Seed Production and Stand Regeneration of Bigflower Vetch, Vicia grandiflora var. kitaibeliana W. Koch, Grown with Cool‐Season Forage Grasses
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The control of three summer annual grass weeds with herbicides during establishment of forage grasses was studied near Concord and Mead, NE, in 1984, 1985, and 1986. Three cool-season forage grasses, intermediate wheatgrass, tall fescue, and smooth bromegrass, and two warm-season grasses, big bluestem and switchgrass, were included. The control of three major summer annual grasses, green foxtail, barnyardgrass, and large crabgrass, was excellent with fenoxaprop at 0.22 kg ai/ha. Slight to moderate injury to cool-season forage grasses and severe injury to warm-season grasses were evident. Sethoxydim at 0.22 kg ai/ha and haloxyfop at 0.11 kg ai/ha controlled green foxtail and large crabgrass, but not barnyardgrass. Sulfometuron-treated big bluestem and switchgrass plots had the best forage stand frequencies and yields and, at the rate used, sulfometuron satisfactorily controlled green foxtail but only marginally controlled barnyardgrass and large crabgrass.

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Use of tall fescue EST-SSR markers in phylogenetic analysis of cool-season forage grasses

Genome ◽

10.1139/g05-029 ◽

2005 ◽

Vol 48 (4) ◽

pp. 637-647 ◽

Cited By ~ 64

Author(s):

M A. Rouf Mian ◽

Malay C Saha ◽

Andrew A Hopkins ◽

Zeng-Yu Wang

Keyword(s):

Phylogenetic Analysis ◽

Ssr Markers ◽

Tall Fescue ◽

Related Species ◽

Grass Species ◽

Forage Grass ◽

Forage Grasses ◽

Cool Season ◽

Phylogenetic Relations ◽

Wide Range

Microsatellites or simple sequence repeats (SSRs) are highly useful molecular markers for plant improvement. Expressed sequence tag (EST)-SSR markers have a higher rate of transferability across species than genomic SSR markers and are thus well suited for application in cross-species phylogenetic studies. Our objectives were to examine the amplification of tall fescue EST-SSR markers in 12 grass species representing 8 genera of 4 tribes from 2 subfamilies of Poaceae and the applicability of these markers for phylogenetic analysis of grass species. About 43% of the 145 EST-SSR primer pairs produced PCR bands in all 12 grass species and had high levels of polymorphism in all forage grasses studied. Thus, these markers will be useful in a variety of forage grass species, including the ones tested in this study. SSR marker data were useful in grouping genotypes within each species. Lolium temulentum, a potential model species for cool-season forage grasses, showed a close relation with the major Festuca–Lolium species in the study. Tall wheatgrass was found to be closely related to hexaploid wheat, thereby confirming the known taxonomic relations between these species. While clustering of closely related species was found, the effectiveness of such data in evaluating distantly related species needs further investigations. The phylogenetic trees based on DNA sequences of selected SSR bands were in agreement with the phylogenetic relations based on length polymorphism of SSRs markers. Tall fescue EST-SSR markers depicted phylogenetic relations among a wide range of cool-season forage grass species and thus are an important resource for researchers working with such grass species.Key words: phylogeny, EST-SSR, forage grasses, tall fescue.

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Weed Seedling Emergence and Survival as Affected by Crop Canopy

Weed Technology ◽

10.1614/wt-08-073.1 ◽

2008 ◽

Vol 22 (4) ◽

pp. 736-740 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Randy L. Anderson

Keyword(s):

Winter Wheat ◽

Seed Production ◽

Spring Wheat ◽

Seedling Emergence ◽

Crop Canopy ◽

Cool Season ◽

Common Lambsquarters ◽

Green Foxtail ◽

Seedling Emergence And Survival ◽

Weed Dynamics

This study measured impact of cool-season crops on seedling emergence, survival, and seed production of weeds common in corn and soybean. Weed dynamics were monitored in permanently marked quadrats in winter wheat, spring wheat, and canola. Three species, green foxtail, yellow foxtail, and common lambsquarters, comprised more than 80% of the weeds observed in the study. Seedling emergence was reduced by winter wheat, but not by spring wheat or canola, when compared with adjacent quadrats without a crop canopy. Approximately 10% of seedlings in spring wheat and canola developed into seed-bearing plants, but no seed-bearing plants were present in winter wheat at harvest. Common lambsquarters produced more than 1,100 seeds/plant, whereas a foxtail plant produced 85 seeds, averaged across spring wheat and canola. At harvest, new seedlings were present in all crops; thus, control after harvest will be required to prevent seed production in the fall. Winter wheat may provide an opportunity to disrupt population dynamics of weeds common in corn and soybean without requiring herbicides.

