Developing a Comprehensive Analytical Protocol for Forensic Sexual Lubricant Analysis – Part 1: Implementing a Sexual Lubricant Database for Forensic Casework

AbstractUV/Vis absorption spectroelectrochemistry is a very promising analytical technique due to the complementary information that is simultaneously obtained from electrochemistry and spectroscopy. In this work, this technique is used in a parallel configuration to study the oxidation of folic acid in alkaline medium. Herein, UV/Vis absorption spectroelectrochemistry has been used to detect both the oxidation products and the folic acid consumed at the electrode/solution interface, allowing us to develop an analytical protocol to quantify vitamin B9 in pharmaceutical tablets. Linear ranges of three orders of magnitude have been achieved in basic medium (pH = 12.9), obtaining high repeatability and low detection limits. The spectroelectrochemical determination of folic acid in pharmaceutical tablets at alkaline pH values is particularly interesting because of the changes that occur in the optical signal during the electrochemical oxidation of FA, providing results with very good figures of merit and demonstrating the utility and versatility of this hyphenated technique, UV/Vis absorption spectroelectrochemistry.

High-Performance Liquid Chromatography-Tandem Mass Spectrometry for Buprenorphine Evaluation in Plasma—Application to Pharmacokinetic Studies in Rabbits

Molecules ◽

10.3390/molecules26020437 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 26 (2) ◽

pp. 437

Author(s):

Marta Tikhomirov ◽

Błażej Poźniak ◽

Tomasz Śniegocki

Keyword(s):

High Performance ◽

Pharmacokinetic Profile ◽

Pharmacokinetic Studies ◽

Limit Of Quantification ◽

Reliable Determination ◽

Main Challenge ◽

Analytical Protocol ◽

Liquid Chromatography Tandem Mass ◽

Cost Efficient

The precise and reliable determination of buprenorphine concentration is fundamental in certain medical or research applications, particularly in pharmacokinetic studies of this opioid. The main challenge is, however, the development of an analytical method that is sensitive enough, as the detected in vivo concentrations often fall in very low ranges. Thus, in this study we aimed at developing a sensitive, repeatable, cost-efficient, and easy HPLC analytical protocol for buprenorphine in rabbit plasma. In order to obtain this, the HPLC-MS2 system was used to elaborate and validate the method for samples purified with liquid-liquid extraction. Fragment ions 468.6→396.2 and 468.6→414.2 were monitored, and the method resulted in a high repeatability and reproducibility and a limit of quantification of 0.25 µg/L with a recovery of 98.7–109.0%. The method was linear in a range of 0.25–2000 µg/L. The suitability of the analytical procedure was tested in rabbits in a pilot pharmacokinetic study, and it was revealed that the method was suitable for comprehensively describing the pharmacokinetic profile after buprenorphine intravenous administration at a dose of 300 µg/kg. Thus, the method suitability for pharmacokinetic application was confirmed by both the good validation results of the method and successful in vivo tests in rabbits.

Influencing Factors on Postmortem Protein Degradation for PMI Estimation: A Systematic Review

Diagnostics ◽

10.3390/diagnostics11071146 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 11 (7) ◽

pp. 1146

Author(s):

Angela Zissler ◽

Walter Stoiber ◽

Janine Geissenberger ◽

Peter Steinbacher ◽

Fabio C. Monticelli ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Protein Degradation ◽

Influencing Factors ◽

Reference Lists ◽

Risk Of Bias ◽

Correction Factors ◽

Exclusion Criteria ◽

Scientific Databases ◽

Forensic Casework ◽

Methodological Approaches ◽

Pmi Estimation

The present review provides an overview of the current research status on the effects of influencing factors on postmortem protein degradation used to estimate the PMI (postmortem interval). Focus was set on characteristics of internal and external influencing factors and the respective susceptibility and/or robustness of protein degradation. A systematic literature search up to December 2020 was conducted on the effect of influencing factors investigated in the context of postmortem protein degradation in the tissues of animals and humans using the scientific databases PubMed and Google Scholar, as well as the reference lists of eligible articles. We identified ten studies investigating a total of seven different influencing factors in degrading tissues/organs (n = 7) of humans and animals using six different methodological approaches. Although comparison of study outcomes was impeded by the high variety of investigated factors, and by high risk of bias appraisals, it was evident that the majority of the influencing factors concerned affected protein degradation, thus being able to modulate the precision of protein degradation-based PMI estimation. The results clearly highlight the need for a thorough screening for corresponding factors to enable the introduction of appropriate correction factors and exclusion criteria. This seems especially relevant for the protein degradation-based study of human PMI to increase the reliability and precision of the method and to facilitate a broader applicability in routine forensic casework.

