Sovereignty and Challenges of the Future International Legally Binding Instrument on Marine Biodiversity Beyond National Jurisdiction: How to Reconcile the Individual Interests of States at Sea and the ‘Common Interest of Mankind’?

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Pascale Ricard
Keyword(s):  
Common Interest ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
The Future ◽  
National Jurisdiction ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual

scholarly journals Pengaruh Persepsi Keadilan Pada Perilaku Konsumsi Berkelanjutan Dalam Perspektif Dilema Sosial

2016 ◽  
Vol 6 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
V. Rachmadi Parmono
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Consumption ◽  
Social Dilemma ◽  
Environmental Issues ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
Consumption Behavior ◽  
Perceived Justice ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Personal Interests ◽  
Willingness To Cooperate

Environmental issues are social dilemmas. In a social dilemma, the individual is faced with the choice to put his personal interests, or cooperate with other individuals by prioritising the common interest. Researcher look at environmental problems has two interrelated issues, namely the issue of environmental justice and sustainable consumption issues. This research will investigate individual’s perceived justice on willingness to cooperate in social dilemma situation. Willingness to cooperate is representing sustainable consumption in social dilemma’s term. This study used experimental method. The results of this studies were as follows. Individual’s perceived justice is determined the willingness to cooperate. Over consumption behavior seemed create unfairness to individuals. Participants were prefer equity rules of fairness than equality rule of fairness to distribute resources among them. The awareness of social dilemma is having a role as a partial mediation that mediate the influence of perceived justice to willingness to cooperate. The awareness of social dilemma altered the preference of fairness from equity to equality. 

THE NEGOTIATIONS FOR A NEW IMPLEMENTING AGREEMENT UNDER THE UN CONVENTION ON THE LAW OF THE SEA CONCERNING MARINE BIODIVERSITY

2020 ◽  
Vol 69 (3) ◽  
pp. 585-610 ◽  
Author(s):  
Efthymios Papastavridis
Keyword(s):  
Sustainable Use ◽  
Law Of The Sea ◽  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Common Heritage Of Mankind ◽  
National Jurisdiction ◽  
The Common ◽  
United Nations Convention ◽  
The Law ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

AbstractThis article discusses the current negotiations for an Implementing Agreement under the United Nations Convention on the Law of Sea on the conservation and sustainable use of marine biodiversity in areas beyond national jurisdiction. It discusses, in particular, the issue of the relationship of the new agreement with existing and future relevant regional instruments and bodies and the need for cooperation and coordination amongst them, the guiding principles of the new agreement, and the question of implementation and enforcement of the new agreement. These issues and the choices that delegations will make respectively highlight the controversy on the underpinning tenet of the agreement, ie between the ‘freedom of the high seas’ and the common heritage of mankind. The article concludes with a pessimistic prognosis that, in general, the agreement will fall short of the expectations that many States and international community have had at the early days of the negotiation.

Recreation

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Clayton Barrows ◽  
Michael Robinson
Keyword(s):  
Common Interest ◽  
Recreational Activity ◽  
Recreational Activities ◽  
Food And Beverage ◽  
The Common ◽  
The Individual

One of the things that makes a club into a club is that it brings together people with a common interest. Sometimes the common interest is food and beverage, but often it is a recreational activity, of which the most prominent is golf. But there are many other recreational activities that take place at clubs and this chapter will discuss many (though not all) of them. Club activities are many and varied. It is important for students to understand the individual activities, and particularly: (1) who participates; (2) how they are managed; (3) how they interact with other activities/areas of the club; (4) whether they are cost centres or profit centres; and (5) trends and changes affecting these activities and their popularity.

The International Seabed Authority and the Enterprise: How Africa is reinvigorating the principle of the common heritage of mankind

2021 ◽  
Vol 2021 ◽  
pp. 1-37
Author(s):  
Mehdi Remaoun
Keyword(s):  
Marine Biodiversity ◽  
Common Heritage ◽  
Common Heritage Of Mankind ◽  
The Status ◽  
National Jurisdiction ◽  
African Group ◽  
The Common ◽  
International Seabed Authority ◽  
Deep Seabed Mining ◽  
The Impact

This article focuses primarily on a submission made by the African Group of States to the International Seabed Authority (ISA) on the operationalisation of the Enterprise. The latter is one of the organs established under Part XI of the 1982 United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (LOSC) and guided by the principle of the common heritage of mankind (CHM). Following several years of the status quo remaining unchanged, the start of the development of the exploitation regulations for deep seabed mining has led to louder calls to operationalise the Enterprise. This article first outlines the origins and legal foundations of the concept ‘Enterprise’. This is followed by discussions on the status of this organ prior to the African Group’s submission, the main elements contained in the submission as well as the reactions to, and the impact of, the submission. Beyond the issue of the Enterprise, this article also considers other attempts of the African Group to give full effect to the CHM principle in the ISA as well as the Group’s attempts to enshrine the CHM principle in a potential third LOSC implementing agreement on marine biodiversity beyond national jurisdiction. It concludes with critical observations that put the various aspects discussed into perspective.

scholarly journals Pengaruh Kepatuhan Wajib Pajak Orang Pribadi Berdasarkan Theory Planned Of Behaviour (TPB)

2020 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 201-209
Author(s):  
Hurian Kamela
Keyword(s):  
Linear Regression Analysis ◽  
Common Interest ◽  
Primary Data ◽  
Behavior Control ◽  
The Public ◽  
Study Results ◽  
The Common ◽  
Tax Payments ◽  
The Individual

There must be an awareness of the public regarding compliance in paying taxes. Tax is a state asset that is collected by the state for the common interest. The role of society in paying taxes must be accompanied by internal (within) the individual itself because there are still limited people who know that taxes are crucial. This study aims to link the effect of individual taxpayer compliance based on the "Theory of Planned Behavior" because this theory is a theory that can measure the internal thinking of taxpayers. This study uses primary data collected through a questionnaire using linear regression analysis. The sample used is a sample (people) of 100 taxpayers using measurements random sampling (people who are in the tax office) 1 month (November 2015). The study results found that the variable attitudes toward behavior, subjective norms and perceptual behavior control were positive influences. That explains a need for awareness of taxpayer compliance to run appropriately, and income from tax payments can increase.

Glossy Global Leadership

2017 ◽  
Author(s):  
Simon Wolfgang Fuchs
Keyword(s):  
Global Leadership ◽  
Political Structure ◽  
Common View ◽  
The Family ◽  
The Future ◽  
The Common ◽  
Arabic And English ◽  
The Individual ◽  
Critical Reflections

This chapter takes a fresh look at religious arguments and debates in the context of the Afghan Jihad of the 1980s and early 1990s. Drawing on unexplored journals published by various Mujahidin parties in Persian (Dari), Urdu, Arabic, and English, it questions the common view of Afghans being exclusively at the financial and intellectual mercy of their foreign backers. Instead, I show how Afghan participants in the Jihad emphasized the international calling and the global implications of their own military and political efforts. I also argue that the experience of the Jihad gave rise not only to new conceptions of the individual, the family, and the nation. It also sparked critical reflections on the future political structure of a liberated Afghanistan that differed notably from ideological visions penned by Arab authors based in the borderlands straddling Pakistan and Afghanistan.

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