Increasing Cervical Cancer Incidence in Rural Eastern Cape Province of South Africa, 1998-2012 - A Population-Based Cancer Registry Study

(1) Background: Romania has one of the highest cervical cancer incidence rates in Europe. In Cluj County, the first screening program was initiated in 1998. We aimed to investigate the time trends of cervical cancer incidence in women from Cluj County and to evaluate the data quality at the Cancer Registry. (2) Methods: We calculated time trends of standardized incidence rates in the period 1998–2014 and the Annual Percent Change (APC%). To assess data quality, we used the indicators: mortality/incidence ratio (M/I), percentage of cases declared only at death (DOD%), and percentage of cases with pathological confirmation (PC%). (3) Results: The standardized incidence rate increased steadily, from 23.74 cases/100,000 in 1998, to 32/100,000 in 2014, with an APC% of 2.49% (p < 0.05). The rise in incidence affected both squamous cell carcinoma (APC% 2.49%) (p < 0.05) and cervical adenocarcinoma (APC% 10.54%) (p < 0.05). The M/I ratio was 0.29, DOD% 2.66%, and MC% 94.8%. The last two parameters are within the silver standard concerning data quality. (4) Conclusions. Our study revealed an ascending trend of cervical cancer incidence, more consistent for adenocarcinoma, in the context of a newly introduced screening program and partially due to the improvement of the quality of case reporting at the Cancer Registry from Cluj.

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Increasing Cervical Cancer Incidence in Rural Eastern Cape Province of South Africa From 1998 to 2012: A Population-Based Cancer Registry Study

JCO Global Oncology ◽

10.1200/jgo.19.00198 ◽

2020 ◽

pp. 1-8

Author(s):

Nontuthuzelo I.M. Somdyala ◽

Debbie Bradshaw ◽

Muhammad A. Dhansay ◽

Daniela C. Stefan

Keyword(s):

South Africa ◽

Cervical Cancer ◽

Cancer Registry ◽

Screening Program ◽

Population Based ◽

Incidence Rates ◽

District Health ◽

Northern Area ◽

Southern Area ◽

Screening Coverage

PURPOSE In this study, we aimed to investigate trends in the age-standardized and age-specific incidence rates in two distinct regions (the northern and southern areas) of South Africa covered by a population-based cancer registry. In addition, trends in coverage of the cervical cancer screening program were assessed using routine health service data. METHODS Occurrences (topography C53.0-C53.9) for the period 1998-2012 were extracted from a cancer registry database from which basic descriptive statistics and frequencies were analyzed for all variables using CanReg4. Trends over time were estimated using a direct standardization method and world standard population as a reference. Screening coverage annualized figures for women age ≥ 30 years by sub–health district were extracted from the District Health Information System. RESULTS In the northern area, annual age-standardized incidence rates per 100,000 women increased from 24.0 (95% CI, 21.1 to 27.0) in 1998-2002 to 39.0 (95% CI, 35.6 to 42.5) in 2008-2012, with a screening coverage rate of 15% by 2012. In contrast, no increase was observed in incidence in the southern area, with rates of 20.0 (95% CI, 18.5 to 21.4) in 1998-2002 and 18.8 (95% CI, 16.2 to 21.4) in 2008-2012, and the southern area had a higher screening coverage of 41% in 2012. Overall, the percentage distribution of stage at diagnosis showed that 28.5% of occurrences were diagnosed at disease stages I and II and 35%, at III and IV; 36% had with missing stage information (2003-2012). In 77% of occurrences, a histologically verified diagnosis was made, compared with only 12.3% by cytology. CONCLUSION This study has demonstrated an almost two-fold increase in the incidence rate in the northern area but little change in the southern area of the cancer registry.

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Cervical Cancer Incidence Trends in Canada: A 30-Year Population-Based Analysis

Journal of Obstetrics and Gynaecology Canada ◽

10.1016/s1701-2163(15)30877-x ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 35 (7) ◽

pp. 620-626 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Alireza Mosavi-Jarrahi ◽

Erich V. Kliewer

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Population Based ◽

Cervical Cancer Incidence ◽

Incidence Trends

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Trends of Gynecological Cancers in Turkey: Toward Europe or Asia?

