Price Variations on Automatic Washing Machines in Chicago, Illinois, Among Different Types of Retail Outlets-1955 Versus 1958

1959 ◽  
Vol 32 (2) ◽  
pp. 133 ◽  
Author(s):  
Allen F. Jung
Keyword(s):  
Washing Machines ◽  
Retail Outlets ◽  
Different Types

scholarly journals Prevalence and determinants of inappropriate antibiotic dispensing at private drug retail outlets in urban and rural areas of Indonesia: a mixed methods study

2021 ◽  
Vol 6 (8) ◽  
pp. e004993
Author(s):  
Luh Putu Lila Wulandari ◽  
Mishal Khan ◽  
Marco Liverani ◽  
Astri Ferdiana ◽  
Yusuf Ari Mashuri ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rural Areas ◽  
Primary Outcome ◽  
Upper Respiratory Tract ◽  
Retail Outlets ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Upper Respiratory ◽  
Urban And Rural Areas ◽  
Standardised Patients ◽  
Drug Sellers

IntroductionThe aim of this mixed-method study was to determine the extent and determinants of inappropriate dispensing of antibiotics by licensed private drug retail outlets in Indonesia.MethodsStandardised patients (SPs) made a total of 495 visits to 166 drug outlets (community pharmacies and drug stores) between July and August 2019. The SPs presented three clinical cases to drug outlet staff: parent of a child at home with diarrhoea; an adult with presumptive tuberculosis (TB); and an adult with upper respiratory tract infection (URTI). The primary outcome was the dispensing of an antibiotic without prescription, with or without the client requesting it. We used multivariable random effects logistic regression to assess factors associated with the primary outcome and conducted 31 interviews with drug outlet staff to explore these factors in greater depth.ResultsAntibiotic dispensing without prescription occurred in 69% of SP visits. Dispensing antibiotics without a prescription was more likely in standalone pharmacies and pharmacies attached to clinics compared with drug stores, with an OR of 5.9 (95% CI 3.2 to 10.8) and OR of 2.2 (95% CI 1.2 to 3.9); and more likely for TB and URTI SP-performed cases compared with child diarrhoea cases, with an OR of 5.7 (95% CI 3.1 to 10.8) and OR of 5.2 (95% CI 2.7 to 9.8). Interviews revealed that inappropriate antibiotic dispensing was driven by strong patient demand for antibiotics, unqualified drug sellers dispensing medicines, competition between different types of drug outlets, drug outlet owners pushing their staff to sell medicines, and weak enforcement of regulations.ConclusionThis study shows that inappropriate dispensing of antibiotics by private drug retail outlets is widespread. Interventions will need to address not only the role of drug sellers, but also the demand for antibiotics among clients and the push from drug outlet owners to compete with other outlets.

scholarly journals Quality Assessment and Comparison of Three Different Types of Fish Retail Outlets of Navi Mumbai, Maharashtra, India

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (08) ◽  
pp. 248-259
Author(s):  
L. Narasimha Murthy ◽  
A. Jeyakumari ◽  
Girija G. Phadke ◽  
U. Parvathy ◽  
S. Visnuvinayagam ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Assessment ◽  
Retail Outlets ◽  
Different Types

scholarly journals Retail Target Markets for Landscape Plants

1990 ◽  
Vol 8 (3) ◽  
pp. 115-118
Author(s):  
Steven C. Turner ◽  
Jeffrey H. Dorfman
Keyword(s):  
Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Empirical Evidence ◽  
Marketing Strategies ◽  
Full Information ◽  
Retail Outlet ◽  
Full Information Maximum Likelihood ◽  
Landscape Plants ◽  
Retail Outlets ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Target Markets

Abstract Merchandisers of landscape plants can increase the effectiveness of their marketing strategies by identifying target markets. Using full information maximum likelihood tobit procedure, different types of retail outlets were shown to have different target markets in Georgia, The results lend support and empirical evidence to the premise that different retail outlet types have different target markets.

Spillover Impact of Non-Gaming Amenities on Gaming Volumes

2018 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
pp. 262-269
Author(s):  
Ji Hye Min ◽  
Harold Lee ◽  
Shane C. Blum
Keyword(s):  
Data Collection ◽  
Performance Data ◽  
Casino Industry ◽  
Significant Relationships ◽  
Retail Outlets ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Fierce Competition

Considering the popularity of integrated resorts, this study aimed to investigate different types of non-gaming amenities as indirect casino revenue-generating centers. With fierce competition in the casino industry, non-gaming amenities, such as casino-operated restaurants, showrooms, hotel rooms, and retail outlets, are used as a tool to attract customers and generate more casino sales. In this regard, non-gaming amenities need to be evaluated not only by the revenue they generate but also by the indirect revenue they contribute to other amenities such as gaming. By examining casino performance data over a 365-day period, the finding suggested little effect of non-gaming amenities on table gaming volume. However, restaurant and showroom amenities were found to have positive and significant relationships with slot gaming volume. The findings of the study advance the literature as non-gaming and gaming relationships have not been addressed deeply in the literature due to the difficulty of data collection. The study also provides practical insights for operators to increase earnings with the optimal use of non-gaming amenities.

