Kernel Growth Rate and Duration in Maize as Affected by Plant Density and Genotype 1

Crop Science ◽  
1979 ◽  
Vol 19 (3) ◽  
pp. 385-388 ◽  
Author(s):  
C. G. Poneleit ◽  
D. B. Egli
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Genotype 1 ◽  
Kernel Growth

A Model of Wheat Grain Growth and Its Applications to Different Temperature and Carbon Dioxide Levels

1995 ◽  
Vol 22 (5) ◽  
pp. 843 ◽  
Author(s):  
YP Wang ◽  
RM Gifford
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Grain Growth ◽  
Temperature Response ◽  
Rate Sensitivity ◽  
Temperature Sensitive ◽  
Potential Growth ◽  
Carbon Supply ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Carbon Dioxide Levels ◽  
Kernel Growth

Kernel growth after anthesis is simulated as a function of the potential kernel growth rate, current photosynthate production and mobilisation of stored reserves. The potential growth rate of the kernel is simulated as two temperature-sensitive processes, cell production and cell growth. The difference between the potential and actual growth rates of the kernel depends on the carbon supply to the free space of the kernel endosperm, while the carbon supply is itself affected by the actual kernel growth rate. Sensitivity analysis showed that the growth rate of the grain per plant is most sensitive to the potential growth rate of the kernel and number of kernels per plant. This model is able to simulate the observed rates of grain growth and leaf senescence from anthesis to physiological maturity for wheat plants grown in two CO2 concentrations. The simulated temperature response of grain growth agrees well with the experimenal observations.

EFFECTS OF TEMPERATURE ON RATE AND DURATION OF KERNEL DRY MATTER ACCUMULATION OF MAIZE

1988 ◽  
Vol 68 (4) ◽  
pp. 935-940 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. TOLLENAAR ◽  
T. W. BRUULSEMA
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Zea Mays ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Controlled Environment ◽  
Dry Matter Accumulation ◽  
Linear Kernel ◽  
Effects Of Temperature ◽  
Kernel Growth

The response of rate and duration of kernel dry matter accumulation to temperatures in the range 10–25 °C was studied for two maize (Zea mays L.) hybrids grown under controlled-environment conditions. Kernel growth rates during the period of linear kernel growth increased linearly with temperature (b = 0.3 mg kernel−1 d−1 °C−1). Kernel dry weight at physiological maturity varied little among temperature treatments because the increase in kernel growth rate with increase in temperature was associated with a decline in the duration of kernel growth proportional to the increase in kernel growth rate.Key words: Zea mays L, period of linear kernel dry matter accumulation, controlled-environment conditions, kernel growth rate

scholarly journals Growth and Yield Response of Groundnut (Arachis hypogaea L.) Varieties to Plant Density

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 633
Author(s):  
Gilbert Nwogboduhu Nwokwu ◽  
Ifeoma Lilian Agbedo Odoh ◽  
Egwu Patricia Ngozi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Relative Growth Rate ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Total Yield ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Yield Parameters ◽  
Number Of Seeds ◽  
Number Of Branches

A field experiment was conducted at the research field of Faculty of Agriculture and Natural Resources Management, Ebonyi State University Abakaliki during the 2018 farming season to determine the effect of plant density on growth, yield and yield components of groundnut varieties. The experiment was conducted in a 3x4 factorial laid out in a randomized complete block design (RCBD). The treatments comprised three groundnut varieties (SAMNUT 24, 25 and 26) and four planting densities (40,000, 80,000, 120,000, and 160,000 plants ha-1). Each treatment was replicated four times. The parameters measured were plant height, number of leaves per plant, number of branches per plant, days to 50% flowering, shoot dry weight, leaf area index, crop growth rate, relative growth rate, net assimilation rate, number of pod per plant, pod weight per plant, hundred seed weight, number of seeds per plant, shelling percentage and total yield per hectare. The results showed that groundnut varieties were significant in all growth and yield parameters assessed except number of days to 50% flowering, Relative Growth Rate, number of pod per plant, and hundred seed weight while planting density recorded significant effect on all the growth and yield parameters. There were also significant interaction effects of varieties and plant density on plant height, number of branches per plant, leaf area index, relative growth rate, pod weight per plant, number of seeds per plant, and total yield per hectare. This result indicated that SAMNUT 26 and plant density of 160,000 plants ha-1 recorded the highest yield of groundnut and can be recommended for the farmers in the study area.

Late Planting Effects on Early Versus Late Pearl Millet Genotypes in Niger

1993 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Reddy ◽  
P. L. Visser
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Crop Growth Rate

SummaryThe performance of two contrasting pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) genotypes was compared following five planting dates under rainfed conditions in deep sandy soils at Bengou, Niger in 1986 and 1987. The early and partially photo-sensitive cultivar HKB yielded more grain than the late and photo-sensitive cultivar Somno when planted with the first two seasonal rains. But after delayed planting, the crop growth rate and harvest index of cultivar HKB were reduced, leading to smaller grain yields even though the growth period, rainfall, radiation and temperature were similar at all the planting dates. In contrast, cultivar Somno maintained a small but stable harvest index over various planting dates, so that although its growth period and crop growth rate were reduced by delayed planting, the reduction in grain yield was less. Since agronomic manipulation, such as increased plant density and fertilizer application, can be used to increase crop growth rate, photo-sensitive millet genotypes such as cultivar Somno could be used for late July plantings in the Sudano-Sahelian zone.

