Relationship of Nitrogen Utilization Patterns with Soybean Yield and Seed‐Fill Period

Crop Science ◽  
1995 ◽  
Vol 35 (3) ◽  
pp. 809-813 ◽  
Author(s):  
B. L. Vasilas ◽  
R. L. Nelson ◽  
J. J. Fuhrmann ◽  
T. A. Evans
2009 ◽  
Vol 35 (11) ◽  
pp. 2055-2063 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yong-Jian SUN ◽  
Yuan-Yuan SUN ◽  
Xu-Yi LI ◽  
Xiang GUO ◽  
Jun MA

1996 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. 317-321 ◽  
Author(s):  
Patrick W. Geier ◽  
Larry D. Maddux ◽  
Loren J. Moshier ◽  
Phillip W. Stahlman

An in-row competition study was conducted in 1991 and 1992 near Silver Lake, KS to determine the relationship of noncultivated common sunflower density to soybean yield, PAR at the soybean canopy, and common sunflower dry matter production. Because of environmental differences, year main effect interactions occurred, so results are presented by year. For example, 0.3 common sunflower plant/m2produced 4030 kg/ha of aboveground dry matter in 1991 and 1300 kg/ha in 1992. Soybean yield reduction ranged from 19 and 17% with 0.3 common sunflower plant/m2to 97 and 95% with 4.6 plant/m2, in 1991 and 1992, respectively. Assuming a treatment cost of $35/ha and a soybean market price of $0.21/kg, economic threshold levels were 0.1 common sunflower plant/m2in 1991, and 0.07 in 1992. Common sunflower at 0.3 plant/m2reduced PAR at the soybean canopy by 390 and 300 μE/m2/s, or 24 and 18% in 1991 and 1992, respectively. We conclude that the ability of common sunflower to intercept PAR above the soybean canopy is an important component in its interference with soybean.


2004 ◽  
Vol 96 (3) ◽  
pp. 1 ◽  
Author(s):  
T. C. Kaspar ◽  
D. J. Pulido ◽  
T. E. Fenton ◽  
T. S. Colvin ◽  
D. L. Karlen ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Evelyn Shapiro ◽  
Noralou P. Roos

ABSTRACTData from the Manitoba Longitudinal Study on Aging were used to focus on the elderly who used 31 or more hospital days in one year and to see if their high use was an isolated event or a persistent pattern by examining their hospital use over a 6-year period. The relationship of several service-provider characteristics to high use was also examined. The majority (58%) of high users were decedents or those about to enter a nursing home and another 22% used 31 or more days in only one of the six years. Indications are that bed/population ratios and physician practice styles are positively related to the hospitalization utilization patterns of high users. These and other findings raise issues requiring further research.


2012 ◽  
Vol 90 (10) ◽  
pp. 3515-3526 ◽  
Author(s):  
E. C. Titgemeyer ◽  
K. S. Spivey ◽  
S. L. Parr ◽  
D. W. Brake ◽  
M. L. Jones

Paleobiology ◽  
1980 ◽  
Vol 6 (02) ◽  
pp. 146-160 ◽  
Author(s):  
William A. Oliver

The Mesozoic-Cenozoic coral Order Scleractinia has been suggested to have originated or evolved (1) by direct descent from the Paleozoic Order Rugosa or (2) by the development of a skeleton in members of one of the anemone groups that probably have existed throughout Phanerozoic time. In spite of much work on the subject, advocates of the direct descent hypothesis have failed to find convincing evidence of this relationship. Critical points are:(1) Rugosan septal insertion is serial; Scleractinian insertion is cyclic; no intermediate stages have been demonstrated. Apparent intermediates are Scleractinia having bilateral cyclic insertion or teratological Rugosa.(2) There is convincing evidence that the skeletons of many Rugosa were calcitic and none are known to be or to have been aragonitic. In contrast, the skeletons of all living Scleractinia are aragonitic and there is evidence that fossil Scleractinia were aragonitic also. The mineralogic difference is almost certainly due to intrinsic biologic factors.(3) No early Triassic corals of either group are known. This fact is not compelling (by itself) but is important in connection with points 1 and 2, because, given direct descent, both changes took place during this only stage in the history of the two groups in which there are no known corals.


Author(s):  
D. F. Blake ◽  
L. F. Allard ◽  
D. R. Peacor

Echinodermata is a phylum of marine invertebrates which has been extant since Cambrian time (c.a. 500 m.y. before the present). Modern examples of echinoderms include sea urchins, sea stars, and sea lilies (crinoids). The endoskeletons of echinoderms are composed of plates or ossicles (Fig. 1) which are with few exceptions, porous, single crystals of high-magnesian calcite. Despite their single crystal nature, fracture surfaces do not exhibit the near-perfect {10.4} cleavage characteristic of inorganic calcite. This paradoxical mix of biogenic and inorganic features has prompted much recent work on echinoderm skeletal crystallography. Furthermore, fossil echinoderm hard parts comprise a volumetrically significant portion of some marine limestones sequences. The ultrastructural and microchemical characterization of modern skeletal material should lend insight into: 1). The nature of the biogenic processes involved, for example, the relationship of Mg heterogeneity to morphological and structural features in modern echinoderm material, and 2). The nature of the diagenetic changes undergone by their ancient, fossilized counterparts. In this study, high resolution TEM (HRTEM), high voltage TEM (HVTEM), and STEM microanalysis are used to characterize tha ultrastructural and microchemical composition of skeletal elements of the modern crinoid Neocrinus blakei.


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