetic relationship of Yersinia pestis strains isolated on the Ukok Plateau in 2020, in order to establish the current boundaries of the natural mega focus of plague in the Altai Mountains in Russia and Mongolia.Materials and methods. 37 strains of Y. pestis of the main subspecies isolated in the Tuva mountain and Gorno-Altai high-mountain plague foci and adjacent territories of Mongolia in 1971–2020 were studied. The whole genome sequencing of the strains was performed using the Ion S5 XL System (Thermo Fischer Scientific). Ion Torrent Suite software package 5.12 and Newbler gsAssembler 2.6 were used to process the data and assemble de novo the sequences of raw reads. The average size of the collected genome was 4.55 million base pairs. Core SNPs were detected by aligning the contigs of Y. pestis strains on the CO92 genome using the Snippy 4.6 program, then 28 SNP homoplasies were removed. The resulting set of SNPs contained only the core region of the genome (955 SNPs). The dendrogram was constructed using the Maximum Likelihood method applying the PhyML 3.1 program.Results and discussion. The current population structure of Y. pestis of the main subspecies, antique biovar, phylogenetic line 4.ANT, endemic to the foci of the Altai Mountains in Russia and Mongolia has been determined. The presence of 4.ANT-21 clone, which became widespread in the territory of these natural foci of plague at the begining of the XXI century, was revealed. It is shown that three strains isolated on the Ukok Plateau in 2020 belong to clone 4.ANT-21. According to phylogenetic analysis, evidence of 4.ANT circulation on the Ukok Plateau before 2018 was obtained. The lesson that has been learned is that it is necessary to study the territories of Mongolia, Kazakhstan and China bordering the Ukok Plateau in order to establish the current boundaries of the 4.ANT mega focus. 

scholarly journals Study of European and Czech populations of potato cyst nematodes (Globodera rostochiensis and G. pallida) by RAPD method

2011 ◽  
Vol 50 (No. 2) ◽  
pp. 70-74 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Sedlák ◽  
M. Melounová ◽  
S. Skupinová ◽  
P. Vejl ◽  
J. Domkářová
Keyword(s):  
Animal Species ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Globodera Rostochiensis ◽  
Globodera Pallida ◽  
Genetic Identification ◽  
Potato Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Cyst Nematodes ◽  
Genetic Dissimilarity ◽  
Solanaceous Plants ◽  
Molecular Genetic Identification

Potato cyst nematodes (PCN) are the big problem in worldwide planting of potatoes and another Solanaceous plants. Identification of individual pathotypes according to international scheme is very demanding but a very important part of the phytosanitary process to control these pests. Molecular genetic identification of different plant and animal species or individuals is a very interesting way at the present time and let’s hope that it will be important in future. This report presents results of the RAPD study of nine different real PCN populations. There were five Globodera rostochiensis populations and four G. pallida populations. Pathotypes Ro2, Ro2/3, Ro4, Ro5, Pa2 and Pa3 were from European populations; population Ro1 and X were of Czech provenance. Genetics variable of these populations was described by a set of six decameric primers (OPA 07, OPG 03, OPG 05, OPG 08, OPG 10 and OPG 13). Genetic dissimilarity was by Gel Manager for Windows evaluated. Detectable differences behind all populations were found and the dendrogram was compiled. The unknown population X was sorted into group of Globodera pallida species subgroup of Pa2 consequently.

Microbial quantification in activated sludge: the hits and misses

2003 ◽  
Vol 48 (3) ◽  
pp. 121-126 ◽  
Author(s):  
S.J. Hall ◽  
J. Keller ◽  
L.L. Blackall
Keyword(s):  
Activated Sludge ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Biological Nutrient Removal ◽  
Physical Parameters ◽  
Fluorescence In Situ Hybridisation ◽  
Batch Tests ◽  
Polymerase Chain ◽  
Key Microorganisms

Since the implementation of the activated sludge process for treating wastewater, there has been a reliance on chemical and physical parameters to monitor the system. However, in biological nutrient removal (BNR) processes, the microorganisms responsible for some of the transformations should be used to monitor the processes with the overall goal to achieve better treatment performance. The development of in situ identification and rapid quantification techniques for key microorganisms involved in BNR are required to achieve this goal. This study explored the quantification of Nitrospira, a key organism in the oxidation of nitrite to nitrate in BNR. Two molecular genetic microbial quantification techniques were evaluated: real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and fluorescence in situ hybridisation (FISH) followed by digital image analysis. A correlation between the Nitrospira quantitative data and the nitrate production rate, determined in batch tests, was attempted. The disadvantages and advantages of both methods will be discussed.

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