Critical Issues and Opportunities for Producing Biomethane in Italy

Nowadays, most Italian biogas produces electricity even though recent political incentives are promoting biomethane from biogas by “upgrading” it. The aim of this paper is to focus on the regulatory framework for producing biomethane from new or already-existent anaerobic digestion plants. The complexity and lack of knowledge of the regulations on biofuel production and of anaerobic digested biomethane from waste and by-products create difficulties of both interpretation and application. Consequently, the aim of this paper is to analyze the regulations for producing biomethane, underline the critical issues and opportunities, and evaluate whether an electrical plant built in the last 10 years in Italy can really be converted to a biomethane plant, thereby lengthening its lifespan. Three case studies were considered to look more closely into applying Italian biomethane incentives and to simulate the types of incentivization in agriculture with examples based on certain fuel types typical of a standard biomethane plant of 500 standard cubic meter per hour. All the considered cases put in evidence that biomethane is a further opportunity for development with a high level of efficiency for all biogas producers, especially for many biogas plants whose incentivization period is about to finish.

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A Study on Knowledge, Attitude, Awareness and Practice About HIV/AIDS among different age group of Karachi, Pakistan

Research in Pharmacy and Health Sciences ◽

10.32463/rphs.2017.v03i03.14 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 3 (3) ◽

pp. 328-333

Author(s):

Safia Mehmood ◽

Sheema Zia ◽

Nida Aziz ◽

Omama Sajid

Keyword(s):

Hiv Transmission ◽

Age Groups ◽

World Population ◽

Major Barrier ◽

Initial Stage ◽

Awareness Programs ◽

And Gender ◽

Strongly Agree ◽

High Level ◽

Lack Of Knowledge

The AIDS is one of the most complicated health problems of the 21st century and it threatens the world population. AIDS spread at an alarming rate. This was a descriptive study to determine the knowledge, awareness, and practice about HIV among different age groups. The study carried out in Karachi, Pakistan during the period of January 2016-april 2016, in which 82 peoples are participated; 65 peoples having age in between 18-30, people’s lies in 31-40 years, while only 4 peoples having age above 40. From which 91% peoples thought HIV is dangerous virus and 51% peoples having misconception that it cause AIDS on initial stage and does not have any effect on CD4+. Majority of peoples aware about transmission of AIDS through intercourse, and during pregnancy. But the study show the high level of misbelieve also in mode of transmission that HIV transmit through sweat, saliva etc. Majority of the peoples have knowledge that HIV-1 is the most common type found worldwide. Also large number of peoples have knowledge that HIV weak immune system by destroying CD4+ and require long exposure to progress AIDS. Less than 15% of peoples strongly agree that AIDS is common in women. This misconception reflex the lack of knowledge and awareness in the HIV transmission and gender relation. Also majority of peoples thought that lack of knowledge is major barrier in the proper cure of disease. So increasing knowledge by awareness programs; sexual prevention; by starting national testing resources and curing poverty will cured AIDS in Pakistan. Newly drugs are introduced which can stop the progression of AIDS.

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Monomers, Materials and Energy from Coffee By-Products: A Review

Sustainability ◽

10.3390/su13126921 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 13 (12) ◽

pp. 6921

Author(s):

Laura Sisti ◽

Annamaria Celli ◽

Grazia Totaro ◽

Patrizia Cinelli ◽

Francesca Signori ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Circular Economy ◽

Food Industry ◽

Food Packaging ◽

Low Cost ◽

Biofuel Production ◽

Material Technology ◽

Coffee Production ◽

Coffee Pulp ◽

Coffee Waste ◽

By Products

In recent years, the circular economy and sustainability have gained attention in the food industry aimed at recycling food industrial waste and residues. For example, several plant-based materials are nowadays used in packaging and biofuel production. Among them, by-products and waste from coffee processing constitute a largely available, low cost, good quality resource. Coffee production includes many steps, in which by-products are generated including coffee pulp, coffee husks, silver skin and spent coffee. This review aims to analyze the reasons why coffee waste can be considered as a valuable source in recycling strategies for the sustainable production of bio-based chemicals, materials and fuels. It addresses the most recent advances in monomer, polymer and plastic filler productions and applications based on the development of viable biorefinery technologies. The exploration of strategies to unlock the potential of this biomass for fuel productions is also revised. Coffee by-products valorization is a clear example of waste biorefinery. Future applications in areas such as biomedicine, food packaging and material technology should be taken into consideration. However, further efforts in techno-economic analysis and the assessment of the feasibility of valorization processes on an industrial scale are needed.

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Legume Beverages from Chickpea and Lupin, as New Milk Alternatives

Foods ◽

10.3390/foods9101458 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 9 (10) ◽

pp. 1458 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Mariana Lopes ◽

Chloé Pierrepont ◽

Carla Margarida Duarte ◽

Alexandra Filipe ◽

Bruno Medronho ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Milk Yield ◽

Shear Thinning ◽

Milk Consumption ◽

High Demand ◽

Cooking Water ◽

High Level ◽

Milk Replacers ◽

Processing Steps ◽

By Products ◽

Dairy Beverages

Recently, milk consumption has been declining and there is a high demand for non-dairy beverages. However, market offers are mainly cereal and nut-based beverages, which are essentially poor in protein (typically, less than 1.5% against the 3.5% in milk) and are not true milk replacers in that sense. In this work, new beverages from different pulses (i.e., pea, chickpea and lupin) were developed using technologies that enable the incorporation of a high level of seed components, with low or no discharge of by-products. Different processing steps were sequentially tested and discussed for the optimization of the sensorial features and stability of the beverage, considering the current commercial non-dairy beverages trends. The lupin beverage protein contents ranged from 1.8% to 2.4% (w/v) and the chickpea beverage varied between 1.0% and 1.5% (w/v). The “milk” yield obtained for the optimized procedure B was 1221 g/100 g of dry seed and 1247 g/100 g of dry seed, for chickpea beverage and lupin beverage, respectively. Sensory results show that chickpea beverage with cooking water has the best taste. All pulses-based beverages are typical non-Newtonian fluids, similarly to current non-dairy alternative beverages. In this respect, the sprouted chickpea beverage, without the cooking water, presents the most pronounced shear-thinning behavior of all formulations.

