scholarly journals Addition of fresh serum to plasma to aid in enhancement of complement-dependent antibodies

2020 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 102-104
Author(s):  
C. Grey
Keyword(s):  
Fresh Serum

scholarly journals Interaction of porcine mycoplasmas with fresh animal serum

1971 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 361-368 ◽  
Author(s):  
D. H. Roberts
Keyword(s):  
Synergistic Effect ◽  
Animal Species ◽  
Agar Medium ◽  
Horse Serum ◽  
Rabbit Antiserum ◽  
Inhibition Of Growth ◽  
Heat Labile ◽  
Fresh Serum

SUMMARYWhen fresh animal serum was dropped onto seeded mycoplasma agar plates, inhibition of growth frequently occurred. This effect was dependent on the mycoplasma serotype and on the animal species from which the fresh serum came. This activity of fresh animal serum was heat-labile and would not diffuse through the agar medium. Growth of all the porcine mycoplasma serotypes was inhibited by fresh sheep serum.M. hyorhinis, M. hyopneumoniae, B 3 and the P 45 strains were insensitive to fresh horse serum. The addition of fresh horse serum to specificM. hyorhinisrabbit antiserum-impregnated disks appeared to have a synergistic effect and the combination ofM. hyorhinisantiserum-impregnated disk and fresh horse serum always inhibited the growth ofM. hyorhinisstrains.

scholarly journals The Combined Study of Agglutination, Hemolysis and Erythrophagocytosis

Blood ◽  
1954 ◽  
Vol 9 (8) ◽  
pp. 773-788 ◽  
Author(s):  
JAMES A. BONNIN ◽  
LAWRENCE SCHWARTZ
Keyword(s):  
Cell Surface ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Experimental Conditions ◽  
Optimal Activity ◽  
Fresh Serum ◽  
Antierythrocytic Antibodies

Abstract 1. A method for the combined demonstration of erythrophagocytosis, agglutination, and hemolysis was developed and applied to the study of a series of antierythrocytic antibodies under varying conditions of temperature and pH, using normal, trypsinized, and PNH corpuscles. Erythrophagocytosis was observed supravitally and in fixed preparations. 2. Only those antibodies which were potentially or actually hemolytic produced phagocytosis under the experimental conditions employed. The conditions necessary for the production of the two phenomena were similar except in the case of anti-A. In titration experiments, erythrophagocytosis occurred in higher serum dilutions than did hemolysis. 3. All the antibodies producing opsonization required the presence of thermolabile components of fresh serum for optimal activity. Except with anti-A, appreciable erythrophagocytosis was not produced by heat-inactivated sera. Hemolysis produced by systems other than antibody and complement was unaccompanied by phagocytosis. 4. It is suggested that hemolysis and erythrophagocytosis may both result from the same type of alteration of the red cell surface.

Improvement of the Fresh Taste Intensity of Processed Clementine Juice by Separate Pasteurization of its Serum and Pulp

2008 ◽  
Vol 14 (6) ◽  
pp. 525-529 ◽  
Author(s):  
E.F. Torres ◽  
S. Bayarri ◽  
F. Sampedro ◽  
A. Martínez ◽  
J.V. Carbonell
Keyword(s):  
Heat Exchangers ◽  
Pectin Methylesterase ◽  
Weibull Model ◽  
Enzyme Inactivation ◽  
Taste Intensity ◽  
Plate Heat ◽  
Fresh Serum ◽  
Minor Part ◽  
Conventional Plate ◽  
A Minor

This work describes a process to separate the Clementine juice by centrifugation into two fractions, the larger one (`serum fraction') almost lacking of pulp, and the smaller one (`pulp fraction') enriched in pulp, which are independently pasteurized in conventional plate heat exchangers under different conditions. Both fractions were aseptically blended giving a final product, whose fresh taste did not differ from that of the initial nonheated juice. The larger serum fraction was almost free of pectin methylesterase activity and could be pasteurized under minimal heat conditions, just enough to destroy microorganisms, less heat-resistant than enzymes. Since only a minor part of the juice (the pulp fraction) received the usual heat treatment, fresh taste was preserved. Destruction of Lactobacillus plantarum inoculated to the serum fraction was fitted accurately by the Weibull model, with a reduction higher than 5 log cycle at 57.5 °C for 20 s and no counts were found at 60 °C for 10 s. According to this, thermal treatment of the serum fraction (78% of the initial juice) was fixed at 60 °C for 15 s. Sensory evaluation of fresh taste intensity showed no significant differences between serum treated at 60°C for 15 s and fresh serum. The pulp fraction (22%) was pasteurized at 85 °C for 15 s and at 90 °C for 30 s to assure enough enzyme inactivation. No differences were found between the nonpasteurized juice and the blend of pulp and serum pasteurized as explained above, whereas both samples presented fresher taste than the whole juice treated at 90 °C for 30 s.

