Green Manure Comparison between Winter Wheat and Corn: Weeds, Yields, and Economics

2016 ◽  
Vol 108 (5) ◽  
pp. 2015-2025 ◽  
Author(s):  
Elina M. Snyder ◽  
Heather D. Karsten ◽  
William S. Curran ◽  
Glenna M. Malcolm ◽  
Jeffrey A. Hyde
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Green Manure

scholarly journals Nitrogen fertility in semiarid dryland wheat production is challenging for beginning organic farmers

2012 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 42-47 ◽  
Author(s):  
Drew J. Lyon ◽  
Gary W. Hergert
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Cropping Systems ◽  
Farming Systems ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Wheat Crop ◽  
N Fertility ◽  
Summer Fallow

AbstractOrganic farming systems use green and animal manures to supply nitrogen (N) to their fields for crop production. The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of green manure and composted cattle manure on the subsequent winter wheat (Triticum aestivumL.) crop in a semiarid environment. Dry pea (Pisum sativumL.) was seeded in early April and terminated at first flower in late June. Composted cattle manure was applied at 0, 11.2 or 22.5 Mg ha−1just prior to pea termination. Winter wheat was planted in mid September following the green manure or tilled summer fallow. No positive wheat response to green manure or composted cattle manure was observed in any of the 3 years of the study. In 2 of the 3 years, wheat yields and grain test weight were reduced following green manure. Green manure reduced grain yields compared with summer fallow by 220 and 1190 kg ha−1in 2009 and 2010, respectively. This may partially be explained by 40 and 47 mm less soil water at wheat planting following peas compared with tilled summer fallow in 2008 and 2009, respectively. Also, in 2008 and 2009, soil nitrate level averaged 45 kg ha−1higher for black fallow compared with green manure fallow when no compost was added. Organic growers in the semiarid Central Great Plains will be challenged to supply N fertility to their winter wheat crop in a rapid and consistent manner as a result of the inherently variable precipitation. Growers may need to allow several years to pass before seeing the benefits of fertility practices in their winter wheat cropping systems.

scholarly journals Influence of green manure phytomass treatment by microbial preparations on grain productivity and quality indicators of winter wheat

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
A.V. Prikhodko ◽  
◽  
I.A. Kameneva ◽  
A.I. Yakubovskaya ◽  
N.V. Karaeva ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Organic Fertilizer ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Plant Residues ◽  
Net Income ◽  
Economic Point ◽  
Yield Increase ◽  
Stage Of Development ◽  
Biological Preparation

Treatment of the triticale phytomass with the complex biological preparation KBP-5M before incorporation into the soil contributed to the activation of microbiological processes in the 0-30 cm layer. In the variants when the plant was in the phenological stage of spike emergence, we noted an increase in the content of N-NO3 by 0.19-0.46 mg per 100 g of soil; Р2О5 – up to 2.97; K2О – up to mg/100 g. The reason for that was the maximum accumulation of organic matter in the phytomass of triticale at the aforementioned stage of development (8.25-8.52 t/ha). The use of KBP-5M had a positive effect on the development of winter wheat when green manure was the preceding crop. There is a tendency to increase the density of the stalk by 13.3 %, including productive stems – by 3.9 % and the number of grains from 10 plants – by 1.7 % compared to the use of triticale plants as an organic fertilizer without the treatment with biological preparation. Despite the trend of increasing yields from 4.32 to 4.43 t/ha, no reliable yield increase was obtained. When applying KBP-5M on triticale plant residues, there was an increase in protein content by 0.3 % and gluten – by 1.1 % compared to variants without the biological preparation. According to the indicators of 1000-grain weight and hectolitre weight, there were no significant differences between the studied variants. The use of KBP-5M has been justified from an economic point of view since 277 to 1535 rubles per ha of contingent net income was obtained and the payback ratio for the use of the biological product was 1.05–5.79.

