Late Planting Effects on Early Versus Late Pearl Millet Genotypes in Niger

1993 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 121-129 ◽  
Author(s):  
K. C. Reddy ◽  
P. L. Visser
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Planting Dates ◽  
Crop Growth Rate

SummaryThe performance of two contrasting pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum) genotypes was compared following five planting dates under rainfed conditions in deep sandy soils at Bengou, Niger in 1986 and 1987. The early and partially photo-sensitive cultivar HKB yielded more grain than the late and photo-sensitive cultivar Somno when planted with the first two seasonal rains. But after delayed planting, the crop growth rate and harvest index of cultivar HKB were reduced, leading to smaller grain yields even though the growth period, rainfall, radiation and temperature were similar at all the planting dates. In contrast, cultivar Somno maintained a small but stable harvest index over various planting dates, so that although its growth period and crop growth rate were reduced by delayed planting, the reduction in grain yield was less. Since agronomic manipulation, such as increased plant density and fertilizer application, can be used to increase crop growth rate, photo-sensitive millet genotypes such as cultivar Somno could be used for late July plantings in the Sudano-Sahelian zone.

scholarly journals Effect of Integrated Nutrient Management on Yield Attributes and Yield of Black Gram Cv. Pu-31

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Harkesh Meena ◽  
Vikram Bharati ◽  
D.K. Dwivedi ◽  
S.K. Singh ◽  
Rohin Choudhary ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Plant Height ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutrient Management ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Organic Manure ◽  
Black Gram ◽  
Yield Attributes ◽  
Crop Growth Rate

Background: The main pulses grown in India are chickpea, arhar, lentil, black gram, mung bean, moth bean, horse gram, pea, khesari, cowpea, etc. Black gram is fourth major pulse crop in India, that contributes 13 and 10 per cent of total area and production respectively. This is annual plant that attains 30-100 cm height and its stem is covered with brown hairs and much branched from the base. The pods are long and cylindrical being 5-6 cm length and 4-10 seed in pods. The seeds are generally black, very dark brown. Methods: The field experiment was conducted in kharif-2019 at research farm of Tirhut College of Agriculture Dholi, to study the effect of integrated nutrient management on growth, yield parameters and the yield of black gram cv-PU-31, by the use different sources of nutrient in a integrated manner such as three level of fertilizer i.e. F1-75, F2-100 and F3-125% RDF and two levels of organic manure i.e. M1-control and M2-FYM @ 5 t ha-1 and three levels of biofertilizer i.e., B1-rhizobium, B2-nutrient mobilizer, B3-rhizobium+ nutrient mobilizer. The treatments were allocated in randomized block design (factorial) and replicated thrice. Result: The results revealed that F3 produced taller plants, more dry matter, crop growth rate (CGR) yield attributes resulting higher yield of grain and straw (10.78, 22.61 q ha-1 respectively) which was statistically at par with plant height, dry matter, crop growth rate, yield attributes and yield of grain, straw and highest harvest index (10.73, 22.20 q ha-1 and 32.58% respectively) to F2. Among addition of organic manure significantly maximum plant height, dry matter and crop growth rate and yield attributes resulting maximum yield of grain, straw and harvest index (11.2, 22.79 q ha-1 and 33.31% respectively) was found in M2 over M1. In biofertilizer treatments, B3 recorded higher plant height, dry matter and crop growth rate, yield attributes resulting in significantly higher yield of grain, straw and harvest index (10.26, 21.90 q ha-1 and 31.92% respectively) over B1 and B2.

scholarly journals Effects of Cultivation Management on Pearl Millet Yield and Growth Differed with Rainfall Conditions in a Seasonal Wetland of Sub-Saharan Africa

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (9) ◽  
pp. 1767
Author(s):  
Yoshihiro Hirooka ◽  
Simon K. Awala ◽  
Kudakwashe Hove ◽  
Pamwenafye I. Nanhapo ◽  
Morio Iijima
Keyword(s):  
Pearl Millet ◽  
Crop Production ◽  
Pennisetum Glaucum ◽  
Growth Parameters ◽  
Growth Period ◽  
Fertilizer Application ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Mineral Fertilization ◽  
Seasonal Wetlands ◽  
Sub Saharan

The production of pearl millet (Pennisetum glaucum (L.) R.Br.) is important in Namibia, in sub-Saharan Africa, owing to the prevailing low precipitation conditions. Most fields supporting crop production in northern Namibia are located in a network of seasonal wetlands. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the effects of ridging and fertilizer application on the yield and the growth of pearl millet in the seasonal wetlands under different rainfall conditions. The study was conducted for two years (2017–2018) in the experimental fields in northern Namibia, and yield, yield components, and growth parameters were evaluated in relation to the application of different fertilizers (manure and mineral) with and without ridge-furrows. Manure fertilizer application presented the highest yield in 2018, whereas mineral fertilizer application showed the highest yield in 2017. The proportion of rainfall was the highest during the mid-growth period in 2017, and the reproductive stage in 2018. Thus, pearl millet plants under manure fertilization overcame damage resulting from waterlogging stress during the seed setting stage by improving the soil and plant nutrient conditions. In contrast, the plants under mineral fertilization were more tolerant to large amounts of rain during the mid-growth period. In this study, yield was mainly determined by total dry weight, and it was closely related to panicle density in both years. Therefore, we concluded that fertilizer application, including additional fertilizer based on the growth diagnostic, could be important for improving crop production in seasonal wetlands.

