Genetic Analysis of Grain Yield of IITA and CIMMYT Early-Maturing Maize Inbreds under Striga -Infested and Low-Soil-Nitrogen Environments

Crop Science ◽  
2015 ◽  
Vol 55 (2) ◽  
pp. 610-623 ◽  
Author(s):  
Beatrice E Ifie ◽  
Baffour Badu-Apraku ◽  
Vernon Gracen ◽  
Eric Y Danquah
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Maize Inbreds

scholarly journals Genetic analysis of grain yield and resistance of extra‐early‐maturing maize inbreds to northern corn leaf blight

Crop Science ◽  
2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Baffour Badu‐Apraku ◽  
Faith A. Bankole ◽  
Morakinyo A. B. Fakorede ◽  
Olalekan Ayinde ◽  
Alejandro Ortega‐Beltran
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Analysis ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Leaf Blight ◽  
Northern Corn Leaf Blight ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Maize Inbreds ◽  
Corn Leaf Blight

Sorghum hybrid differences in grain yield and nitrogen concentration under low soil nitrogen availability. II. Hybrids with contrasting phenology

1998 ◽  
Vol 49 (8) ◽  
pp. 1277 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Kamoshita ◽  
M. Cooper ◽  
R. C. Muchow ◽  
S. Fukai
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Biomass Production ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Genotypic Variation ◽  
The Other ◽  
N Availability ◽  
Comparable Amount ◽  
Radiation Interception ◽  
N Concentration ◽  
Early Maturing

Genotypic variation for phenology is important when considering the adaptation of grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor (L.) Moench) to adverse environments, but little is known about its role under environmental conditions that result in low soil nitrogen (N) availability. We examined the role of phenology in relation to other traits considered to contribute to the adaptation of sorghum to low soil N conditions. Four hybrids with contrasting maturity date were examined (2 early and 2 late) under conditions of full irrigation supply. The late-maturing hybrids had higher yield than one of the early hybrids only in optimum N conditions (960 v. 815 g/m2). The high yield of the late-maturing hybrids was a result of greater biomass production due to a longer period of radiation interception, rather than a greater fraction of radiation interception at any time. Longer growth duration had no positive effect on N capture, resulting in a lower grain N concentration at maturity relative to the early-maturing hybrid (1·42% v. 1·67%). The other early-maturing hybrids achieved a comparable amount of biomass production and grain yield (997 g/m2) to the late-maturing hybrids, and higher grain N concentration (1·55%). This was attributed to their higher plant N uptake by maturity, which contributed to higher grain N and maintained higher radiation use efficiency (RUE) relative to the other hybrids. Under N-limiting conditions, the advantage of the late-maturing hybrids was small in terms of radiation interception, and there was no advantage in terms of total plant N content. One of the early-maturing hybrids continued to absorb more N and accumulated larger amounts of N to grain for a longer period after anthesis than the other hybrids, resulting in higher grain N concentration (1·10% v. 0·92%). Genotypic variation for RUE, N utilisation, and harvest index was observed, but was confounded with the other components, resulting in a small difference in yield (392–454 g/m2).

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Inter-Trait Relationships among Maize Inbreds Containing Genes from Zea diploperennis and Hybrid Performance under Contrasting Environments

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1478
Author(s):  
Ijeoma Chinyere Akaogu ◽  
Baffour Badu-Apraku ◽  
Vernon Gracen ◽  
Pangirayi Tongoona ◽  
Melaku Gedil ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Diversity ◽  
Genetic Variability ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Accurate Estimation ◽  
Yield Reduction ◽  
International Institute ◽  
Tropical Maize ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Maize Inbreds

Accurate estimation of genetic variability present in tropical maize inbreds with varying reactions to Strigahermonthica infestation is essential for efficient and sustainable utilization to ensure increased genetic gain in a breeding program. Thirty-six early maturing maize inbred lines and 156 single cross hybrids were evaluated under Striga-infested and non-infested conditions in Nigeria during the 2014 and 2015 cropping seasons. Under Striga infestation, grain yield ranged from 1134 kg ha−1 for TZEI 26 × TZEI 5 to 5362 kg ha−1 for TZdEI 173 × TZdEI 280. The average yield reduction of the hybrids under Striga infestation was 44% relative to the performance under non-infested environments. Using 4440 high-quality DArT markers, clustering and population structure analyses separated the inbred lines into three distinct groups based on the genetic distance indicating high level of genetic variability among the lines. The base index of the International Institute of Tropical Agriculture (IITA) identified 50% of the inbred lines as Striga resistant. The genetic diversity study provided an opportunity for selecting divergent parents for tagging candidate genes and quantitative trait loci for marker-assisted introgression of Striga resistance genes into early maturing tropical maize breeding populations. The most reliable secondary trait for indirect selection for grain yield under Striga infestation was the ear aspect.

scholarly journals Strategies for Selecting Early Maturing Maize Inbred Lines for Hybrid Production under Low Soil Nitrogen and Striga Infestation

Agronomy ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (7) ◽  
pp. 1309
Author(s):  
Gloria B. Adu ◽  
Baffour Badu-Apraku ◽  
Richard Akromah
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Direct Effect ◽  
Soil Nitrogen ◽  
Agronomic Traits ◽  
Inbred Lines ◽  
Direct Effects ◽  
Multiple Traits ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Growing Conditions ◽  
Positive Direct