The extinction time of a general birth and death process with catastrophes

1986 ◽  
Vol 23 (04) ◽  
pp. 851-858 ◽  
Author(s):  
P. J. Brockwell
Keyword(s):  
Laplace Transform ◽  
Size Distribution ◽  
Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient Conditions ◽  
Death Process ◽  
Extinction Time ◽  
Birth And Death Process ◽  
Different Types ◽  
The Laplace Transform ◽  
Necessary And Sufficient

The Laplace transform of the extinction time is determined for a general birth and death process with arbitrary catastrophe rate and catastrophe size distribution. It is assumed only that the birth rates satisfyλ0= 0,λj> 0 for eachj> 0, and. Necessary and sufficient conditions for certain extinction of the population are derived. The results are applied to the linear birth and death process (λj=jλ, µj=jμ) with catastrophes of several different types.

Differentiating between different forms of moral obligations

2020 ◽  
Vol 43 ◽  
Author(s):  
Rajen A. Anderson ◽  
Benjamin C. Ruisch ◽  
David A. Pizarro
Keyword(s):  
Moral Character ◽  
Moral Obligations ◽  
Different Types

Abstract We argue that Tomasello's account overlooks important psychological distinctions between how humans judge different types of moral obligations, such as prescriptive obligations (i.e., what one should do) and proscriptive obligations (i.e., what one should not do). Specifically, evaluating these different types of obligations rests on different psychological inputs and has distinct downstream consequences for judgments of moral character.

Ultrastructural Investigations of the Contractile Filaments of Amoebae

1974 ◽  
Vol 32 ◽  
pp. 188-189
Author(s):  
P.L. Moore
Keyword(s):  
Cytoplasmic Streaming ◽  
Three Dimensional ◽  
Freeze Fracture ◽  
Amoeboid Movement ◽  
Different Types ◽  
Chemical Conditions ◽  
Complete Interpretation

Previous freeze fracture results on the intact giant, amoeba Chaos carolinensis indicated the presence of a fibrillar arrangement of filaments within the cytoplasm. A complete interpretation of the three dimensional ultrastructure of these structures, and their possible role in amoeboid movement was not possible, since comparable results could not be obtained with conventional fixation of intact amoebae. Progress in interpreting the freeze fracture images of amoebae required a more thorough understanding of the different types of filaments present in amoebae, and of the ways in which they could be organized while remaining functional.The recent development of a calcium sensitive, demembranated, amoeboid model of Chaos carolinensis has made it possible to achieve a better understanding of such functional arrangements of amoeboid filaments. In these models the motility of demembranated cytoplasm can be controlled in vitro, and the chemical conditions necessary for contractility, and cytoplasmic streaming can be investigated. It is clear from these studies that “fibrils” exist in amoeboid models, and that they are capable of contracting along their length under conditions similar to those which cause contraction in vertebrate muscles.

Study of the Molecular Architecture of Keratin Filaments by Electron Microscopy

1982 ◽  
Vol 40 ◽  
pp. 118-119
Author(s):  
U. Aebi ◽  
P. Rew ◽  
T.-T. Sun
Keyword(s):  
Electron Microscopy ◽  
Structural Organization ◽  
Cell Types ◽  
Structural Features ◽  
Molecular Architecture ◽  
The Past ◽  
Keratin Filaments ◽  
Different Types ◽  
10 Nm Filaments ◽  
Different Cell Types

Various types of intermediate-sized (10-nm) filaments have been found and described in many different cell types during the past few years. Despite the differences in the chemical composition among the different types of filaments, they all yield common structural features: they are usually up to several microns long and have a diameter of 7 to 10 nm; there is evidence that they are made of several 2 to 3.5 nm wide protofilaments which are helically wound around each other; the secondary structure of the polypeptides constituting the filaments is rich in ∞-helix. However a detailed description of their structural organization is lacking to date.

A New Defect in Polyethylene Single Crystals

1973 ◽  
Vol 31 ◽  
pp. 70-71
Author(s):  
E. L. Thomas ◽  
S. L. Sass
Keyword(s):  
Single Crystals ◽  
Screw Dislocation ◽  
Small Distance ◽  
Dipole Model ◽  
Dislocation Dipole ◽  
Chain Folding ◽  
Black And White ◽  
Polymer Crystal ◽  
Different Types

In polyethylene single crystals pairs of black and white lines spaced 700-3,000Å apart, parallel to the [100] and [010] directions, have been identified as microsector boundaries. A microsector is formed when the plane of chain folding changes over a small distance within a polymer crystal. In order for the different types of folds to accommodate at the boundary between the 2 fold domains, a staggering along the chain direction and a rotation of the chains in the plane of the boundary occurs. The black-white contrast from a microsector boundary can be explained in terms of these chain rotations. We demonstrate that microsectors can terminate within the crystal and interpret the observed terminal strain contrast in terms of a screw dislocation dipole model.

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