Examples and Case Studies of Beneficial Reuse of Municipal By-Products

2018 ◽  
pp. 481-504 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nicholas T. Basta
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Beneficial Reuse ◽  
By Products

scholarly journals Critical Issues and Opportunities for Producing Biomethane in Italy

Energies ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (9) ◽  
pp. 2431
Author(s):  
Roberto Murano ◽  
Natascia Maisano ◽  
Roberta Selvaggi ◽  
Gioacchino Pappalardo ◽  
Biagio Pecorino
Keyword(s):  
Anaerobic Digestion ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Regulatory Framework ◽  
Biofuel Production ◽  
Political Incentives ◽  
Critical Issues ◽  
Biogas Plants ◽  
High Level ◽  
By Products ◽  
Lack Of Knowledge

Nowadays, most Italian biogas produces electricity even though recent political incentives are promoting biomethane from biogas by “upgrading” it. The aim of this paper is to focus on the regulatory framework for producing biomethane from new or already-existent anaerobic digestion plants. The complexity and lack of knowledge of the regulations on biofuel production and of anaerobic digested biomethane from waste and by-products create difficulties of both interpretation and application. Consequently, the aim of this paper is to analyze the regulations for producing biomethane, underline the critical issues and opportunities, and evaluate whether an electrical plant built in the last 10 years in Italy can really be converted to a biomethane plant, thereby lengthening its lifespan. Three case studies were considered to look more closely into applying Italian biomethane incentives and to simulate the types of incentivization in agriculture with examples based on certain fuel types typical of a standard biomethane plant of 500 standard cubic meter per hour. All the considered cases put in evidence that biomethane is a further opportunity for development with a high level of efficiency for all biogas producers, especially for many biogas plants whose incentivization period is about to finish.

Role of oxidants and disinfectants on the removal, masking and generation of tastes and odours

2004 ◽  
Vol 49 (9) ◽  
pp. 297-306 ◽  
Author(s):  
A. Bruchet ◽  
J.P. Duguet
Keyword(s):  
Hydrogen Peroxide ◽  
Case Studies ◽  
Potassium Permanganate ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Masking Effect ◽  
Negative Effects ◽  
Anthropogenic Pollutants ◽  
Drinking Waters ◽  
By Products

This paper summarises the positive and negative effects of the most commonly used oxidants and disinfectants: chlorine, chloramines, chlorine dioxide, potassium permanganate ozone, and advanced oxidation with ozone/hydrogen peroxide on tastes and odours present in natural and drinking waters. The case studies reported illustrate the generation of odorous by-products such as chlorophenols, iodoforms, aldehydes, the masking effect between earthy-musty and chlorinous odours, and the removal of odorous algal metabolites or anthropogenic pollutants by ozone alone or by ozone coupled with hydrogen peroxide.

Biology, Culture and Coevolution: Religion and Language as Case Studies

2014 ◽  
Vol 14 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 305-330 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesco Ferretti ◽  
Ines Adornetti
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Religious Beliefs ◽  
Language Evolution ◽  
Biological Evolution ◽  
Point Of View ◽  
Cognitive Studies ◽  
Cognition And Culture ◽  
The Relationship ◽  
Linguistic Structures ◽  
By Products

The main intent of this paper is to give an account of the relationship between bio-cognition and culture in terms of coevolution, analysing religious beliefs and language evolution as case studies. The established view in cognitive studies is that bio-cognitive systems constitute a constraint for the shaping and the transmission of religious beliefs and linguistic structures. From this point of view, religion and language are by-products or exaptations of processing systems originally selected for other cognitive functions. We criticize such a point of view, showing that it paves the way for the idea that cultural evolution follows a path entirely autonomous and independent from that of biological evolution. Against the by-product and exaptation approaches, our idea is that it is possible to interpret religion and language in terms of coevolution. The concept of coevolution involves a dual path of constitution: one for which biology (cognition) has adaptive effects on culture, the other for which, in turn, forms of culture have adaptive effects on biology (cognition). This dual path of constitution implies that religion and language are (at least in some aspects) forms of biological adaptations.

Minimization Of Disinfection By-Products Formation In Water Purification Process Using Chlorine Dioxide — Case Studies

2000 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 215-226 ◽  
Author(s):  
Wido Schmidt ◽  
Ute Böhme ◽  
Frank Sacher ◽  
Heinz-Jürgen Brauch
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Chlorine Dioxide ◽  
Water Purification ◽  
Purification Process ◽  
By Products

Use of coal combustion by-products in mine reclamation: review of case studies in the USA

2012 ◽  
Vol 15 (1) ◽  
pp. 71-83 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jeffrey Skousen ◽  
Paul Ziemkiewicz ◽  
Jae Eui Yang
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Coal Combustion ◽  
Mine Reclamation ◽  
The Usa ◽  
By Products

Beneficial Uses of Flue Gas Desulfurization By-Products: Examples and Case Studies of Land Application

2018 ◽  
pp. 505-536 ◽  
Author(s):  
Warren A. Dick ◽  
Yueli Hao ◽  
Richard C. Stehouwer ◽  
Jerry M. Bigham ◽  
William E. Wolfe ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Case Studies ◽  
Flue Gas ◽  
Land Application ◽  
Flue Gas Desulfurization ◽  
Beneficial Uses ◽  
By Products
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