Environmental and Agronomic Effects on the Growth of Four Peanut Cultivars in a Sub-tropical Environment. II. Dry Matter Partitioning

1993 ◽  
Vol 29 (4) ◽  
pp. 491-501 ◽  
Author(s):  
M. J. Bell ◽  
G. C. Wright ◽  
G. Harch
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Spatial Arrangement ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Crop Growth Rate ◽  
Pod Yield ◽  
Sowing Dates ◽  
Rate Of Increase ◽  
Peanut Cultivars

SummaryThe partitioning of dry matter between vegetative and reproductive yield components was analysed for four diverse peanut cultivars at a range of sowing dates and plant populations in sub-tropical Queensland, Australia. Rates of accumulation of pods (pod addition) varied significantly with both cultivar and sowing date. Within cultivars, much of this variation could be attributed to variation in crop growth rate during the critical pod addition period. The proportion of current assimilate distributed to pods depended on inherent cultivar characteristics and also correlated well with the current crop growth rate relative to the crop growth rate during pod addition (that is, with relative source activity). Neither plant density nor spatial arrangement had any significant effects on patterns of assimilate distribution. All cultivars appeared capable of remobilizing stored assimilate to maintain constant rates of pod yield increase despite fluctuations in crop growth rate which might be expected to produce short term source limitations to pod yield accumulation. The harvest index (HI) increased linearly during the entire pod fill period in all cultivars except the very early maturing Spanish cultivar Chico. Neither density nor spatial arrangement affected rate of increase in HI except in Chico, where increased density produced increased rates of increase in HI. Variation in the rate of HI increase among sowing dates was small.Distributión de la materia seca en el maní

Physiology of Grain Yield in Groundnuts (Arachis hypogea)

1977 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 101-110 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. A. C. Enyi
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Area ◽  
Land Surface ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Dry Weight ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Crop Growth Rate ◽  
Arachis Hypogea ◽  
Leaf Area Duration

SUMMARYDodoma Edible outyielded Natal Common groundnut, due to varietal effects associated with differences in pod number, leaf area duration, crop growth rate, number of grains/pod and m2, and weight of individual grain. Increase in plant density led to an increase in grain yield. There was a close and positive relation between stem and pod dry weight; grain yield and leaf area duration; and crop growth rate, grain yield and grain number/m2 of land surface. A greater proportion of total dry matter was diverted into the stems of Dodoma Edible than Natal Common.

Biomass and yield performance of kabuli chickpea cultivars with the fern or unifoliate leaf trait in the Northern Great Plains

2006 ◽  
Vol 86 (4) ◽  
pp. 1089-1097 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lin Li ◽  
Rosalind A Bueckert ◽  
Yantai Gan ◽  
Tom Warkentin
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Great Plains ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Plant Population ◽  
The Other ◽  
Northern Great Plains ◽  
Above Ground Biomass ◽  
Crop Growth Rate ◽  
Ground Biomass

Chickpea (Cicer arietinum L.) has two kinds of leaf types, the fern and unifoliate. The best leaf type to use for biomass production and yield in the short growing season of the Northern Great Plains, which has a semiarid environment with end of season rainfall, is not yet known. The objectives of this research were to determine the relationships between leaf type and crop growth rate, maximum above-ground biomass, harvest index and yield under moderate and high plant population densities. The study was conducted in the field at Saskatoon and Swift Current, Saskatchewan, in 2003 and 2004. The experimental treatments consisted of a factorial combination of six commercial kabuli chickpea cultivars representing the two leaf types and two plant population densities: 45 and 85 plants m-2. There were no cultivar and plant population interactions for crop growth rate, maximum above-ground biomass, harvest index and seed yield. Dry matter production was higher in the 2004 season, which had above-average rainfall and a longer duration of reproductive growth. Although high plant population exhibited higher maximum above-ground biomass in 3 location-years, plant population did not affect the crop growth rate. The 45 plants m-2 treatment had a higher harvest index than the 85 plants m-2 treatment in 2 location-years, but both population treatments were similar in the other two environments. Yield of chickpea was increased by higher plant population in 1 location-year, but was not affected by plant population in the other location-years. The fern leaf cultivars had a higher crop growth rate over the unifoliate leaf cultivars in 2 location-years and no significant difference in the other environment. Fern-leaf cultivars partitioned more dry matter to seed growth compared with unifoliate cultivars while sustaining similar biomass production as unifoliate cultivars. The use of fern-leaf cultivars in the Northern Great Plains appears to be an opportunity for increasing chickpea yield by its superior harvest index compared with unifoliate leaf cultivars. Key words: Cicer arietinum, fern leaf, unifoliate, plant population, seed yield