scholarly journals Interactions between spring wheat (Triticum aestivum ssp. vulgare L.) and undersown Persian clover (Trifolium resupinatum L.) depending on growth stage and plant density

2016 ◽  
Vol 69 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Maria Wanic ◽  
Monika Myśliwiec ◽  
Magdalena Jastrzębska ◽  
Marzena Michalska
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Factors ◽  
Spring Wheat ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Relative Yield ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Competitive Balance ◽  
Agricultural Practice ◽  
Persian Clover

A pot experiment was conducted in the years 2010–2012. The competitive interactions between spring wheat and undersown Persian clover, depending on plant density have been established. The plants were grown in a mixture and in pure sowing at a higher density (according to the rules of proper agricultural practice) and at a density reduced by 20%. Based on measurements of dry matter in the aboveground parts and roots conducted at the wheat growth stages (BBCH) such as: leaf development (12–14), tillering (21–23), stem elongation (31–32), inflorescence emergence (54–56), and ripening (87–89), calculations of indicators such as: relative yield, relative yield total, competitive balance index and relative efficiency index, were performed. Competition between spring wheat and Persian clover continued from the wheat tillering stage until the end of vegetation. The strongest interactions were at the stem elongation stage (the plants competed for 95% of the growth factors), while at the end of vegetation the competition decreased slightly (it concerned 85% of the resources). The aboveground parts influenced one another with higher intensity than the roots. This was visible particularly well during the inflorescence emergence stage, during which the plants accumulated only 8% of the resources in the aboveground parts, while 89% was accumulated in the roots. Wheat proved to be the stronger competitor for the growth factors. It reduced by more than twice the increase in the biomass of Persian clover from tillering until the end of vegetation. In the mixture, the relative growth rate of the aboveground parts of clover was higher than in the case of wheat, while the growth rate of the roots was similar for both species. Plant density had no significant impact on the intensity of mutual interactions.

scholarly journals Comparison of Growth Indices of Nigella sativa L. under Different Plant Densities and Fertilization

2019 ◽  
pp. 231
Author(s):  
Ioannis Roussis, Ioanna Kakabouki, Dimitrios Bilalis
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Nigella Sativa ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Growth Indices ◽  
Area Index ◽  
High Plant Density ◽  
Plant Densities

Agronomic practices such as plant density and fertilizer management are referred to comprise crop environment, which influences plant growth, productivity, and ultimately the yield. The objective of the current study was to evaluate the influence of plant density and fertilization on the growth and growth indices of Nigella sativa crop and to determine the association between yield and growth characteristics at both the single plant and crop stand level. The 2-year experiment was laid out in a split-plot design, with three replications, two main plots (200 and 300 plants m-2) and four sub-plots (fertilization treatments: control, compost, farmyard manure and inorganic fertilizer). The highest absolute growth rate (AGR) (0.0321 g day-1) and relative growth rate (RGR) (0.0714 g g-1 day-1) values were recorded when plants subjected to low-density and inorganic fertilization, while the highest crop growth rate (CGR) (8.0342 g m-2 day-1) was obtained under high-plant density and inorganic fertilization. Concerning specific leaf area (SLA), the highest value (196.28 cm2 g-1) was found in inorganic fertilized treatment. Leaf area index (LAI), Leaf area duration (LAD) and Biomass duration (BMD) were positively affected by both plant density and fertilization with the greatest values observed under high-density and fertilization. In conclusion, plant densities higher than 200 plants m-2 lead to higher crop growth, but lower growth of individual plants and decreased seed yield, while the application of inorganic fertilizers increases crop growth and yield as these fertilizers contain higher levels of nitrogen with high solubility and therefore quick availability for the crop than the organic fertilizers.

scholarly journals Influence of Plant Population and Nitrogen-Fertilizer at Various Levels on Growth and Growth Efficiency of Maize

2013 ◽  
Vol 2013 ◽  
pp. 1-9 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. I. Tajul ◽  
M. M. Alam ◽  
S. M. M. Hossain ◽  
K. Naher ◽  
M. Y. Rafii ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Field Experiments ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Maximum Yield ◽  
Growth Efficiency ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Relative Growth ◽  
Spad Value ◽  
N Rates

Field experiments were conducted to evaluate plant population and N-fertilizer effects on yield and yield components of maize (Zea maysL.). Three levels of plant populations (53000, 66000, and 800000 plants ha−1corresponding to spacings of 75 × 25, 60 × 25, and 50 × 25 cm) and 4 doses of N (100, 140, 180, and 220 kg ha−1) were the treatment variables. Results revealed that plant growth, light interception (LI), yield attributes, and grain yield varied significantly due to the variations in population density and N-rates. Crop growth rate (CGR) was the highest with the population of 80,000 ha−1receiving 220 kg N ha−1, while relative growth rate (RGR) showed an opposite trend of CGR. Light absorption was maximum when most of densely populated plant received the highest amount of N (220 kg N ha−1). Response of soil-plant-analysis development (SPAD) value as well as N-content to N-rates was found significant. Plant height was the maximum at the lowest plant density with the highest amount of N. Plants that received 180 kg N ha−1with 80,000 plants ha−1had larger foliage, greater SPAD value, and higher amount of grains cob−1that contributed to the maximum yield (5.03 t ha−1) and the maximum harvest index (HI) compared to the plants in other treatments.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document