Development, testing and selection of superior inbred lines is crucial for the success of a hybrid program targeting Striga-infested and low soil nitrogen (low-N) environments. The practical value of inbred lines is determined by multiple traits, most of which are inter-dependent. The main objective of this study was to identify early maturing inbred lines based on multiple traits under optimal, low-N and Striga-infested environments for hybrid development and population improvement. One hundred early maturing inbred lines were evaluated under artificial Striga-infestation, low-N and optimal growing environments for two years at Kwadaso and Nyankpala in Ghana. The inbred lines exhibited high levels of genetic variability for grain yield and other agronomic traits desirable for Striga resistance and low-N tolerance. Under optimal growing conditions, days to silking (DS), ears per plot (EHARV) and days to anthesis (DA) had high direct effects on grain yield (GYLD). Days to silking and ears per plant (EPP) had the highest positive direct effects on GYLD, while DA had the highest negative direct effect on grain yield in low-N environments. Under Striga-infestation, the highest negative direct effect on GYLD was obtained with EASP. All the measured traits previously identified to have direct influence on grain yield were associated with it and could be used for indirect selection for improved grain yield under the contrasting environments. Forty-eight of the 100 inbred lines studied were identified as low-N tolerant and forty-nine as Striga resistant.

scholarly journals Combining Ability of Early-Maturing Yellow Maize Inbreds under Combined Drought and Heat Stress and Well-Watered Environments

Agronomy ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (10) ◽  
pp. 1585
Author(s):  
Laouali M. Nasser ◽  
Baffour Badu-Apraku ◽  
Vernon E. Gracen ◽  
Hortense N. A. Mafouasson
Keyword(s):  
Heat Stress ◽  
Grain Yield ◽  
Combining Ability ◽  
Selection Index ◽  
Climatic Conditions ◽  
Sub Saharan Africa ◽  
Yield Potential ◽  
Early Maturing ◽  
Maize Inbreds ◽  
Drought And Heat Stress

Grain-yield potential of maize (Zea mays L.) is limited by the harsh climatic conditions during dry seasons in the savanna of sub-Saharan Africa (SSA). One hundred and five hybrids derived from diallel crosses involving 15 early-maturing yellow maize inbreds were screened under combined drought and heat stress (CDHS) and well-watered (WW) conditions at four locations representative of the dry savannas of Niger, 2012–2014. The objective of the study was to examine the general combining ability (GCA) effects of the inbred lines and specific combining ability (SCA) of the crosses under CDHS and WW environments, assess yield and stability of the derived hybrids under contrasting environments and investigate inter-relationships among traits of the hybrids under contrasting environments. GCA and SCA effects for grain yield and other measured traits were significant, with preponderance of GCA effects over SCA effects under both the CDHS and WW environments. Inbred ENT 13 possessed positive and significant GCA effects for grain yield under both CDHS and WW environments indicating that the inbred could be used for developing outstanding hybrids with good levels of tolerance to CDHS. This also implied that the inbred line could serve as invaluable genetic resource for introgression of favorable alleles into tropical early-maturing maize populations for accelerated genetic gains from selection for improved grain yield. Hybrids ENT 13 × TZEI 167 and TZEI 157 × ENT 13 were the most stable and among the highest yielding hybrids across research environments. These outstanding hybrids could be tested extensively for commercialization in SSA to improve food security. Plant and ear aspects and days to 50% silking could be combined with grain yield in a selection index for improvement of yield under CDHS without yield penalties under WW environments.

G × E interaction studies in relation to heterosis and stability of grain yield in maize (Zea mays L.)

2020 ◽  
Vol 80 (03) ◽  
Author(s):  
K. Sumalini ◽  
T. Pradeep ◽  
D. Sravani
Keyword(s):  
Grain Yield ◽  
Zea Mays L ◽  
Yield Stability ◽  
Superior Performance ◽  
Dominant Effect ◽  
Stability Parameters ◽  
Hybrid Classes ◽  
Maize Inbreds ◽  
Comparative Stability ◽  
Potential Use

Interaction of homozygous inbreds and heterozygous single, three way and double crosses with environment had shown a differential response in achieving yield stability. Seven diverse maize inbreds, their 21 single crosses and 105 each of three way and double crosses obtained through diallel were evaluated for twelve characters across three diverse locations to estimate comparative stability of homozygous and heterozygous genotypes for grain yield. Contrasts in heterobeltiosis, combining ability and stability parameters in three environments and interaction effects were observed. Gain in heterobeltiosis (%) for grain yield was observed with decreased environmental quality in different hybrid classes suggesting that heterozygous hybrids are more stable due to individual buffering in single crosses and both individual and population buffering in case of three way and double crosses. Significant increase in SCA effects was observed in moderate environment at Hyderabad rather than at high yielding environment Palem. Significant G × E and Environment (linear) in all the crosses was observed for grain yield suggesting the effect of environment and its pre dominant effect on grain yield. Stability of hybrids was attributed to their superior performance over the parents in low yielding environment. Thus the potential use of selected heterozygous hybrids would allow under diverse environments is suggested to mitigate losses arising out of climate change.

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