scholarly journals Transport Infrastructure Investment and Interindustry Spillovers: The Effects on the Cost Structure of Australian Industries

2014 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amani Elnasri
Author(s):  
Mohammad Istiak Hossain ◽  
Jan I. Markendahl

AbstractSmall-scale commercial rollouts of Cellular-IoT (C-IoT) networks have started globally since last year. However, among the plethora of low power wide area network (LPWAN) technologies, the cost-effectiveness of C-IoT is not certain for IoT service providers, small and greenfield operators. Today, there is no known public framework for the feasibility analysis of IoT communication technologies. Hence, this paper first presents a generic framework to assess the cost structure of cellular and non-cellular LPWAN technologies. Then, we applied the framework in eight deployment scenarios to analyze the prospect of LPWAN technologies like Sigfox, LoRaWAN, NB-IoT, LTE-M, and EC-GSM. We consider the inter-technology interference impact on LoRaWAN and Sigfox scalability. Our results validate that a large rollout with a single technology is not cost-efficient. Also, our analysis suggests the rollout possibility of an IoT communication Technology may not be linear to cost-efficiency.


Author(s):  
O. Gertsiy

The main characteristics of graphic information compression methods with losses and without losses (RLE, LZW, Huffman's method, DEFLATE, JBIG, JPEG, JPEG 2000, Lossless JPEG, fractal and Wawelet) are analyzed in the article. Effective transmission and storage of images in railway communication systems is an important task now. Because large images require large storage resources. This task has become very important in recent years, as the problems of information transmission by telecommunication channels of the transport infrastructure have become urgent. There is also a great need for video conferencing, where the task is to effectively compress video data - because the greater the amount of data, the greater the cost of transmitting information, respectively. Therefore, the use of image compression methods that reduce the file size is the solution to this task. The study highlights the advantages and disadvantages of compression methods. The comparative analysis the basic possibilities of compression methods of graphic information is carried out. The relevance lies in the efficient transfer and storage of graphical information, as big data requires large resources for storage. The practical significance lies in solving the problem of effectively reducing the data size by applying known compression methods.


2014 ◽  
Vol 4 (1) ◽  
pp. E1-E24 ◽  
Author(s):  
Dana Mukamel ◽  
Richard Fortinsky ◽  
Alan White ◽  
Charlene Harrington ◽  
Laura White ◽  
...  