scholarly journals Granulocyte aggregometry: a sensitive technique for the detection of C5a and complement activation

Blood ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 55 (6) ◽  
pp. 898-902 ◽  
Author(s):  
DE Hammerschmidt ◽  
TK Bowers ◽  
CJ Lammi-Keefe ◽  
HS Jacob ◽  
PR Craddock
Keyword(s):  
Lupus Erythematosus ◽  
Cytochalasin B ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Standard Methods ◽  
Sensitive Technique ◽  
Fresh Serum ◽  
Induced Aggregation ◽  
Transfusion Reactions

Abstract We have previously shown that complement (C) activated plasma causes granulocyte (PMN) aggregation in vitro and that C5a is responsible. The C-induced aggregation of PMNs treated with cytochalasin-B (CB) is markedly enhanced and irreversible, and the magnitude of the response is proportional to the log (concentration of activated plasma), allowing use of this technique to detect C5a and hence C-activation. To compare the sensitivity of granulocyte aggregometry to that of more standard methods of detecting C-activation, we produced graded C- activation in vitro by treating fresh serum with varying amounts of zymosan. Aggregometry was the most sensitive index of C-activation, detecting C-activation, produced by 0.02 mg zymosan/ml of serum--1/10 that required to produce C-activation detectable by C3 immunoelectrophoresis (the next most sensitive technique). Granulocyte aggregometry may also be used to detect in vivo C-activation. We have found aggregating activity in plasmas from patients with systemic lupus erythematosus, immune vasculitis, transfusion reactions, and other conditions associated with in vivo C-activation, but not in the plasmas of normal subjects.

scholarly journals "Monocytic" Cells of Normal Blood, Schilling and Naegeli Leukemia, and Leukemic Reticuloendotheliosis in Slide Chambers

Blood ◽  
1962 ◽  
Vol 20 (4) ◽  
pp. 453-470 ◽  
Author(s):  
YALE RABINOWITZ ◽  
ROBERT SCHREK
Keyword(s):  
Blood Cells ◽  
Acute Monocytic Leukemia ◽  
Reticulum Cell ◽  
Monocytic Leukemia ◽  
Monocytic Cells ◽  
Fresh Serum ◽  
Morphology Development ◽  
And Function ◽  
Myelomonocytic Leukemia ◽  
Physiologic Data

Abstract 1. The study of living blood cells in slide chambers by phase microscopy and cinemicrography adds useful morphologic, developmental and physiologic data complementary to other methods for studying blood cells. 2. Normal monocytes were characterized by flattening in fresh serum with minimal ameboid motility, by ectoplasmic veils waving in the medium, and by transformation to fully developed macrophages in 5-7 days. 3. Cells from four patients with acute monocytic leukemia (Schilling type) showed only slight differences in morphology, development and function from normal monocytes in the slide chamber. 4. Monocytoid cells from four patients with myelomonocytic leukemia (Naegeli type), in the slide chamber, resembled those from two patients with leukemic reticuloendotheliosis in morphology, development and function, but differed from normal monocytes and cells of acute monocytic (Schilling) leukemia. The monocytoid cells were labeled "reticulum" cells with the implication that they were related to the primitive hematopoietic reticulum cell. 5. The "reticulum" cell in the slide chamber differed from the monocyte in having a coarse nuclear chromatin pattern with clumping of chromatin, larger numbers of varying sized cytoplasmic granules, less ectoplasm, development of characteristic star-shaped macrophage forms without ectoplasmic veils, and in exhibiting a considerable ameboid motility as opposed to the sluggish veil waving of the monocyte. 6. Speculation as to the significance of the "reticulum" cell has been presented with the suggestion that this cell precedes the blast cell in hematopoiesis. In Naegeli leukemia, unknown factors may cause alterations in the type of cell released from the marrow. There may also be shifts in emphasis between myeloblast and pre-myeloblast proliferation which become reflected in the cells appearing in the peripheral blood.

