Cytokinin Effects on Creeping Bentgrass Responses to Heat Stress: I. Shoot and Root Growth

Crop Science ◽  
2002 ◽  
Vol 42 (2) ◽  
pp. 457-465 ◽  
Author(s):  
Xiaozhong Liu ◽  
Bingru Huang ◽  
Gary Banowetz
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Shoot And Root Growth

scholarly journals Differential Effects of Lower Day and Night Soil Temperatures on Shoot and Root Growth of Creeping Bentgrass

HortScience ◽  
2003 ◽  
Vol 38 (3) ◽  
pp. 449-454 ◽  
Author(s):  
Qingzhang Xu ◽  
Bingru Huang ◽  
Zhaolong Wang
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Soil Temperature ◽  
Air Temperature ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Root Weight ◽  
Turf Quality ◽  
Air Temperatures ◽  
Soil Temperatures ◽  
Shoot And Root Growth

Turf quality of creeping bentgrass (Agrotis palustris L.) often declines during summer months. Reducing soil temperature alleviates bentgrass quality decline at supraoptimal air temperatures. The objective of this study was to investigate whether reducing soil temperature during the night is more effective than during the day in improving shoot and root growth when air temperature was supraoptimal for creeping bentgrass. The experiment was conducted in growth chambers using water baths to manipulate soil temperatures. Plants were exposed to the following temperature treatments: 1) optimal air and soil temperature during the day and night (20/20 °C, day/night, control); 2) high air and soil temperature during the day and night (35/35 °C, day/night); 3) lower soil temperatures during the day (20/35, 25/35, and 30/35 °C, day/night); and 4) lower soil temperature during the night (35/20, 35/25, and 35/30 °C) while air temperature was maintained at 35 °C during the day and night. Turf quality (on 1-9 scale) increased to the level of 6.5, 3.0, and 2.5 by reducing day soil temperature to 20, 25, or 30 °C, respectively, at 28 days of treatment, compared to the quality of 2.0 at 35/35 °C. Turf quality increased from 2.0 at 35/35 °C to 7.0, 6.0, and 4.5, respectively, by 28 days of exposure to night temperatures of 20, 25, and 30 °C. Chlorophyll content, root number, and root weight also were increased by reducing day or night soil temperature, and the increases were more pronounced for reduced night temperatures than day temperatures. These results demonstrated that reduced night soil temperature was more effective than reduced day soil temperature in improving shoot and root growth in creeping bentgrass under high air temperature conditions.

scholarly journals Impact of Mycorrhization on Phosphorus Utilization Efficiency of Acacia gummifera and Retama monosperma under Salt Stress

Forests ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 12 (5) ◽  
pp. 611
Author(s):  
Abdessamad Fakhech ◽  
Martin Jemo ◽  
Najat Manaut ◽  
Lahcen Ouahmane ◽  
Mohamed Hafidi
Keyword(s):  
Salt Stress ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
N Uptake ◽  
P Uptake ◽  
Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Legume Species ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Phosphorus Utilization ◽  
Phosphorus Utilization Efficiency ◽  
Shoot And Root Growth

The impact of salt stress on the growth and phosphorus utilization efficiency (PUE) of two leguminous species: Retama monosperma and Acacia gummifera was studied. The effectiveness of arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) to mitigate salt stress was furthermore assessed. Growth, N and P tissue concentrations, mycorrhizal root colonization frequency and intensity, and P utilization efficiency (PUE) in the absence or presence of AMF were evaluated under no salt (0 mM L−1) and three salt (NaCl) concentrations of (25, 50 and 100 mM L−1) using a natural sterilized soil. A significant difference in mycorrhizal colonization intensity, root-to-shoot ratio, P uptake, PUE, and N uptake was observed between the legume species. Salt stress inhibited the shoot and root growth, and reduced P and N uptake by the legume species. Mycorrhizal inoculation aided to mitigate the effects of salt stress with an average increase of shoot and root growth responses by 35% and 32% in the inoculated than in the non-inoculated A. gummifera treatments. The average shoot and root growth responses were 37% and 45% higher in the inoculated compared to the non-inoculated treatments of R. monosperma. Average mycorrhizal shoot and root P uptake responses were 66% and 68% under A. gummifera, and 40% and 95% under R. monosperma, respectively. Mycorrhizal inoculated treatments consistently maintained lower PUE in the roots. The results provide insights for further investigations on the AMF conferred mechanisms to salt stress tolerance response by A. gummifera and R. monosperma, to enable the development of effective technologies for sustainable afforestation and reforestation programs in the Atlantic coast of Morocco.