Winter wheat yield and nitrous oxide emissions in response to cowpea-based green manure and nitrogen fertilization

2019 ◽  
Vol 56 (2) ◽  
pp. 239-254 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tanka P. Kandel ◽  
Prasanna H. Gowda ◽  
Brian K. Northup ◽  
Alexandre C. Rocateli
Keyword(s):  
Nitrous Oxide ◽  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Inorganic Nitrogen ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Nitrous Oxide Emissions ◽  
Soil Mineral N ◽  
Soil Mineral ◽  
Mineral N ◽  
Winter Wheat Yield

AbstractThe aim of this study was to compare the effects of cowpea green manure and inorganic nitrogen (N) fertilizers on yields of winter wheat and soil emissions of nitrous oxide (N2O). The comparisons included cowpea grown solely as green manure where all biomass was terminated at maturity by tillage, summer fallow treatments with 90 kg N ha−1 as urea (90-N), and no fertilization (control) at planting of winter wheat. Fluxes of N2O were measured by closed chamber methods after soil incorporation of cowpea in autumn (October–November) and harvesting of winter wheat in summer (June–August). Growth and yields of winter wheat and N concentrations in grain and straw were also measured. Cowpea produced 9.5 Mg ha−1 shoot biomass with 253 kg N ha−1 at termination. Although soil moisture was favorable for denitrification after soil incorporation of cowpea biomass, low concentrations of soil mineral N restricted emissions of N2O from cowpea treatment. However, increased concentrations of soil mineral N and large rainfall-induced emissions were recorded from the cowpea treatment during summer. Growth of winter wheat, yield, and grain N concentrations were lowest in response to cowpea treatment and highest in 90-N treatment. In conclusion, late terminated cowpea may reduce yield of winter wheat and increase emissions of N2O outside of wheat growing seasons due to poor synchronization of N mineralization from cowpea biomass with N-demand of winter wheat.

Contribution of green manure legumes to nitrogen dynamics in traditional winter wheat cropping system in the Loess Plateau of China

2016 ◽  
Vol 72 ◽  
pp. 47-55 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhang Dabin ◽  
Yao Pengwei ◽  
Zhao Na ◽  
Yu Changwei ◽  
Cao Weidong ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Loess Plateau ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Cropping System ◽  
Nitrogen Dynamics ◽  
The Loess Plateau

Clover green manure productivity and weed suppression in an organic grain rotation

2016 ◽  
Vol 32 (5) ◽  
pp. 474-483 ◽  
Author(s):  
Katja Koehler-Cole ◽  
James R. Brandle ◽  
Charles A. Francis ◽  
Charles A. Shapiro ◽  
Erin E. Blankenship ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
White Clover ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Red Clover ◽  
Late Summer ◽  
Weed Suppression ◽  
Grain Protein ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Sampling Times

AbstractGreen manure crops must produce high biomass to supply biological N, increase organic matter and control weeds. The objectives of our study were to assess above-ground biomass productivity and weed suppression of clover (Trifolium spp.) green manures in an organic soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.]-winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)-corn (Zea mays L.) rotation in eastern Nebraska in three cycles (2011–12, 2012–13, 2013–14). Treatments were green manure species [red clover (T. pratense L.) and white clover (T. repens L.)] undersown into winter wheat in March and green manure mowing regime (one late summer mowing or no mowing). We measured wheat productivity and grain protein at wheat harvest, and clover and weed above-ground biomass as dry matter (DM) at wheat harvest, 35 days after wheat harvest, in October and in April before clover termination. Winter wheat grain yields and grain protein were not affected by undersown clovers. DM was higher for red than for white clover at most sampling times. Red clover produced between 0.4 and 5.5 Mg ha−1 in the fall and 0.4–5.2 Mg ha−1 in the spring. White clover produced between 0.1 and 2.5 Mg ha−1 in the fall and 0.2–3.1 Mg ha−1 in the spring. Weed DM was lower under red clover than under white clover at most sampling times. In the spring, weed DM ranged from 0.0 to 0.6 Mg ha−1 under red clover and from 0.0 to 3.1 Mg ha−1 under white clover. Mowing did not consistently affect clover or weed DM. For organic growers in eastern Nebraska, red clover undersown into winter wheat can be a productive green manure with good weed suppression potential.