International Journal of Gynecological Cancer ◽

10.1136/ijgc-00009577-201710001-00001 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 27 (8S) ◽

pp. S1-S9 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Murat Gultekin ◽

Irem Kucukyildiz ◽

Mujdegul Zayifoglu Karaca ◽

Selin Dundar ◽

Guledal Boztas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Cancer Registry ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Gynecological Cancer ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Tumor Type ◽

Asian Countries ◽

Gynecological Cancers ◽

Cervical Cancer Incidence ◽

National Cancer Registry

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate nationwide gynecological cancer trends in Turkey.MethodsNational cancer registry data (2009–2013) of Turkish Ministry of Health were evaluated. Ovarian, cervical, endometrial, vulvar, vaginal, and tubal cancers are evaluated with respect to age of diagnosis, incidence rates within years, stage, histological distributions, and mortality rates. Data were collected from active cancer registry centers, which increased from 23% in 2009 to 47.5% coverage of the whole population by 2012, and mortality data (2010–2015) were obtained from the Turkish Statistical Institute.ResultsA total of 16,023 gynecological cancers were evaluated among 116,940 female patients with cancer (13.7%). Average incidence for gynecological cancers was 22.7 of 100,000, representing 8437 total new cases annually. Incidence changes within time were not statistically significant, when evaluated for each tumor type. Estimated risk of gynecological cancer development before the age of 80 years was 3.08% (95% confidence interval, 3.07–3.09). The most common gynecological cancers were uterine corpus cancers, which were followed by ovarian and cervical carcinomas. Ovarian and uterine cancer incidences were closer to European levels rather than Asian countries, whereas cervical cancer incidence was extremely low. Gynecological cancers constituted an important fraction of cancer-related mortality in women by comprising approximately 10.35% of cancer-related deaths. Mortality rates due to gynecological cancers did not show a statistically significant increase within years.ConclusionsThis is the first national cancer registry report to be published for gynecological cancers by the Turkish Governmental Department. As a result, Turkish gynecological cancer epidemiological data were consistent with the data obtained from European and developed countries rather than Asian countries, except for cervical cancer incidence, which is extremely low.

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Impact of screening on cervical cancer incidence: A population‐based case–control study in the United States

International Journal of Cancer ◽

10.1002/ijc.32826 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 147 (3) ◽

pp. 887-896

Author(s):

Rebecca Landy ◽

Peter D. Sasieni ◽

Christopher Mathews ◽

Charles L. Wiggins ◽

Michael Robertson ◽

...

Keyword(s):

United States ◽

Cervical Cancer ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Case Control Study ◽

The United States ◽

Population Based ◽

Case Control ◽

Cervical Cancer Incidence ◽

Control Study

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Trends of Gynecological Cancers in Turkey: Toward Europe or Asia?

International Journal of Gynecological Cancer ◽

10.1097/igc.0000000000001026 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 27 (7) ◽

pp. 1525-1533 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

Murat Gultekin ◽

Irem Kucukyildiz ◽

Mujdegul Zayifoglu Karaca ◽

Selin Dundar ◽

Guledal Boztas ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Cancer Registry ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Gynecological Cancer ◽

Mortality Rates ◽

Tumor Type ◽

Asian Countries ◽

Gynecological Cancers ◽

Cervical Cancer Incidence ◽

National Cancer Registry

ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to evaluate nationwide gynecological cancer trends in Turkey.MethodsNational cancer registry data (2009–2013) of Turkish Ministry of Health were evaluated. Ovarian, cervical, endometrial, vulvar, vaginal, and tubal cancers are evaluated with respect to age of diagnosis, incidence rates within years, stage, histological distributions, and mortality rates. Data were collected from active cancer registry centers, which increased from 23% in 2009 to 47.5% coverage of the whole population by 2012, and mortality data (2010–2015) were obtained from the Turkish Statistical Institute.ResultsA total of 16,023 gynecological cancers were evaluated among 116,940 female patients with cancer (13.7%). Average incidence for gynecological cancers was 22.7 of 100,000, representing 8437 total new cases annually. Incidence changes within time were not statistically significant, when evaluated for each tumor type. Estimated risk of gynecological cancer development before the age of 80 years was 3.08% (95% confidence interval, 3.07–3.09). The most common gynecological cancers were uterine corpus cancers, which were followed by ovarian and cervical carcinomas. Ovarian and uterine cancer incidences were closer to European levels rather than Asian countries, whereas cervical cancer incidence was extremely low. Gynecological cancers constituted an important fraction of cancer-related mortality in women by comprising approximately 10.35% of cancer-related deaths. Mortality rates due to gynecological cancers did not show a statistically significant increase within years.ConclusionsThis is the first national cancer registry report to be published for gynecological cancers by the Turkish Governmental Department. As a result, Turkish gynecological cancer epidemiological data were consistent with the data obtained from European and developed countries rather than Asian countries, except for cervical cancer incidence, which is extremely low.