Pre‐analytical protocol for measuring Alzheimer's disease biomarkers in fresh CSF

Alzheimer s & Dementia Diagnosis Assessment & Disease Monitoring ◽

10.1002/dad2.12137 ◽

2020 ◽

Vol 12 (1) ◽

Author(s):

Oskar Hansson ◽

Sandra Rutz ◽

Henrik Zetterberg ◽

Ekaterina Bauer ◽

Teresa Hähl ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Alzheimer’S Disease ◽

Alzheimer's Disease ◽

Disease Biomarkers ◽

Analytical Protocol

Mineralogical Characterization and Firing Temperature Delineation on Minoan Pottery, Focusing on the Application of Micro-Raman Spectroscopy

Heritage ◽

10.3390/heritage2030163 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2 (3) ◽

pp. 2652-2664 ◽

Cited By ~ 2

Author(s):

E. Grammatikakis ◽

Kyriakidis ◽

D. Demadis ◽

Cabeza Diaz ◽

Leon-Reina

Keyword(s):

Bronze Age ◽

Firing Temperature ◽

Raw Materials ◽

Morphological Characteristics ◽

Ceramic Technology ◽

Phase Identification ◽

Mineralogical Characterization ◽

Analytical Protocol ◽

Crucial Information ◽

Analytical Tools

Ceramic objects in whole or in fragments usually account for the majority of findings in an archaeological excavation. Thus, through examination of the values these items bear, it is possible to extract important information regarding raw materials provenance and ceramic technology. For this purpose, either traditional examination protocols could be followed, focusing on the macroscopic/morphological characteristics of the ancient object, or more sophisticated physicochemical techniques are employed. Nevertheless, there are cases where, due to the uniqueness and the significance of an object of archaeological value, sampling is impossible. Then, the available analytical tools are extremely limited, especially when molecular information and mineral phase identification is required. In this context, the results acquired from a multiphase clay ceramic dated on Early Neopalatioal period ΜΜΙΙΙΑLMIA (1750 B.C.E.–1490 B.C.E.), from the Minoan Bronze Age site at Philioremos (Crete, Greece) through the application of Raman confocal spectroscopy, a nondestructive/ noninvasive method are reported. The spectroscopic results are confirmed through the application of Xray microdiffraction and scanning electron microscopy coupled with energy dispersive Xray spectrometry. Moreover, it is demonstrated how it is made possible through the application of microRaman (μRaman) spectroscopy to examine and collect crucial information from very small inclusions in the ceramic fabric. The aim of this approach is to develop an analytical protocol based on μRaman spectroscopy, for extracting firing temperature information from other ceramic finds (figurines) where due to their uniqueness sampling and analyses through other techniques is not possible. This information can lead to dating but also to firing kiln technology extrapolations that are very significant in archaeology.

Quantification of human DNA by real-time PCR in forensic casework

International Congress Series ◽

10.1016/j.ics.2005.11.135 ◽

2006 ◽

Vol 1288 ◽

pp. 750-752 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

U. Ricci ◽

C. Marchi ◽

C. Previderè ◽

P. Fattorini

Keyword(s):

Real Time ◽

Real Time Pcr ◽

Forensic Casework ◽

Human Dna

Application of mtDNA sequence analysis in forensic casework for the identification of human remains

Forensic Science International ◽

10.1016/s0379-0738(00)00223-1 ◽

2000 ◽

Vol 113 (1-3) ◽

pp. 103-107 ◽

Cited By ~ 33

Author(s):

Klaus Bender ◽

Peter M. Schneider ◽

Christian Rittner

Keyword(s):

Sequence Analysis ◽

Human Remains ◽

Forensic Casework ◽

Mtdna Sequence

Simulating forensic casework scenarios in experimental studies: The generation of footwear marks in blood

Forensic Science International ◽

10.1016/j.forsciint.2016.03.023 ◽

2016 ◽

Vol 264 ◽

pp. 34-40 ◽

Cited By ~ 6

Author(s):

Rachel L. McElhone ◽

Georgina E. Meakin ◽

James C. French ◽

Tracy Alexander ◽

Ruth M. Morgan

Keyword(s):

Experimental Studies ◽

Forensic Casework

Phase II pharmaceutical metabolites acetaminophen glucuronide and acetaminophen sulfate in wastewater

Environmental Chemistry ◽

10.1071/en09098 ◽

2010 ◽

Vol 7 (1) ◽

pp. 111 ◽

Cited By ~ 5

Author(s):

Manjula Sunkara ◽

Martha J. M. Wells

Keyword(s):

Surface Water ◽

Phase Ii ◽

Pharmaceutical Compounds ◽

Treatment Result ◽

Secondary Treatment ◽

Uv Treatment ◽

Pharmaceutical Agent ◽

Analytical Protocol ◽

Acetaminophen Glucuronide ◽

Phase Ii Metabolites

Environmental context. Excretion of pharmaceuticals and their metabolites by humans and animals, flushing unused pharmaceuticals and inadequate water treatment result in the occurrence of these chemicals as pollutants in wastewater, surface water and drinking water. In this research, the pharmaceutical agent acetaminophen (paracetamol, Tylenol) and its glucuronide and sulfate metabolites were examined as a model system for monitoring wastewater influent and effluent. The true risk to ecosystems and humans from the occurrence of pharmaceuticals in our water supply can only be estimated if accurate concentrations of parent pharmaceutical chemicals as well as their metabolites are measured. Abstract. An analytical method was developed to separately determine acetaminophen and its Phase II metabolites, acetaminophen glucuronide and acetaminophen sulfate, from wastewater in a single extract. The method developed will serve as a model for screening for the presence of other non-steroidal pharmaceutical compounds and their Phase II metabolites in wastewater. Acetaminophen glucuronide was not present in the wastewater influent tested to verify the analytical protocol, whereas concentrations of acetaminophen and acetaminophen sulfate in the influent were reproducible over time. A Phase I metabolite, p-aminophenol, was also determined to occur in the wastewater influent. Concentrations of the analytes-of-interest, detected in effluent samples collected after secondary treatment, but before UV treatment, were highly variable and were undetectable after UV treatment before release to surface water.