scholarly journals Influence of the fertilization on the winter wheat in the crop rotations and in the long-term monoculture

2008 ◽  
Vol 54 (No. 5) ◽  
pp. 190-196 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. Babulicová
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Crop Rotations ◽  
Continuous Cropping ◽  
Organic Fertilization ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Straw Incorporation ◽  
Control Variant ◽  
Grain Yield And Quality

The effect of mineral and organic fertilization on grain yield and quality of winter wheat in crop rotations and in continuous cropping was investigated. The study was conducted in Borovce (near Piešťany) on Luvi-Haplic Chernozem in the years 2002–2004. Mineral and organic fertilization of winter wheat growing in monoculture was more effective than mineral fertilization in crop rotations. In the case of winter wheat growing in monoculture, statistically higher grain yield (5.10 t/ha) was obtained in the variant with straw and green manure incorporation compared to the control variant (4.73 t/ha) and the variant with straw incorporation (4.75 t/ha). In the Solara variety, statistically higher number of plants before harvest was recorded in the variant with straw and green manure incorporation (194 plants per 1 m<sup>2</sup>) than in the variant with straw incorporation only (149 plants per 1 m<sup>2</sup>). As for the winter wheat grain in the sequence 2, based on the wet gluten content (30.3%) the Solara variety was classified in the elite class E in the variant with straw and green manure incorporation, and in the improving class A in the control variant.

scholarly journals Variability in 1000 kernel weight of winter bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes depending on ecological and agrotechnical factors

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
O. Demydov ◽  
I. Pravdziva ◽  
V. Hudzenko ◽  
O. Demyanyuk ◽  
N. Vasylenko
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Sowing Date ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Kernel Weight ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
General Tendency ◽  
Preceding Crop ◽  
Sowing Dates

In the ecological conditions of the central part of the Ukrainian Forest-Steppe (The V. M. Remeslo Myronivka Institute of Wheat, NAAS of Ukraine) the influence of growing season conditions (2016-17–2018-19), sowing dates (September 26, October 5, October 16) and different preceding crops (green manure, mustard, soybean, sunflower, corn) on variability of 1000 kernel weight of seventeen modern genotypes of winter wheat was investigated. Under environments of the central part of the Ukrainian Forest-Steppe, significant variability in the trait depending on the factors under study was revealed. Part of sum square for the growing season conditions in the variation of 1000 kernel weight of winter wheat was the most (63.2%). Part of sum square for genotype was 7.0%, for preceding crop it was 4.8%, for sowing dates it was 0.4%. In terms of growing season, the variation in part of sum square was 23.5–30.1% for genotype, 12.7–39.8% for preceding crop, 0.8–6.1% for sowing date, and 2.0–26.5% for interactions between them. During the period of the study, on average for all genotypes, the maximum 1000 kernel weight was obtained after green manure (42.6 g), the least one was after soybean (39.0 g). When changing the sowing dates from September 26 to October 16, it was revealed a general tendency of decrease 1000 kernel weight after the preceding crops mustard, sunflower, corn, and soybean. Significant differences in the response of genotypes under study on the sowing dates after different preceding crops were revealed. The most influence on 1000 kernel weight was established for preceding crops in the variety MIP Darunok and for sowing dates in the variety MIP Vidznaka. There were distinguished the varieties Trudivnytsia myronivska, Balada myronivska, MIP Dniprianka, Avrora myronivska, MIP Darunok which significantly exceeded the standard by 1000 kernel weight on average through the growing season conditions, sowing dates, and preceding crops.

scholarly journals Effects of green manures during fallow on moisture and nutrients of soil and winter wheat yield on the Loss Plateau of China

2018 ◽  
pp. 978
Author(s):  
Naiwen Xue Tianqing Du
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Nutrients ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Wheat Yield ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Green Manures ◽  
Ground Biomass ◽  
Summer Fallow ◽  
Better Than

