Correlation between Soil pH, Heterodera glycines Population Densities, and Soybean Yield

Crop Science ◽  
2010 ◽  
Vol 50 (4) ◽  
pp. 1458-1464 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. Pedersen ◽  
G. L. Tylka ◽  
A. Mallarino ◽  
A. E. Macguidwin ◽  
N. C. Koval ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soil Ph ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Soybean Yield

scholarly journals Evaluation of the Combined Effect of Heterodera glycines and Macrophomina phaseolina on Soybean Yield in Naturally Infested Fields with Spatial Regression Analysis and in Greenhouse Studies

2020 ◽  
Vol 110 (2) ◽  
pp. 406-417
Author(s):  
H. D. Lopez-Nicora ◽  
J. K. Carr ◽  
P. A. Paul ◽  
A. E. Dorrance ◽  
T. I. Ralston ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Regression Models ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Spatial Regression ◽  
Macrophomina Phaseolina ◽  
Combined Effect ◽  
Fungal Colonization ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Spatial Regression Models ◽  
Spatial Regression Analysis

Heterodera glycines, the soybean cyst nematode, and Macrophomina phaseolina, causal agent of charcoal rot, are economically important soybean pathogens. The impact and effect of these pathogens on soybean yield in coinfested fields in the Midwest production region is not known. Both pathogens are soilborne, with spatially aggregated distribution and effects. Spatial regression analysis, therefore, is an appropriate method to account for the spatial dependency in either the dependent variable or regression error term from data produced in fields naturally infested with H. glycines and M. phaseolina. The objectives of this study were twofold: to evaluate the combined effect of H. glycines and M. phaseolina on soybean yield in naturally infested commercial fields with ordinary least squares and spatial regression models; and to evaluate, under environmentally controlled conditions, the combined effect of H. glycines and M. phaseolina through nematode reproduction and plant tissue fungal colonization. Six trials were conducted in fields naturally infested with H. glycines and M. phaseolina in Ohio. Systematic-grid sampling was used to determine the population densities of H. glycines and M. phaseolina, and soybean yield estimates. Though not used in any statistical analysis, M. phaseolina colony forming units from plant tissue, charcoal rot severity, and H. glycines type were also recorded and summarized. In two greenhouse experiments, treatments consisted of H. glycines alone, M. phaseolina alone, and coinfestation of soybean with both pathogens. Moran’s I test indicated that the yield from five fields was spatially correlated (P < 0.05) and aggregated. In these fields, to account for spatial dependence, spatial regression models were fitted to the data. Spatial regression analyses revealed a significant interaction effect between H. glycines and M. phaseolina on soybean yield for fields with high initial population densities of both pathogens. In the greenhouse experiments, H. glycines reproduction was significantly (P < 0.05) reduced in the presence of M. phaseolina; however, soybean tissue fungal colonization was not affected by the presence of H. glycines. The direct mechanisms by which H. glycines and M. phaseolina interact were not demonstrated in this study. Future studies must be conducted in the field and greenhouse to better understand this interaction effect.

Spatial analysis of soybean yield in relation to soil texture, soil fertility and soybean cyst nematode

Nematology ◽  
2004 ◽  
Vol 6 (4) ◽  
pp. 527-545 ◽  
Author(s):  
Felicitas Avendaño ◽  
Francis J. Pierce ◽  
Haddish Melakeberhan
Keyword(s):  
Soil Fertility ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Texture ◽  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Soil Conditions ◽  
Yield Losses ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Management Zone

Abstract The objective of this work was to study the spatial distribution of the soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines Ichinohe, in relation to soil fertility (pH, P+, K+, Ca2+, Mg2+ ), and soybean yield spatial patterns in relation to SCN, soil texture and soil fertility. SCN was positively cross-correlated with soil pH within a range of 60-130 m, and negatively cross-correlated with Ca2+ up to a range of 110 m in Field B; the correlation was weaker in Field A. Yield was negatively correlated with SCN. Yield was strongly cross-correlated with soil texture (r(sand)= –0.89, r(clay) = 0.84), soil pH (r = –0.60), and Ca2+ (r = 0.60) in Field B (range = 130-140 m). We conclude that management zone delineation would be an appropriate strategy to overcome yield losses in fields where soil properties and SCN densities appear spatially structured and where SCN and unfavourable soil conditions pose a strong influence on yield spatial variability.

scholarly journals Effects of Tillage Practices on Dissemination and Spatial Patterns of Heterodera glycines and Soybean Yield

Plant Disease ◽  
2007 ◽  
Vol 91 (8) ◽  
pp. 973-978 ◽  
Author(s):  
W. L. Gavassoni ◽  
G. L. Tylka ◽  
G. P. Munkvold
Keyword(s):  
Field Experiments ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Conventional Tillage ◽  
Reduced Tillage ◽  
No Tillage ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Nematode Reproduction ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Tillage Practices ◽  
Ridge Tillage