scholarly journals Histidine Kinase Homologs That Act as Cytokinin Receptors Possess Overlapping Functions in the Regulation of Shoot and Root Growth in Arabidopsis

2004 ◽  
Vol 16 (6) ◽  
pp. 1365-1377 ◽  
Author(s):  
Chika Nishimura ◽  
Yoshi Ohashi ◽  
Shusei Sato ◽  
Tomohiko Kato ◽  
Satoshi Tabata ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Histidine Kinase ◽  
Cytokinin Receptors ◽  
Shoot And Root Growth

scholarly journals Chitosan (CTS) Alleviates Heat-Induced Leaf Senescence in Creeping Bentgrass by Regulating Chlorophyll Metabolism, Antioxidant Defense, and the Heat Shock Pathway

Molecules ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (17) ◽  
pp. 5337
Author(s):  
Cheng Huang ◽  
Yulong Tian ◽  
Bingbing Zhang ◽  
Muhammad Jawad Hassan ◽  
Zhou Li ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Heat Shock ◽  
Leaf Senescence ◽  
Heat Tolerance ◽  
Antioxidant Defense ◽  
Creeping Bentgrass ◽  
Grass Species ◽  
Antioxidant Enzyme Activities ◽  
Ros Scavenging ◽  
Chlorophyll Metabolism

Chitosan (CTS) is a deacetylated derivative of chitin that is involved in adaptive response to abiotic stresses. However, the regulatory role of CTS in heat tolerance is still not fully understood in plants, especially in grass species. The aim of this study was to investigate whether the CTS could reduce heat-induced senescence and damage to creeping bentgrass associated with alterations in antioxidant defense, chlorophyll (Chl) metabolism, and the heat shock pathway. Plants were pretreated exogenously with or without CTS (0.1 g L−1) before being exposed to normal (23/18 °C) or high-temperature (38/33 °C) conditions for 15 days. Heat stress induced detrimental effects, including declines in leaf relative water content and photochemical efficiency, but significantly increased reactive oxygen species (ROS) accumulation, membrane lipid peroxidation, and Chl loss in leaves. The exogenous application of CTS significantly alleviated heat-induced damage in creeping bentgrass leaves by ameliorating water balance, ROS scavenging, the maintenance of Chl metabolism, and photosynthesis. Compared to untreated plants under heat stress, CTS-treated creeping bentgrass exhibited a significantly higher transcription level of genes involved in Chl biosynthesis (AsPBGD and AsCHLH), as well as a lower expression level of Chl degradation-related gene (AsPPH) and senescence-associated genes (AsSAG12, AsSAG39, Asl20, and Ash36), thus reducing leaf senescence and enhancing photosynthetic performance under heat stress. In addition, the foliar application of CTS significantly improved antioxidant enzyme activities (SOD, CAT, POD, and APX), thereby effectively reducing heat-induced oxidative damage. Furthermore, heat tolerance regulated by the CTS in creeping bentgrass was also associated with the heat shock pathway, since AsHSFA-6a and AsHSP82 were significantly up-regulated by the CTS during heat stress. The potential mechanisms of CTS-regulated thermotolerance associated with other metabolic pathways still need to be further studied in grass species.

Dynamic shoot and root growth at different developmental stages of tomato (Solanum lycopersicum Mill.) under acute ozone stress

2013 ◽  
Vol 150 ◽  
pp. 317-325 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aye Aye Thwe ◽  
Gilles Vercambre ◽  
Hélène Gautier ◽  
Loïc Pagès ◽  
Christophe Jourdan ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Root Growth ◽  
Solanum Lycopersicum ◽  
Developmental Stages ◽  
Ozone Stress ◽  
Shoot And Root Growth

scholarly journals Seedling Shoot and Root Growth Responses among Soybean (Glycine max) Genotypes to Drought Stress

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Obed J. Mwenye ◽  
Leon Van Rensburg ◽  
Angeline Van Biljon ◽  
Rouxlene Van der Merwe
Keyword(s):  
Glycine Max ◽  
Drought Stress ◽  
Root Growth ◽  
Growth Responses ◽  
Shoot And Root Growth
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