Observations on the chemical nature of lead in human blood serum

1991 ◽  
Vol 81 (6) ◽  
pp. 823-829 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. J. A. Al-Modhefer ◽  
M. W. B. Bradbury ◽  
T. J. B. Simons
Keyword(s):  
Blood Serum ◽  
Human Blood ◽  
Chemical Nature ◽  
Lead Concentration ◽  
Equilibrium Dialysis ◽  
Normal Subjects ◽  
Human Blood Serum ◽  
Thiol Compounds ◽  
Fresh Serum

1. The binding of lead to human blood serum, and components of serum, was studied by titration with the addition of Pb(NO3)2 solution, monitoring the free Pb2+ concentration with a Pb2+ electrode, and by equilibrium dialysis. 2. In fresh serum, about 4999 out of 5000 parts of added lead were bound. This suggests that the free Pb2+ concentration is around 1/5000th of the total lead concentration in the serum of normal subjects, i.e. about 1 × 10−12 mol/l. 3. About 60% of the binding of lead in serum is abolished by standing in air, by dialysis or by treatment with N-ethylmaleimide. This appears to be due to the presence of thiol compounds, mainly cysteine. The remaining 40% appears to be due to protein, mainly albumin.

scholarly journals Neutrophil life span in paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria

Blood ◽  
1977 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 657-662 ◽  
Author(s):  
LH Brubaker ◽  
LJ Essig ◽  
CE Mengel
Keyword(s):  
Life Span ◽  
Paroxysmal Nocturnal Hemoglobinuria ◽  
Neutropenic Patient ◽  
Red Cell ◽  
Fresh Serum ◽  
Cell Life ◽  
Sufficient Degree ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Active Complement

Abstract We have studied neutrophil intravascular life span in six patients with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria (PNH); four had normal neutrophil counts when studied and two were neutropenic. Five patients had enough circulating neutrophils to isolate for tests in vitro. Lysis of labeled neutrophils was greatly increased, compared to that of normal volunteers, when these neutrophils were incubated with acidified fresh serum as a source of active complement plus serum containing antineutrophil antibodies (from three different sources). Despite the in vitro lesion, however, each of these patients had a normal neutrophil intravascular life span as measured by the 32P- diisopropylfluorophosphate technique. One neutropenic patient, who had a normal neutrophil life span, had a shift of cells from the circulating to marginated pool of sufficient degree to cause the neutropenia. A second (severely) neutropenic patient was found to have developed extreme marrow hypoplasia, also explaining the neutropenia. Thus, in contrast to the shortened red cell life span, we have been unable to find a shortened neutrophil life span in PNH.

Endocytosis by cultured mesangial cells and associated changes in prostaglandin E2 synthesis

1987 ◽  
Vol 252 (4) ◽  
pp. F627-F634
Author(s):  
P. C. Singhal ◽  
G. H. Ding ◽  
S. DeCandido ◽  
N. Franki ◽  
R. M. Hays ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Prostaglandin E2 ◽  
Cytochalasin B ◽  
Mesangial Cells ◽  
Pge2 Production ◽  
Receptor Interaction ◽  
Coated Pits ◽  
Pge2 Synthesis ◽  
Gold Particles ◽  
Fresh Serum ◽  
Stimulation Of

The mechanism of macromolecule uptake by cultured mesangial cells was studied by use of transmission electron microscopy. In parallel, we investigated the effect of macromolecular uptake on prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) formation. Cultured rat mesangial cells were studied in their third passage. As model molecules, we used colloidal gold particles (10 nm diameter) coated either with polyethylene glycol (PEG) or fresh serum (SCG). Mesangial cells were incubated from 1 to 60 min and up to 12 h with either PEG or SCG particles. Endocytosis of SCG significantly exceeded that of PEG particles. The mechanism involved binding to coated pits, followed by formation of coated vesicles (endosomes), and eventually delivery of particles to lysosomes. Pretreatment with cytochalasin B virtually prevented endocytosis of SCG particles, indicating active participation of the cytoskeleton. Determination of PGE2 production in parallel showed that SCG significantly stimulated PGE2 synthesis within minutes, whereas PEG-coated gold had no effect. When gold particles were coated with decomplemented serum instead of fresh serum, the stimulation of PGE2 was partially, but not completely, prevented, indicating that complement may be one, but not the only ligand responsible for enhanced PGE2 production. Stimulation of PGE2 synthesis by SCG was not dependent on actual endocytosis, as it was not altered by cytochalasin B pretreatment. Thus, surface ligand-receptor interaction may be sufficient to trigger PGE2 synthesis. The interaction between mesangial endocytosis and PGE2 production may be important for glomerular pathophysiology.

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