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Effects of season, altitude and daylength on floral initiation of two contrasting genotypes of Trifolium repens L.

The Journal of Agricultural Science ◽

10.1017/s0021859600061852 ◽

1986 ◽

Vol 106 (1) ◽

pp. 149-154 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

F. Von Sury ◽

J. Nösberger

Keyword(s):

Low Temperature ◽

Seed Production ◽

Floral Initiation ◽

Cool Season ◽

Production Potential ◽

Low Latitude ◽

Specific Effects ◽

Trifolium Repens L ◽

Growth Chambers ◽

Main Factors

SUMMARYThe effects of season and altitude on floral initiation of two Trifolium repena L. cultivars, Haifa and California Ladino, were tested in the area of Ayacucho, Peru (2730 m, 13° S), with regard to their seed production potential. Specific effects of daylength at a constant temperature (20 °C) were examined in growth chambers.In Ayacucho, the proportion of inflorescence-bearing nodes was found to be lowest between December and June (Haifa 10–20%, Ladino 0–10%) and highest in August (Haifa 30%) and September–October (Ladino 15%). Late in the cool season, floral initiation of Ladino, but not that of Haifa, increased strongly at a high altitude (3250 m). In growth chambers, Haifa initiated few inflorescences and Ladino none in a 10 h daylength. In 16 h, the floral initiation of Haifa was very limited but Ladino formed many inflorescences. Floral initiation of Haifa was most pronounced and lasted longest after a daylength shift from 10 to 13 h.It is concluded that seasonal and altitudinal variations in low temperature were the main factors influencing floral initiation in the region of Ayacucho. Haifa is considered to be an intermediate-day plant, suited for seed production in the region because of its marked and early flowering. Ladino was classified as a quantitative longday plant, unsuitable for seed production at this low latitude because of its retarded floral response to low temperature.

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Light Quality and Stem Numbers in Cool‐Season Forage Grasses

Crop Science ◽

10.2135/cropsci1994.0011183x003400020030x ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 34 (2) ◽

pp. 468-473 ◽

Cited By ~ 15

Author(s):

A. B. Frank ◽

L. Hofmann

Keyword(s):

Light Quality ◽

Forage Grasses ◽

Cool Season

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Effects of Gibberellic Acid on the Cool Season Regworth of Two Tropical Forage Grasses 1

Agronomy Journal ◽

10.2134/agronj1976.00021962006800020041x ◽

1976 ◽

Vol 68 (2) ◽

pp. 365-370 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

A. S. Whitney

Keyword(s):

Gibberellic Acid ◽

Forage Grasses ◽

Cool Season ◽

Tropical Forage

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'Grasslands Maku' lotus seed production - research and practice

NZGA: Research and Practice Series ◽

10.33584/rps.1.1979.3282 ◽

1980 ◽

Vol 1 ◽

pp. 80-86

Author(s):

J.A. Lancashire ◽

J.S. Gomez ◽

A. Mckellar

Keyword(s):

Seed Production ◽

White Clover ◽

Competitive Ability ◽

Cool Season ◽

Slow Recovery ◽

Dual Purpose ◽

Production Techniques ◽

Production Research ◽

Harvesting Techniques ◽

Lotus Pedunculatus

The development of successful seed production techniques for the recently released tetraploid cultivar of Lotus pedunculatus Cav. (syn: L. uliginosis Schk.; and L. major Scop. Sm.) 'Grasslands Maku' must take account of the distinctive agronomic characteristics of the cultivar. These include slow establishment, particularly in the cool season, slow recovery from defoliation, and poor competitive ability with white clover and other weeds in fertile soils. Spring sowings in cooler areas, a minimum of lenient grazings, and the use of low rates (0.5 to 1.0 kg/ha) of ethofumesate to control white clover in establishing stands are recommended. Although shattering of ripe pods can be reduced by careful harvesting techniques and cutting when 70 to 80% of the pods have turned brown, some loss of seed is inevitable. It is suggested that the cultivar should be grown as a specialist seed crop rather than as part of a dual-purpose grazing and seed-production enterprise. Key words: Seed production, 'Maku' Lotus Pedunculatus, lotus, ethofumesate, seed harvesting, Trifolium repens.

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