Effects of Plant Density on Growth and Yield of Oil Palm

1973 ◽  
Vol 9 (2) ◽  
pp. 169-180 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. H. V. Corley
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Oil Palm ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Crop Growth Rate ◽  
Matter Production ◽  
Net Assimilation

SUMMARYCrop growth rate of oil palm increases with leaf area index (LAI) to about 40 tons/ha./yr at the highest LAIs obtained. Net assimilation rate and dry matter production per palm decrease with increasing LAI, but the amount of dry matter per palm incorporated in vegetative tissues is unaffected by density. As a result the optimal LAI for oil yield is considerably below the critical LAI for maximum crop growth rate.

Effects of sowing time and sowing density on the growth of subterranean clover at Adelaide

1977 ◽  
Vol 28 (3) ◽  
pp. 427 ◽  
Author(s):  
JH Silsbury ◽  
S Fukai
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Growth Rates ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Plant Density ◽  
Subterranean Clover ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Growth Stages ◽  
Sowing Time ◽  
Area Index ◽  
Crop Growth Rate

Growth curves have been constructed for undefoliated swards of subterranean clover (cv. Woogenellup) established at three plant densities (1,2 and 4 x l03 plants per m2) at three times of the year (May, June and August). The swards grew without any apparent water stress, until early December. The time course of shoot dry matter increase is examined by the use of a logistic function and by the recognition of three growth stages. Maximum crop growth rates ranged from 10 to 15 gm-2 day-1. The rate decreased with increase in density but increased with lateness of sowing, so that the highest crop growth rate was obtained with the lowest plant density sown in August. Estimated end-of-season yields were independent of density but decreased from about 1500 g m-2 for May sowing to 1000 g m-2 for August sowing. Effects of sowing density on the growth pattern persisted throughout the whole season. Swards took 70–100 days to attain a leaf area index (LAI) of 3, after which crop growth rates were almost constant with time and independent of short-term fluctuations in the level of daily solar radiation and average daily temperature. Swards reached a maximum LAI of about 6, LAI being linearly related to the amount of shoot dry matter up to about 600 gm-2 independent of density and sowing time. No evidence was found of an optimal relationship between crop growth rate and LAI.It is concluded that end-of-season yield is independent of plant density above 1000 established plants per m2, and that swards established as late as August have the capacity to attain a yield of 10 tonnes ha-1 provided the growing season is extended.

scholarly journals EFFECT OF BORON AND ETHEPHON IN GROWTH AND YIELD OF BREAD WHEAT

2016 ◽  
Vol 47 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Al-Naqeeb & Hashim
Keyword(s):  
Growth Rate ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Harvest Index ◽  
Triticum Aestivum L ◽  
Crop Growth ◽  
Growth And Yield ◽  
Control Treatment ◽  
Wheat Seed ◽  
Crop Growth Rate ◽  
Biological Yield

The experiment was carried out at the farm of field of Crops Department, College of Agriculture, University of Baghdad during 2010-2011 and 2011-2012 seasons to study the effect of boron elements and ethephon on some growth characteristics and the yield of wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) Abu Ghraib-3 var. A split plot arrangement according to RCBD was used with four replications. The boron spray with three concentrations (50, 75 and 100) mg B.L-1 in addition to control treatment (without boron) as a main plots, and the second factor was soaking of wheat seed with concentrations level of ethephon (1500, 2500 and 3500) mg.L-1 in addition to control treatment (without soaking) as a sub plots. The results of showed that 100 mg B.L-1 gave highest means for plant height (108.81 and 115.53) cm, crop growth rate (32.80 and 35.30) gm.m-2. day-1, number of grains per spike (47.44 and 48.58) grain.spike-1, weight of 1000 grain (42.04 and 41.37) gm, grain yield (4.76 and 5.01)m ton.ha-1, biological yield (12.15 and 12.57) ton.ha-1, harvest index (39.19 and 39.89)%. In addition, the results showed that soak wheat seed with 3500 mg.L-1 caused significant decrease in height plant (93.98 and 101.66) cm and this treatment (3500 mg.L-1) gave highest means for number of tillers (505.29 and 519.06) tiller.m-2, crop growth rate (33.44 and 35.78) gm.m-2. day-1, number of spikes (384.61 and 415.55) spike.m-2, number of grains per spike (46.37 and 47.21) grain.spike-1, grain yield (4.67 and 4.85) ton.ha-1, biological yield (11.96 and 12.55) ton.ha-1 and harvest index (39.01 and 38.61)% for both seasons, respectively. The interaction between 100 mg B.L-1 and 3500 mg.L-1 ethephon gave highest mean for crop growth rate (35.76 and 38.83) gm.m-2. day-1 for both seasons, respectively.

Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document