The application of catch crops as a green manure can enhance soil fertility owing to improving soil nutrients. We conducted one year field experiment to evaluate the effect of catch crops [Rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) under different sowing rates and Soy bean (Glycine max L.)] with biological organic fertilizer 1,500 kg/ha on wheat yield and soil nutrients. The green manures were sown on 3th July 2015 during summer fallow. At the beginning, there were five treatments as follows: R1 (Rapeseed and sowing rate was 7.5 kg/ha); R2 (Rapeseed and sowing rate was 15 kg/ha); R3 (Rapeseed and sowing rate was 22.5 kg/ha); S (Soy bean and sowing rate was 105 kg/ha); C (Control was bare field). Every green manure treatment was split into two treatments on 27th September 2015. One treatment we turned the above ground biomass of green manure into the soil. And another treatment we harvested the above ground biomass of green manure. The above ground biomass turned into soil treatments were G1, G3, G5 and G7. The above ground biomass harvested treatments were G2, G4, G6 and G8. The treatment C was still the bare field. Soil samples were taken twice to measure soil moisture and nutrients at two stages. One stage was in autumn before winter wheat sowing and another stage was in next year summer after wheat harvest. The significantly highest 1,000-grain weight and grain yield belonged to the treatment C, which were 10.69%-36.87% and 16.86%-72.5% higher than that of the green manures treatments. After wheat harvest, the 0-20 cm soil available N and total N of G7 were 51.40%-20.45% and 95.12%-125.35% significantly better than that of other treatments. The significantly highest soil total P of 0-20 cm belonged to G3 after wheat harvest, which was 25%-45.83% better than other treatments. Before wheat sowing, the treatment C kept the significantly lowest soil available K of five layers. The 0-20 cm and 20-40 cm soil organic matter of the treatment S was 40.28%-71.12% and 53.92%-122.67% significantly higher than other treatments before wheat sowing. Therefore, growing rapeseed and soy bean during summer fallow in this region significantly reduced 1,000-grain weight and grain yield of subsequent winter wheat. But the incorporation of green manures improved the soil nutrients to some extent.

INFLUENCE OF FERTILIZERS TYPES ON THE NUTRIENTS DYNAMICS IN THE ARABLE LAYER OF A MEADOW CHESTNUT SOIL

1970 ◽  
pp. 51-55
Author(s):  
S. А. Teymurov ◽  
А. N. Yarmagomedov ◽  
А. V. Ramazanov ◽  
T. T. Babaev
Keyword(s):  
Winter Wheat ◽  
Green Manure ◽  
Chestnut Soil ◽  
Cattle Manure ◽  
Mineral Fertilizers ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
The Republic ◽  
Soil Agrochemical Properties ◽  
Green Manure Crops ◽  
Spring Rape

The article presents the results of a field experiment on the different fertilizers effect (green manure, manure, straw, mineral fertilizers) on the soil agrochemical properties under the Terek-Sulak plain of the Republic of Dagestan irrigation conditions. At the experimental Kirov station, of the Khasavyurt District on a total area of 1505 m2 in 2015-2019 were studied the content of the main nutrients in cattle manure, the phytomass of green manure crops and the dynamics of fertilizers for nutrients in the arable layer. Green manure crops (seed peas, spring rape, and amaranth) were sown during the stubble period after harvesting winter wheat. The plowing under of green manures herbage was carried out in the initial phase of budding, winter wheat straw – 2 t / ha, cattle manure – 30 t / ha, mineral fertilizers – N150P75K75. Then water-charging irrigation was used 1000-1200 m3 / ha. Soil studies revealed that in the areas of the experiment where the sowing peas grew, nitrate nitrogen for the entire growing season next year contained 37.8-54.1 mg / kg, mobile phosphorus under crops of spring grain crops – 33.0-34.84 mg / kg of soil was noted in spring and to autumn its amount in the topsoil was gradually decreased (23.5-24.9 mg / kg). The exchangeable potassium amount in the meadow chestnut soil (control without fertilizers) was varied slightly. The manure application by its positive effect on the specified soil regime approaches to the spring rape and amaranth green mass plowing under. The most favorable soil regime under irrigated conditions were formed during plowing of the sowing peas green mass.

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