Vaccine Effectiveness Against Infection and Death Due to SARS-CoV-2, Following One and Two Doses of the BNT162b2 and ChADox-1 in Residents of Long-Term Care Facilities in England, Using a Time-Varying Proportional Hazards Model

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sathyavani Subbarao ◽  
Andrew Copas ◽  
Nick Andrews ◽  
Charlotte Gower ◽  
Jamie Lopez Bernal ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Care ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Proportional Hazards Model ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Time Varying ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Hazards Model ◽  
Care Facilities

scholarly journals Impact of B.1.351 (beta) SARS-CoV-2 variant on BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine effectiveness in long-term care facilities of eastern France: a retrospective cohort study

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Lefevre ◽  
Laura Tondeur ◽  
Yoann Madec ◽  
Rebecca Grant ◽  
Bruno Lina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort Study ◽  
Retrospective Cohort ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Multivariable Analysis ◽  
Winter Season ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Care Facilities

Abstract Background: We aimed to assess the effectiveness of the BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine against B.1.351 (beta) variant among residents of long-term care facilities (LCTFs) in eastern France. Methods: We used routinely collected surveillance and COVID-19 vaccination data to conduct a retrospective cohort study of SARS-CoV-2 B.1.351 infection incidence and vaccine effectiveness among LCTFs residents in eastern France between 15 January and 19 May 2021. Data from secondary RT-PCR screening were used to identify B.1.351 variants. Findings: Included in our analysis were 378 residents from five LCTFs: 287 (76%) females, with median (IQR) age of 89 (83-92) years. Two B.1.351 outbreaks took place in LTCFs in which more than 70% of residents had received two doses of BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine, which included 11 cases of severe disease and six deaths among those who had received two doses. Vaccine effectiveness (95% CI) seven days after the second dose of vaccine was 49% (14-69) against any infection with B.1.351 and 86% (67-94) against severe forms of COVID-19. In multivariable analysis, females were less likely to develop severe forms of disease (IRR = 0.35, 95% CI = 0.20-0.63). Interpretation: We observed reduced vaccine effectiveness associated with B.1.351, as well as B.1.351 outbreaks in two LTCFs among individuals who had received two doses of vaccine. Our findings highlight the need to maintain SARS-CoV-2 surveillance in these high-risk settings beyond the current COVID-19 mass vaccination campaign, and advocate for a booster vaccine dose prior to the next winter season.

scholarly journals Beta SARS-CoV-2 variant and BNT162b2 vaccine effectiveness in long-term care facilities in France

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Benjamin Lefèvre ◽  
Laura Tondeur ◽  
Yoann Madec ◽  
Rebecca Grant ◽  
Bruno Lina ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Care ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Care Facilities

scholarly journals Changes in COVID-19 outbreak severity and duration in long-term care facilities following vaccine introduction, England, November 2020 to June 2021

2021 ◽  
Vol 26 (46) ◽  
Author(s):  
Rebecca Giddings ◽  
Maria Krutikov ◽  
Tom Palmer ◽  
Christopher Fuller ◽  
Borscha Azmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Care ◽  
Vaccine Coverage ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Vaccine Introduction ◽  
Care Facilities ◽  
The Impact

We describe the impact of changing epidemiology and vaccine introduction on characteristics of COVID-19 outbreaks in 330 long-term care facilities (LTCF) in England between November 2020 and June 2021. As vaccine coverage in LTCF increased and national incidence declined, the total number of outbreaks and outbreak severity decreased across the LTCF. The number of infected cases per outbreak decreased by 80.6%, while the proportion of outbreaks affecting staff only increased. Our study supports findings of vaccine effectiveness in LTCF.

scholarly journals Vaccine effectiveness of the first dose of ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 and BNT162b2 against SARS-CoV-2 infection in residents of Long-Term Care Facilities (VIVALDI study)