Two field experiments were conducted in central Iowa to assess the effects of tillage on Heterodera glycines dissemination and reproduction and soybean (Glycine max) yield. Plots in both experiments were artificially infested with equivalent numbers of H. glycines cysts. In one experiment, plots were left noninfested or received aggregated or uniform infestation, and a susceptible soybean cultivar was grown for 3 years. By the end of the first growing season and through the second, H. glycines population densities were consistently greater (P ≤ 0.05) in uniformly infested plots than in plots with aggregated infestations. No differences in soybean yield among the treatments were detected. In a second experiment, a 1-m2 area of each plot was infested with H. glycines cysts, susceptible soybeans were grown for four seasons, and crop residue was managed with either ridge-, conventional-, reduced-, or no-tillage. After 1 year, nematode population densities were significantly (P ≤ 0.05) greater in conventional- and reduced-tillage treatments than in no- and ridge-tillage treatments. After 2 years, H. glycines had been disseminated 6.9 m from the infestation site in conventional- and reduced-tillage treatments but only 0.5 and 1.4 m for no-tillage and ridge-tillage treatments, respectively. After 3 years, H. glycines population densities were 10 times greater in conventional- and reduced-tillage treatments than in the no-tillage treatment; conventional-tillage was the only treatment with yield significantly lower (P ≤ 0.05) than the noninfested control. Aggregation of H. glycines eggs was greater (P ≤ 0.05) in no- and ridge-tillage treatments than in conventional- and reduced-tillage treatments. Results indicate tillage can quickly disseminate H. glycines in newly infested fields, facilitating more rapid nematode reproduction and subsequent yield loss.

scholarly journals Effects of Clariva Complete Beans Seed Treatment on Heterodera glycines Reproduction and Soybean Yield in Iowa

2018 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-8 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kaitlyn M. Bissonnette ◽  
Christopher C. Marett ◽  
Mark P. Mullaney ◽  
Gregory D. Gebhart ◽  
Peter Kyveryga ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Seed Treatment ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Reproductive Factor ◽  
Yield Data ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Small Plot ◽  
Moderately Resistant

In recent years, nematode-protectant seed treatments have become available to supplement resistant soybean cultivars to manage soybean cyst nematode (Heterodera glycines; SCN). Twenty-seven small-plot and 18 strip-trial experiments were conducted comparing the effects of Clariva Complete Beans (CCB) and CruiserMaxx Advanced plus Vibrance (CMV) on SCN reproduction and soybean yield on a moderately resistant (2014) and resistant (2015 to 2016) soybean cultivar. Yield data were collected, and an SCN reproductive factor was calculated by dividing final (at harvest) SCN egg population densities by initial (at planting) population densities from soil samples collected in each small plot or sampled area in the strip trials. Relative to the CMV treatment, CCB significantly decreased SCN reproductive factor in two small-plot experiments (one each in 2014 and 2015) but not in any of the strip trials in any year. Soybean yields were significantly greater with CCB versus CMV in 5 of the 18 strip trials but not in any of the small-plot experiments, even when there were significant decreases in SCN reproduction. For unknown reasons, CCB significantly decreased yields in two small-plot experiments and at one strip-trial location. In summary, the effects of CCB seed treatment on SCN reproduction and soybean yields were variable in the years that these experiments were conducted in Iowa.

Effect of Soil pH and Related Acidity Factors on Yields of Sweetpotatoes and Soybeans Grown on Typical Soils of the Humid Tropics

1969 ◽  
Vol 61 (1) ◽  
pp. 82-89
Author(s):  
Raúl Pérez-Escolar
Keyword(s):  
Puerto Rico ◽  
Soil Ph ◽  
Soil Acidity ◽  
Humid Tropics ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Base Content ◽  
Exchangeable Al ◽  
Soybean Leaf ◽  
Leaf N Content ◽  
Leaf N

The effects of soil pH and related acidity factors on the yields of sweetpotatoes, Miguela var., and soybeans, Jupiter var., were determined on typical Oxisols and Ultisols of Puerto Rico. The study revealed no significant effect of pH and acidity factors on the yield of the sweetpotato variety, which was quite tolerant to high soil acidity and exchangeable Al. Yields were similar to those obtained by other researchers who worked with other varieties. Soybeans, although relatively tolerant to high levels of exchangeable Al, were adversely affected when values surpassed 5.5 meq/100 g of soil in a clayey Ultisol. Exchangeable base content was directly related to soybean yield grown on a light textured Oxisol. Yields obtained are considered excellent. Highly significant correlations between soybean leaf N content and yield was found in the clayey Ultisol.

