mRNA Biomarker in Anal Cytology: A Feasible Approach for Anal Cancer Screening in Men Who Have Sex with Men Living with HIV

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marta del Pino ◽  
Cristina Martí ◽  
Jina Gaber ◽  
Cecilia Svanholm-Barrie ◽  
Leonardo Rodríguez-Caruchio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Anal Cancer ◽  
Anal Cytology ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Anal Cancer Screening ◽  
Living With Hiv

scholarly journals mRNA Detection in Anal Cytology: A Feasible Approach for Anal Cancer Screening in Men Who Have Sex with Men Living With HIV

Diagnostics ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (4) ◽  
pp. 173
Author(s):  
Pino ◽  
Martí ◽  
Gaber ◽  
Svanholm-Barrie ◽  
Rodríguez-Carunchio ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Anal Cancer ◽  
Intraepithelial Neoplasia ◽  
Low Grade ◽  
Mrna Detection ◽  
Hpv Test ◽  
Screening Strategies ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Anal Cancer Screening ◽  
Living With Hiv

There is growing interest in anal cancer screening strategies. However, cytological/molecular evaluation of anal samples is challenging. We aimed to determine the feasibility of detecting, in anal liquid-based cytologies, the expression of biomarkers involved in the cell cycle disturbance elicited by human papillomavirus (HPV). The accuracy of this approach in the identification of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions/anal intraepithelial neoplasia grade2–3 (HSIL/AIN2–3) was also evaluated. 215 anal cytologies from men having sex with men living with human immunodeficiency virus were evaluated. Patients showing concordant cytological and anoscopy-directed biopsy diagnosis were selected: 70 with negative cytology and HPV test, 70 with low-grade SIL (LSIL/AIN1) cytology and biopsy, and 75 with cytology and biopsy of HSIL/AIN2–3. CDKN2A/p16, MKI67 and TOP2A mRNA expression was analyzed. HPV detection was performed with Xpert HPV Assay (Cepheid, Sunnyvale, CA, USA). HSIL/AIN2–3 showed higher expression for the biomarkers than LSIL/AIN1 or negative samples. The specificity for HSIL/AIN2–3 detection for a sensitivity established at 70% was 44.7% (95%confidence interval [CI] 36.5–53.2) for TOP2A and MKI67 and 54.5% (95%CI 46.0–62.8%) for CDKN2A/p16. mRNA detection of cell biomarkers in anal liquid-based cytology is feasible. Further studies are warranted to confirm if strategies based on mRNA detection have any role in anal cancer screening.

scholarly journals Acceptability of anal cancer screening tests for women living with HIV in the EVVA study

2020 ◽  
Vol 27 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
E. Kaufman ◽  
C. De Castro ◽  
T. Williamson ◽  
B. Lessard ◽  
M. Munoz ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Anal Cancer ◽  
Screening Tests ◽  
Adult Women ◽  
Hpv Testing ◽  
Women Living With Hiv ◽  
Cancer Screening Tests ◽  
Anal Cytology ◽  
Anal Cancer Screening ◽  
Living With Hiv

Background Anal cancer is potentially preventable through screening. For screening to be implemented, the screening procedures must be acceptable to the affected population. The objective of the present study was to measure the acceptability of currently available anal cancer screening tests in a population of women living with hiv who had experienced the tests.Methods The evva study (“Evaluation of Human Immunodeficiency Virus, Human Papillomavirus, and Anal Intraepithelial Neoplasia in Women”) is a prospective cohort study of adult women living with hiv in Montreal, Quebec. Participants were screened with cervical or anal hpv testing and cervical or anal cytology every 6 months for 2 years. High-resolution anoscopy (hra) and digital anal rectal examination (dare) were also performed systematically, with biopsies, at baseline and at 2 years. An acceptability questionnaire was administered at the final visit or at study withdrawal.Results Of 124 women who completed the acceptability questionnaire, most considered screening “an absolute necessity” in routine care for all women living with hiv [77%; 95% confidence interval (ci): 69% to 84%]. Yearly anal cytology or anal hpv testing was considered very acceptable by 81% (95% ci: 73% to 88%); hra every 2 years was considered very acceptable by 84% (95% ci: 77% to 90%); and yearly dare was considered very acceptable by 87% (95% ci: 79% to 92%). Acceptability increased to more than 95% with a longer proposed time interval. Pain was the main reason for lower acceptability.Conclusions Most participating women considered anal cancer screening necessary and very acceptable. Longer screening intervals and adequate pain management could further increase the acceptability of repeated screening.