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Effects of by-products from biofuel production on the performance of growing fattening bulls

Animal Feed Science and Technology ◽

10.1016/j.anifeedsci.2010.08.008 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 161 (3-4) ◽

pp. 132-139 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Ulrich Meyer ◽

Annett Schwabe ◽

Sven Dänicke ◽

Gerhard Flachowsky

Keyword(s):

Biofuel Production ◽

By Products

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The control of small and medium sized public wastewater treatment plants in the Veneto region (North Italy): general situation, critical issues and case studies

Water Practice & Technology ◽

10.2166/wpt.2017.082 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 12 (4) ◽

pp. 761-779

Author(s):

M. Ostoich ◽

F. Serena ◽

A. Pozzobon ◽

L. Tomiato

Keyword(s):

Wastewater Treatment ◽

Case Studies ◽

Wastewater Treatment Plants ◽

Waste Water Treatment ◽

River Basin Management ◽

Critical Parameters ◽

Organic Load ◽

General Situation ◽

Veneto Region ◽

Critical Issues

Abstract Water bodies' quality objectives are defined in accordance with the Urban Wastewater Treatment Directive 91/271/EEC and the Water Framework Directive 2000/60/EC. For regulation and control of small-sized waste-water treatment plants (WWTPs), responsibility is delegated in Italy to Regional Authorities that fix specific regulations (Water Protection Plan WPP included in the River Basin Management Plan RBMP) in collaboration with the District Authorities. Small (<2,000 population equivalent – PE) and medium sized (2,000–10,000 PE) WWTPs in the Veneto Region (North Italy) represent about 10% of the total organic load (Imhoff systems included). This also comprises some industrial discharges. Due to the urban sprawl, plants are spread over the regional territory. In the Veneto Region, data from the official census reveals there are n. 248 plants under 2,000 PE and 135 plants in 2,000–10,000 range while the total number of authorized plants is 488 for a total potentiality of 9,141,572 PE. Data from institutional controls performed by the Veneto Regional Environmental Agency (ARPAV) on WWTPs has been recovered for all the WWTPs with up to 10,000 PE in the provinces of Venice, Treviso and Vicenza (for a total of 306,118 PE and for a total of 164 plants) in the period 2008–2015 and elaborated to assess critical parameters and plants. The general situation, critical issues and case studies have been presented and discussed. Organic load, nutrients and Escherichia coli are the most critical parameters considering the regional WPP.

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Immersion, interactivity and three-dimensionality: virtual reality documentation of media art installations

10.32920/ryerson.14662947 ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Kira A. Brown

Keyword(s):

Virtual Reality ◽

Case Studies ◽

Three Dimensional ◽

Research Paper ◽

Sensory Experience ◽

Three Dimensions ◽

Media Art ◽

Essential Information ◽

Art Installation ◽

High Level

This research paper explores the possibilities for virtual reality (VR) documentation of media art installations. Based on an analysis of the characteristics of media art, and a survey of current documentation strategies, this paper investigates the viability of three-dimensional documentation. Four cross-disciplinary case studies are presented and analysed to demonstrate that VR documentation provides an immersive and richer reconstruction of a media art installation in three dimensions. In addition, the interactive components can be simulated within the VR environment, offering the possibility for curators and visitors to virtually re-experience the artwork. The case studies show that, although the creation of VR documentation can be costly and time-consuming, and currently requires a high-level of expertise, it can be a useful addition to established documentation strategies by providing essential information about the visual aspects of the artwork, its environment and the user’s multi-sensory experience.

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Doing the strategy hard yards

Strategic Direction ◽

10.1108/sd-09-2018-0188 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 35 (1) ◽

pp. 19-21

Keyword(s):

Case Studies ◽

Design Methodology ◽

Reading Time ◽

Cutting Edge ◽

The Internet ◽

Content Type ◽

Successful Strategy ◽

Pertinent Information ◽

High Level ◽

Practical Implications

Purpose This paper reviews the latest management developments across the globe and pinpoints practical implications from cutting-edge research and case studies. Design/methodology/approach This briefing is prepared by an independent writer who adds their own impartial comments and places the articles in context. Findings If you search images of the word “strategy” on the internet, three of the first seven images to appear on Google (other search engines are available) include chess pieces, while two of the top ten hits involve light bulbs. Aside from the obvious conclusions that any strategic discussion should either involve chess grand masters or well-lit rooms, it is clear that most people assume winning games with lots of moves are possible is the key to a successful strategy. But is this a valid analogy, even at a high level? Originality/value The briefing saves busy executives and researchers hours of reading time by selecting only the very best, most pertinent information and presenting it in a condensed and easy-to-digest format.

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