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Madhumita Shrotri ◽  
Maria Krutikov ◽  
Tom Palmer ◽  
Rebecca Giddings ◽  
Borscha Azmi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Care ◽  
Proportional Hazards ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Cox Proportional Hazards ◽  
Protective Effects ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Department Of Health ◽  
Health And Social Care ◽  
Care Facilities

Background The effectiveness of SARS-CoV-2 vaccines in frail older adults living in Long-Term Care Facilities (LTCFs) is uncertain. We estimated protective effects of the first dose of ChAdOx1 and BNT162b2 vaccines against infection in this population. Methods Cohort study comparing vaccinated and unvaccinated LTCF residents in England, undergoing routine asymptomatic testing (8 December 2020 - 15 March 2021). We estimated the relative hazard of PCR-positive infection using Cox proportional hazards regression, adjusting for age, sex, prior infection, local SARS-CoV-2 incidence, LTCF bed capacity, and clustering by LTCF. Results Of 10,412 residents (median age 86 years) from 310 LTCFs, 9,160 were vaccinated with either ChAdOx1 (6,138; 67%) or BNT162b2 (3,022; 33%) vaccines. A total of 670,628 person days and 1,335 PCR-positive infections were included. Adjusted hazard ratios (aHRs) for PCR-positive infection relative to unvaccinated residents declined from 28 days following the first vaccine dose to 0.44 (0.24, 0.81) at 28-34 days and 0.38 (0.19, 0.77) at 35-48 days. Similar effect sizes were seen for ChAdOx1 (aHR 0.32 [0.15-0.66] and BNT162b2 (aHR 0.35 [0.17, 0.71]) vaccines at 35-48 days. Mean PCR cycle threshold values were higher, implying lower infectivity, for infections 28 or more days post-vaccination compared with those prior to vaccination (31.3 vs 26.6, p<0.001). Interpretation The first dose of BNT162b2 and ChAdOx1 vaccines was associated with substantially reduced SARS-CoV-2 infection risk in LTCF residents from 4 weeks to at least 7 weeks. Funding UK Government Department of Health and Social Care.

scholarly journals High vaccine effectiveness against coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) and severe disease among residents and staff of long-term care facilities in Norway, November 2020–June 2021

2022 ◽  
Vol 2 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Jostein Starrfelt ◽  
Anders Skyrud Danielsen ◽  
Oliver Kacelnik ◽  
Anita Wang Børseth ◽  
Elina Seppälä ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Long Term Care ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
Morbidity And Mortality ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Care Facilities

Abstract Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) causes high morbidity and mortality in long-term care facilities (LTCFs). COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against infection was 81.5% and 81.4% among fully vaccinated residents and staff in LTCFs. The vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19-associated death was 93.1% among residents, and no hospitalizations occurred among fully vaccinated staff.

scholarly journals High vaccine effectiveness against COVID-19 infection and severe disease among residents and staff of long-term care facilities in Norway, November - June 2021

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jostein Starrfelt ◽  
Anders S Danielsen ◽  
Oliver Kacelnik ◽  
Anita Wang Borseth ◽  
Elina Seppala ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Care Workers ◽  
Long Term Care ◽  
Severe Disease ◽  
Vaccine Dose ◽  
Vaccine Effectiveness ◽  
High Morbidity ◽  
Term Care ◽  
Care Workers ◽  
Care Facilities

COVID-19 has caused high morbidity and mortality in long-term care facilities (LTCFs) worldwide. We estimated vaccine effectiveness (VE) among residents and health care workers (HCWs) in LTCFs using Cox regressions. The VE against SARS-CoV-2 infection was 81.5 (95%CI: 75.3-86.1 82.7%) and 81.4% (95%CI: 74.5-86.4%) 7 days or more after 2nd vaccine dose among residents and staff respectively. The VE against COVID-19 associated death was 93.1% among residents, no hospitalisations occurred among HCW 7 days or more after 2nd dose.

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