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An investigation of cancer incidence in a First Nations community in Alberta, Canada, 1995–2006

Chronic Diseases and Injuries in Canada ◽

10.24095/hpcdp.30.4.05 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 30 (4) ◽

pp. 135-140 ◽

Cited By ~ 3

Author(s):

A. Colquhoun ◽

Z. Jiang ◽

G. Maiangowi ◽

F. Ashbury ◽

Y. Chen ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Public Health ◽

Cervical Cancer ◽

Natural Gas ◽

First Nations ◽

Cancer Registry ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Cervical Cancer Incidence ◽

Health Measures ◽

Nations Community ◽

Alberta Cancer Registry

Objective To determine colorectal and overall cancer incidence as part of a three-pronged investigation in response to the concerns of a First Nations community in Alberta, Canada, located close to sulfur-rich natural gas installations, and to determine whether the incidence of cancers observed in this reserve was higher than expected. Methods A population dataset with information identifying First Nations status and band affiliation was linked to the Alberta Cancer Registry to determine cancer incidence cases between 1995 and 2006 for on- and off-reserve study populations. Using indirect standardized incidence ratios, observed cancer incidence cases for the study populations were compared with cases expected based on three separate reference populations. Results Observed colorectal and overall cancer incidence cases within the First Nations community were not higher than expected. Cervical cancer incidence cases, however, were higher than expected for on- and off-reserve populations; public health measures designed to address this risk have been implemented and on-going surveillance of cancer incidence in the community will be maintained.

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Regional differences in cervical cancer incidence and associated risk behaviors among Norwegian women: a population-based study

BMC Cancer ◽

10.1186/s12885-021-08614-w ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 21 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Bo T. Hansen ◽

Suzanne Campbell ◽

Mari Nygård

Keyword(s):

Cervical Cancer ◽

Sexual Behaviors ◽

Cancer Incidence ◽

Regional Differences ◽

Cervical Screening ◽

Population Based ◽

Cervical Cancer Incidence ◽

Sexually Transmitted ◽

The North ◽

Screening Coverage

Abstract Background Cervical cancer incidence is influenced by screening and risk factors in the population. The main risk factor for cervical cancer is sexually transmitted human papillomavirus (HPV), which is sexually transmitted and thus associated with sexual behavior. Smoking, parity and hormonal contraceptive use may also be associated with cervical cancer risk. We compared incidence, screening coverage and risk behaviors for cervical cancer between health regions in Norway. Methods We obtained data on incidence of cervical cancer among Norwegian women during 1992–2016 and data on screening coverage from the Cancer Registry of Norway. We obtained data on sexual behavior and smoking from a population-based survey of 16,575 Norwegian women who were 18–45 years old in 2005. Results Cervical cancer incidence was higher in the northern and southeastern region than in the middle and western region (range in incidence per 100,000 person-years during 1992–2016; north: 10.5 to 14.6; southeast: 9.3 to 12.9; mid: 6.8 to 9.5; west: 8.4 to 10.0). The incidence decreased modestly in the north (average annual percentage change (95% confidence interval) − 1.0 (− 1.2 to − 0.7)) and southeast (− 0.7 (− 1.0 to − 0.3)), but did not change significantly in the mid (− 0.3 (− 1.0 to 0.4)) and west (− 0.3 (− 0.6 to 0.0)). Compared to the national average, women in the north had earlier sexual debut, more partners and higher prevalence of ever having had a sexually transmitted infection (STI), while the opposite was observed among women in the west. Women in the middle and southeastern regions tended to be similar to the national average for sexual behaviors. Although less pronounced, the prevalence of smoking showed regional patterns similar to that observed for sexual behaviors, while ever-use of hormonal contraceptives and cervical screening coverage was similar between regions. Conclusions There were regional differences in cervical cancer incidence during the era of nationally organized cervical screening in Norway. To some extent, these differences corresponded to regional differences in risk behavior for cervical cancer in the Norwegian female population.

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