Factors associated with self-reported anal cancer screening history in men who have sex with men

Sexual Health ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 96 ◽  
Author(s):  
Joseph T. Hicks ◽  
Lu-Yu Hwang ◽  
Sarah Baraniuk ◽  
Margaret White ◽  
Elizabeth Y. Chiao ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Anal Cancer ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Computer Assisted ◽  
National Guidelines ◽  
Cancer Data ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Anal Cytology ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Anal Cancer Screening

Background Men who have sex with men (MSM) are at greater risk of developing anal cancer caused by human papillomavirus (HPV) than the rest of the general population. Currently, there are no formal national guidelines in the US advising men how and when to get anal cancer screening. We sought to assess differences in demographics, familiarity and anxiety about anal cancer among men who report having had anal cancer screening (i.e. anal cytology and/or a digital anorectal examination (DARE)). Methods: MSM were recruited to participate in a study to assess the feasibility of teaching self and partner anal examinations as a means of screening for anal cancer. Data for this secondary analysis were obtained using a written pre-test and a computer-assisted self-interview. Factors associated with screening were assessed with multivariable logistic regression to allow calculation of adjusted odds ratios (aORs). Results: Of the 197 participants with data, 145 (73.6%) reported having had anal cancer screening (either anal cytology, DARE or both) during their lifetime. Men who were younger, Black and HIV-negative were associated with decreased odds of reporting any type of anal cancer screening. For example, compared with White men, Black men were 80% less likely to report screening (aOR 0.2; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.1–0.5). Self-perception of anal cancer knowledge was not associated with screening in multivariable analysis (aOR 1.6; 95% CI 0.6–3.9). Conclusions: Age, race and HIV status were independently associated with a history of anal cancer screening.

Factors associated with anal cancer screening uptake in men who have sex with men living with HIV

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 1-6
Author(s):  
Alexis Vanhaesebrouck ◽  
Simon Pernot ◽  
Juliette Pavie ◽  
Marie-Laure Lucas ◽  
Lio Collias ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Screening ◽  
Anal Cancer ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Screening Uptake ◽  
Sex With Men ◽  
Anal Cancer Screening ◽  
Living With Hiv

Cytology in Anal Cancer Screening: Practical Review for Clinicians

2019 ◽  
Vol 64 (4) ◽  
pp. 281-287 ◽  
Author(s):  
Andreia Albuquerque
Keyword(s):  
Cancer Screening ◽  
High Risk ◽  
Anal Cancer ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Hiv Positive ◽  
Solid Organ ◽  
Anal Squamous Cell Carcinoma ◽  
Incidence And Mortality ◽  
Anal Cytology ◽  
Anal Cancer Screening

The incidence and mortality of anal squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) are expected to continue to increase in the next 20 years. High-risk groups for anal SCC, i.e., human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-positive patients, men who have sex with men (MSM), women with previous genital neoplasia, and solid-organ transplant recipients, have been identified. HIV-positive MSM have the highest risk, and some societies have advocated for anal cancer screening to be done in this population. Screening for anal SCC follows the same principles as that for cervical cancer since there are similarities between the two types of cancers. Anal cytology has been recommended as an initial screening method for high-risk groups, e.g., HIV-positive MSM. Normally, the cytology is liquid based and collected blindly by a clinician using a Dacron swab and it is especially used for internal lesions detection. The sensitivity to predict anal high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions is higher in immunosuppressed patients with a high burden of the disease. The report should include the classification, normally according to the Bethesda terminology and the sample adequacy, in a manner similar to that for cervical cytology. In cases involving unsatisfactory samples, it is important to repeat the procedure given the prevalence of anal squamous cytological abnormalities in follow-up cytology procedures. The absence of transformation zone cells in anal cytology seems to increase the risk of false-negative results.

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