Effect of soybean population density on soybean yield, nitrogen accumulation and residual nitrogen

1988 ◽  
Vol 28 (1) ◽  
pp. 99 ◽  
Author(s):  
MJ Blumenthal ◽  
VP Quach ◽  
PGE Searle
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nitrogen Accumulation ◽  
Soil N ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
N Accumulation ◽  
Soybean Yield ◽  
Residual Nitrogen ◽  
Residual N

The effect of soybean population density on soybean yield, nitrogen accumulation and residual nitrogen was examined at Camden, N.S.W. (34�S.). In the first experiment, treatments were soybeans (cv. Ransom) at 50, 100, 200 and 400 x 103 plants ha-1; maize (cv. XL66); and a weed-free fallow. Total dry matter yields of tops and grain yields were highest at 200x 103 plants ha-1 (6214 and 3720 kg ha-1, respectively). The yield component most affected by population density was number of branches per plant, with values decreasing with increasing population density. The proportion of unfilled pods was highest at the highest population density. Total nitrogen (N) accumulation in the tops and in the grain was also at a maximum at 200x 103 plants ha-1. The rate of dry matter accumulation declined during pod filling at all population densities. N accumulation continued at high rates throughout the growing season except in the 400x 103 plants ha-1 population. There was a trend for residual dry matter and N in residues to increase with increasing population density. After grain and forage harvest of the first experiment, a crop of wheat (cv. Kite) was sown over the whole area to determine residual N available at anthesis and at maturity (experiment 2). The values of N accumulation in the wheat at maturity were 24 kg N ha-l for the maize treatment, 40-60 kg N ha-l for the soybean treatments and 69 kg N ha-1 for the fallow treatment. Grain yield and grain N followed the pattern of dry matter production and N accumulation at final harvest. The data suggest that soybean depletes soil N to a lesser extent than does maize. For the soybean treatments, there was a trend of increasing residual N at the 3 highest population densities (40-60 kg N ha-1). This was probably a result of an increase in N in leaf fall and in decaying tops and roots at the highest population density. The high value (57 kg N ha-l) at the lowest population density may be due to soybean plants at this density not using as much soil N as the other soybean treatments. No benefit in residual N was gained from planting soybeans at a density beyond the optimum for grain yield when residues were removed by forage harvesting.

Distribution, population density, race and type determination of soybean cyst nematode, Heterodera glycines, in Iran

Nematology ◽  
2008 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 919-924 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mansour Salati ◽  
Robert Riggs ◽  
Zahra Tanha Maafi
Keyword(s):  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Soil Samples ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Northern Iran ◽  
Second Stage ◽  
The World

AbstractThe soybean cyst nematode (SCN), Heterodera glycines, found in most soybean growing regions in the world, is considered the most economically damaging pathogen of soybean worldwide. A survey conducted in the northern provinces of Mazandaran and Golestan, the main soybean-producing areas in Iran, revealed SCN was widespread in different localities of these regions. Of the 55 and 88 soil samples collected from soybean fields in Mazandaran and Golestan provinces, respectively, ten (18.8%) and 23 (26%) samples were infested with H. glycines; the population densities of second-stage juveniles (J2) and eggs ranged from 500 to 60 000 and 500 to ≥100 000 per 250 cm3 soil, respectively. These population densities of H. glycines are indicative of reductions in soybean yield. HG Type tests were conducted on 16 field populations. HG Type 0 (race 3) was the most common with 94% frequency, whereas HG Type 7 (race 6) was found in 6% of tested populations. Most populations of H. glycines parasitised PI88788 and PI548316. Eight of the most commonly used soybean cultivars were tested against H. glycines HG Type 0; seven of them, Sepideh, Sahar (Pershing), Gorgan 3, Williams 82, JK (Sari), BP (Telar) and Hill, had high female indices and were considered susceptible to HG Type 0. Only the cultivar DPX showed low female indices and was resistant to race 3. The initial observations showed that the first life cycle of SCN required 30-34 days in early-planted fields (late May and early June), whereas in late-planted fields (early July), white females were visible 20 days after planting. Several generations could be expected in a single growing season under field conditions in northern Iran.

scholarly journals Soybean Stem Colonization by Genotypes A and B of Cadophora gregata Increases with Increasing Population Densities of Heterodera glycines

Plant Disease ◽  
2006 ◽  
Vol 90 (10) ◽  
pp. 1297-1301 ◽  
Author(s):  
G. M. Tabor ◽  
G. L. Tylka ◽  
C. R. Bronson
Keyword(s):  
Population Density ◽  
Soybean Cyst Nematode ◽  
Heterodera Glycines ◽  
Cyst Nematode ◽  
Stem Rot ◽  
Population Densities ◽  
Brown Stem Rot ◽  
Phialophora Gregata ◽  
Soybean Genotypes ◽  
Genotype A

Growth chamber experiments were conducted to investigate whether parasitism by increasing population densities of Heterodera glycines, the soybean cyst nematode, increases the incidence and severity of stem colonization by the aggressive genotype A and the mild genotype B of Cadophora gregata (Phialophora gregata), causal agents of brown stem rot of soybeans. Soybean genotypes with three combinations of resistance and susceptibility to H. glycines and genotype A of C. gregata were inoculated with each genotype of C. gregata alone or each genotype with two population densities of H. glycines eggs, 1,500 or 10,000 per 100 cm3 of soil. Stems of two H. glycines-susceptible soybeans were more colonized by both aggressive and mild genotypes of C. gregata in the presence of high than in the presence of low H. glycines population density.

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