Evaluating Family, National, & International Pharmacy Retail Outlets with the Mystery Shopper Method

2015 ◽  
Author(s):  
Michelle B. Cowley
Keyword(s):  
Retail Outlets ◽  
International Pharmacy ◽  
Mystery Shopper

Efficacy and Safety of Regular Vitamin and Mineral Supplement Use in France: Results from the ECCA Study

2005 ◽  
Vol 75 (3) ◽  
pp. 201-209 ◽  
Author(s):  
Touvier ◽  
Boutron-Ruault ◽  
Volatier ◽  
Martin
Keyword(s):  
Pantothenic Acid ◽  
Assessment Tools ◽  
Mineral Supplement ◽  
Mineral Supplements ◽  
Supplement Use ◽  
Micronutrient Intake ◽  
Frequency Of Use ◽  
Retail Outlets ◽  
Annual Frequency ◽  
Excessive Intake

This study investigated the prevalence of inadequate micronutrient intake and the proportion of subjects who exceed Tolerable Upper Intake Levels a) with food only, and b) with food+supplements, in a population of French regular supplement users (n = 259). Assessment tools were seven-day records for supplements, three-day records for food intake, and a questionnaire about supplement use. Most subjects were recruited in retail outlets that sold supplements. They were recent users of vitamin/mineral supplements, aged over 15 years, and normo-energy reporters. The prevalence (%) of inadequate intake decreased with the inclusion of mean annual supplements, from 68.0 to 54.8 for magnesium, 55.9 to 40.7 for vitamin C, 53.4 to 43.9 for folic acid, 37.5 to 27.5 for iron, and 40.1 to 29.7 for pantothenic acid. Few subjects exceeded upper intake levels when mean annual intake of supplements was considered. When supplement consumption was considered during the studied week only, the proportion of subjects who were in excess of the upper intake levels was higher (maximum: 9.6% for magnesium). Supplement use brought a nutritional benefit for some targeted nutrients. It was not associated with excessive intake in this study, but could become hazardous if the annual frequency of use were to increase.

A mixed-methods study exploring adults' use of dessert-only food retail outlets

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Laura Wilkinson ◽  
Tennessee Randall ◽  
Poppy Wright
Keyword(s):  
Mixed Methods ◽  
Mixed Methods Study ◽  
Food Retail ◽  
Retail Outlets

Level of Supervision and Productivity of Retail Outlets

2008 ◽  
Vol 22 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-23
Author(s):  
Seok-Young Lee
Keyword(s):  
Retail Outlets

Goods and service tax is taking india by the storm

2017 ◽  
Vol 7 (2) ◽  
pp. 324-329
Author(s):  
PRAKASH S ◽  
MURALIDHARAN J
Keyword(s):  
Tax Evasion ◽  
Criminal Activity ◽  
Retail Outlet ◽  
Final Destination ◽  
Poor Families ◽  
Retail Outlets ◽  
The Rich

France was the first country to implement GST to reduce tax- evasion. Europeancountries have one rate of GST as they do not have poor families, unlike in India, wherefamilies cannot be burdened with the same tax as the rich. All credits will be online and somepenalties are like criminal activity. So it is threatening for the small businessman who is nowfree from Taxes. GST will be levied only at the final destination of consumption based onVAT principle and not at various points (from manufacturing to retail outlets). .Presently, atax is levied on when a finished product moves out from a factory, which is paid by themanufacturer, and it is again levied at the retail outlet when sold.

International pharmacy students’ transition to Nottingham: Semi-structured interviews (Preprint)

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yicong Liu
Keyword(s):  
International Students ◽  
Teaching Style ◽  
Cultural Adjustment ◽  
Independent Study ◽  
Cross Cultural ◽  
Pharmacy Students ◽  
Learning Ability ◽  
Structured Interviews ◽  
International Pharmacy ◽  
The Uk

BACKGROUND The transition from China to the UK can be challenging, and there is increasing concern among academics since cross-cultural learning and living may be a challenge for these students. OBJECTIVE To find out international pharmacy students’ worries and challenges as well as benefits on the transition experience from China to the UK. METHODS Semi-structured interviews were used to explore this group of students’ transition experiences. Selective transcription was done because of time limitations in the project. RESULTS The natural and cultural environment was the most pleasant experience for Tianjin students during this transition process. Cross-cultural adjustment and self-adaptability, as well as their autonomous learning ability were the main barriers for international students. CONCLUSIONS The difference between Asian and Western culture caused barriers for international students to fit into a new environment. In terms of integrating into local students, insufficient English language skills, culture shock and personality could be the influence factors. Moreover, the different teaching style and learning style could be the possible reasons for students having difficulty in an independent study. CLINICALTRIAL N/A

Roman Retail Landscapes

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Steven J. R. Ellis
Keyword(s):  
Social Economic ◽  
Economic Rationality ◽  
Retail Outlets ◽  
Basic Understanding ◽  
Urban Topography ◽  
The Subject ◽  
Made In

This chapter examines the socio-economic motivations behind the shaping of retail landscapes in Roman cities. It is about who opened retail outlets, as well as why and where. After critiquing some of the normal methods for illustrating the locations of shops and bars, including the conventional distribution plan itself, as well as questioning the economic rationality of operating tabernae, this chapter argues for the value in complicating our otherwise basic understanding of why urban investments were made in the places we find them. Rather than accepting profit as the single motivation to urban investment, a range of social, economic, and political motivations are considered as an explanation for the ultimate shape of Roman retail landscapes. Thus beyond discussions of space and urban topography, the subject of this chapter is investment.

scholarly journals Medicines dispensing practice during the era of COVID-19 pandemic: a commentary

2021 ◽  
Vol 14 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Gemmechu Hasen ◽  
Rashed Edris ◽  
Gadisa Chala ◽  
Yesuneh Tefera ◽  
Hawi Hussen ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Global Health ◽  
Turning Point ◽  
Healthcare Systems ◽  
Pharmacy Services ◽  
Resource Limited Settings ◽  
Health Crisis ◽  
Drug Dispensing ◽  
Resource Limited ◽  
Retail Outlets ◽  
Jimma Town

AbstractThe coronavirus disease 19 (COVID-19) pandemic is putting a huge strain on healthcare systems and is a turning point for the beginning of a global health crisis of an unprecedented condition. As such, the provision of quality pharmacy services particularly, dispensing practice with pre-existing challenges in resource-limited settings is a grave concern in the era of the COVID-19 pandemic. Thus, in this commentary we described the pattern of dispensing practice in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic by evaluating the current condition of drug dispensing practice in drug retail outlets of Jimma Town.

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