scholarly journals Abatement costs for agricultural nitrogen and phosphorus loads: a case study of crop farming in south-western Finland

2008 ◽  
Vol 15 (4) ◽  
pp. 351 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. HELIN ◽  
M. LAUKKANEN ◽  
K. KOIKKALAINEN
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Nutrient Loading ◽  
Agricultural Land ◽  
Nitrogen And Phosphorus ◽  
Abatement Costs ◽  
Crop Farming ◽  
The Common ◽  
Agricultural Policy Reform ◽  
Common Agricultural Policy Reform

Designing efficient agri-environmental policies for agricultural nutrient load reductions calls for information on the costs of emission reduction measures. This study develops an empirical framework for estimating abatement costs for nutrient loading from agricultural land. Nitrogen abatement costs and the phosphorus load reductions associated with nitrogen abatement are derived for crop farming in south-western Finland. The model is used to evaluate the effect of the Common Agricultural Policy reform currently underway on nutrient abatement costs. Results indicate that an efficiently designed policy aimed at a 50% reduction in agricultural nitrogen load would cost € 48 to € 35 million, or € 3756 to € 2752 per farm.;

Agricultural policy reform in the European Community: a three-level game analysis

1997 ◽  
Vol 51 (1) ◽  
pp. 135-165 ◽  
Author(s):  
Lee Ann Patterson
Keyword(s):  
European Community ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Uruguay Round ◽  
Case Study Method ◽  
Game Analysis ◽  
Policy Shift ◽  
The Common ◽  
Agricultural Policy Reform ◽  
Acceptable Agreement

Since the beginning of the General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT) Uruguay Round the European Community (EC) has twice attempted to reform the Common Agricultural Policy (CAP), resulting in the February 1988 stabilizers reform package and the May 1992 MacSharry reform package. Curiously, these two attempts at reform resulted in vastly different outcomes. The 1988 reform was incremental in nature and functioned mainly as a stopgap measure. The 1992 reform, however, called for a shift from nontransparent consumer subsidies to transparent taxpayer subsidies. This shift represented a fundamental change in the philosophy underlying the CAP and laid the groundwork for an agreement in the Uruguay Round. This article examines the conditions under which this important policy shift occurred. It employs an interpretative case study method that demonstrates the empirical value of Robert Putnam's two-level game model when it is expanded to consider the simultaneous interaction of negotiations at three levels: the domestic level, the EC level, and the international level. The study concludes that the power and heterogeneity of interest groups at various levels of the game matter, that the real and perceived costs of no agreement affect the degree of substantive reform, and, finally, that a three-level interactive strategy is important in achieving an acceptable agreement at each level of the game.

scholarly journals Utilisation of the direct EU payments in Slovak agriculture after the 2003 Common Agricultural Policy reform

2009 ◽  
Vol 55 (No. 8) ◽  
pp. 400-405
Author(s):  
L. Drenková ◽  
P. Schwarcz ◽  
A. Bandlerová
Keyword(s):  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Common Agricultural Policy ◽  
Slovak Republic ◽  
Considerable Simplification ◽  
General Improvement ◽  
The Common ◽  
Direct Payments ◽  
Agricultural Policy Reform ◽  
Common Agricultural Policy Reform ◽  
The Eu

The paper analyses and compares the EU direct payments in the conditions of the Slovak Republic during the monitored period 2004–2006. The 2003 reform of the Common Agricultural Policy (hereafter CAP) introduces a considerable simplification of the EU producers’ support and a general improvement of the market orientation of agriculture. The Slovak Republic has temporarily adopted the system of the Single Area Payment Scheme (SAPS) which is used in the old member states. The Slovak Republic can use this system until the end of the year 2010. The amount of the direct payments in 2004 was 53.1% of the EU average. The prediction for 2007 was 70% of the EU average, provided that the state co-finances 30%.

scholarly journals The analysis of proposals of the Common Agricultural Policy reform and its impacts for the EU

2012 ◽  
Vol 49 (No. 6) ◽  
pp. 278-283
Author(s):  
M. Vosejpková
Keyword(s):  
Rural Development ◽  
Agricultural Policy ◽  
Common Agricultural Policy ◽  
Potato Starch ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Eu Member States ◽  
The Common ◽  
Agricultural Policy Reform ◽  
Market Needs ◽  
The Eu

The Common Agricultural Policy (CAP) is of the character of a highly protective policy of the EU Member States. It includes a number of measures distorting the market directly and influences the farmers’ incomes depending on their production. There have been two reforms of the CAP so far and the third one is prepared with intention to come into force from 2006; it is called Mid-Term Review (MTR). This reform is concentrated on keeping and increasing consumers’ credibility and shifting to more competitive agriculture more orientated on market needs. The main Reform proposals include horizontal issues, i.e. Decoupling, Modulation/Degressivity, Cross-compliance, Farm Advisory System, IASC, Rural Development, and market issues concern dairy, cereals, rye, durum wheat, dried fodder, potato starch, seeds, nuts, rice, set-aside, carbon credit, beef. Besides the above mentioned goals, it is necessary to ensure conditions for rural development together with demands on environmental protection and improvement, so-called second pillar of the CAP. The attempt of cross-sectional summary and analysis of the MTR impacts for the EU was made in the article based on results of six studies performed by universities and DG AGRI in Brussels.

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