Author(s):  
Mikhail E. Komarov

В данной статье рассматривается актуальный вопрос расходов на организацию летних Олимпийских игр на предолимпийском этапе. В статье проводится анализ структуры расходов на рассматриваемом этапе на примере XXXII летних Олимпийских игр в Токио. Детально исследуется структура расходов на двух крупных подэтапах: подача заявки на проведение Игр и непосредственно организация Олимпиады, при этом отдельно выделяются расходы трёх основных групп: Международного олимпийского комитета (с фокусом на программе Олимпийской солидарности), условной группы бизнеса и условной группы государства. На первом подэтапе в условную группу государства входят Токийский муниципалитет, правительство Японии и Заявочный комитет Токио 2020, в то время как на автором рассматриваемом подэтапе место Заявочного комитета занимает учреждённый в 2014 г. после официального избрания Токио городом-организатором Организационный комитет Токио 2020. В рамках каждой из трёх основных групп приводятся конкретные проекты, проводится анализ статей расходов на их осуществление. Отдельно стоит выделить тот факт, что автор, являясь действующим сотрудником Организационного комитета Токио 2020, осуществляет детальное изучение проектов и статей расходов, зачастую не попадающих в поле зрения исследователей данной темы. Отдельно анализируются факторы и причины увеличения первоначального бюджета на организацию и проведение XXXII летних Олимпийских игр, в частности такие, как перенос соревнований по марафону и спортивной ходьбе из Токио в г. Саппоро, перенос Игр на 2021 г. в связи с угрозой распространения вируса COVID-19 и т.д. На основе имеющихся данных по состоянию на май 2020 г. выделяется ряд тенденций, связанных со статьями расходов отдельно взятых групп. Основываясь на данных проведённого исследования, автор делает вывод, что наибольшие расходы на предолимпийском этапе несёт условная группа государства, в рамках которой доли Токийского муниципалитета и Оргкомитета Токио 2020 условно равны. Ключевые слова: Олимпийские игры, Организационный комитет Токио 2020, структура расходов Олимпийских игр, Токийский муниципалитет, Заявочный комитет Токио 2020, Международный олимпийский комитет, экономика Олимпийских игр, предолимпийский этап, XXXII летние Олимпийские игры, программа Олимпийской солидарности. This article deals with the topical issue of the costs related to hosting the Olympic Games at the pre-Olympic stage. The article provides an analysis of the cost structure at this stage on the example of the Games of the XXXII Olympiad in Tokyo. The cost structure in two major sub-stages is studied in detail: bidding stage and the organizing stage, with the focus on the costs of three main groups: the International Olympic Committee (highlighting the Olympic Solidarity program), nominal business group and nominal state group. In the first sub-stage the nominal state group includes Tokyo Metropolitan Government, the government of Japan and the Tokyo 2020 Bidding Committee, while in the second sub-stage the Tokyo 2020 Bidding Committee is replaced by the Tokyo 2020 Organising Committee, established in 2014 after Tokyo was officially elected as the host city. Specific examples of the projects within each of the three main groups are indicated and the analysis of the costs related to their implementation is conducted. It is important to highlight the fact, that the author of the article, being the current employee of the Tokyo 2020 Organising Committee, has carried out a detailed study of projects and cost items that frequently are not covered by other researchers of this issue. The factors and reasons for increased budget, compared with the initial one, for staging and holding the Games of the XXXII Olympiad are analyzed separately; particular emphasis has been put on the transfer of the marathon and race walk competition from Tokyo to Sapporo city and on the postponement of the Games till 2021 due to the threat of the COVID-19 virus spread, etc. Based on the available data as of May 2020, a number of trends related to the cost items of the main groups are indicated. Based on the materials of this article the author concludes that the largest expenses at the pre-Olympic stage are borne by the nominal group of state, within which the shares of Tokyo Metropolitan Government and the Tokyo 2020 Organising Committee are conditionally equal. Keywords: Olympic Games, the Tokyo 2020 Organising Committee, Olympic Games cost structure, Tokyo Metropolitan Government, the Tokyo 2020 Bidding Committee, the International Olympic Committee, the economics of the Olympic Games, pre-Olympic stage, the Games of the XXXII Olympiad, Olympic Solidarity program.


Significance Democrats see infrastructure spending as driving both the post-pandemic recovery through job creation and the transition to green energy needed to meet climate mitigation goals. Given broad acknowledgement that US competitiveness is damaged by ageing and poorly maintained infrastructure, Biden hopes for bipartisan support in Congress. Impacts Biden will use infrastructure investment to increase domestic procurement and so generate US industrial jobs. Additional infrastructure investment could give a renewed boost to regional and local economic development programmes. US voters remain reluctant to meet the cost of using, maintaining and improving infrastructure through user-based fees or taxes.


2020 ◽  
pp. 74-81
Author(s):  
L. Golovina ◽  
E. Yurkov

The article examines important problematic issues of domestic bakery production. On the example of one of the bakeries of the Orel region, the changes in the list of production costs for the production of white bread for the period 1999-2019 are analyzed. The article discusses the benefits for the baking industry of canceling the return of unrealized bread from commercial enterprises. The reasons for the deterioration of the quality of wheat flour and white bread in the country's retail chains are considered. The problem of increasing the profitability of bakery production due to changes in the pricing policy is touched upon. The conditions for improving the financial condition of bakery enterprises, as well as the possibility of attracting investment in the industry, are considered.


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