Comparative Studies on the Susceptibility of Three Tubers of Dioscorea Species to Dry Rot in Anyigba, Kogi State

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
Adegboyega Adeniji ◽  
Apovughaye Taiga ◽  
M S Ayodele
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Dry Rot ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
White Yam ◽  
Yellow Yam ◽  
Dioscorea Species

Various yam species are cultivated but white yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir.), water yam (Dioscorea alata L.) and yellow yam (Dioscorea cayenensis Lam.) are among the most cultivated in Nigeria. The Susceptibility of three tubers of Dioscorea species (D. rotundata, D. alata and D. cayenensis) to dry rot pathogens was investigated. Isolation was made from rotted tuber tissues, followed by pathogenicity test and identification of isolates; two fungal species Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus stolonifer were isolated and identified as the major fungi causing yam tuber dry rot in the study area. There was significant difference (P<0.05) in the susceptibility of the various Dioscorea tuber species studied to rot caused by Aspergillus niger [D. rotundata (20mm), D. alata (11mm) and D. cayenensis (3.5mm)] and  Rhizopus  stolonifer [ D. rotundata (17.5mm), D. alata (10mm) and D. cayenensis (2mm)]. The phytochemical contents of the three tubers of Dioscorea species examined also varied significantly, with the bioactive substances of D. cayenensis and D. alata relatively higher when compared to D. rotundata. Therefore, this research reveals that three metabolites; Saponin, Flavonoid and Tanin constitute the major trait for resistant ability of D. cayanesis and D. alata to dry rot causing pathogen.  Therefore, it is necessary that the differences in susceptibility be considered when developing yam barns. Also, researchers should work on genetically improving the susceptible white yam (D. rotundata) which is commonly eaten by millions of Nigerians with a possibility of increasing the quantities of the deficient phytochemicals.

scholarly journals FUNGAL DETERIORATION OF LEMON (CITRUS LIMON BURN F.) AND VITAMIN C CONTENT OF INFECTED FRUITS FROM KEFFI, NASARAWA STATE

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (08) ◽  
pp. 761-767
Author(s):  
Patience T.K. ◽  
◽  
Nwachukwu V.C. ◽  
Inchikida B.M. ◽  
Danjuma N. ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Vitamin C ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Causative Organism ◽  
Citrus Limon ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Fruit Samples ◽  
Different Sources ◽  
Fungal Deterioration

This study was carried out in Keffi Metropolis to evaluate fungi associated with the deterioration of lemon (Citrus limonBurn F.) and the vitamin C content of the infected fruits. The lemon fruit samples were obtained from four selected marketing centres in Keffi metropolis. These includes Keffii main market, AngwanLambu, AngwanKaje and Angwan Fulani respectively. Out of 48 samples of lemon fruits examined, 34 had fungal species while 14 had no fungal species. The fungal analysis showed that Aspergillus niger, Rhizopus stoloniferand Penicillium digitatumwere associated with the spoilt lemon fruits (C. limon) with frequencies of occurrence of 61.76%, 17.65% and 20.59% respectively. Some fresh lemon fruits stored at a temperature of 25oC and 30oC showed no sign of decay. The incidence of fungal species in lemon fruits from the different sampling markets include Keffi main market (26.47%), AngwanLambu (20.59%), AngwanKaje (29.41%) and Angwan Fulani (23.53%)respectively. There is no significant difference (P>0.05) between species of fungi isolated from different sources (markets) in Keffi. Pathogenicity test showed that Penicillium digitatumwas not a mere contaminant of lemon fruits but a primarily causative organism (80%) followed by Rhizopus stolonifer(60%) and Aspergillus niger(60%). Vitamins C content of both the infected and uninfected lemon fruits showed that infected fruits gave 31.37mg/100ml of vitamin C while the uninfected fruits gave 32.47mg/100ml vitamin C. Consumption of deteriorated lemon fruits should be discouraged.

scholarly journals Antifungal Activity of Plant Extracts against Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus stolonifer

2014 ◽  
Vol 9 (11) ◽  
pp. 1934578X1400901 ◽  
Author(s):  
Venkatasaichaitanya Surapuram ◽  
William N. Setzer ◽  
Robert L. McFeeters ◽  
Hana McFeeters
Keyword(s):  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Plant Extracts ◽  
Food Supply ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽  
Antifungal Properties ◽  
Recent Advances

Despite recent advances in antifungal development, fungi remain a devastating threat to human health and compromise viability of the food supply. Plant based antimicrobials represent a vast untapped source with tremendous potential. Herein we present the antifungal properties of more than 50 plant extracts against two important human and agricultural pathogens, Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus stolonifer. Multiple extracts exhibit promising MIC values of less than 100 μg/mL and are reported for both fungal species.

scholarly journals Antimicrobial efficacy of cinnamon, ginger, horseradish and nutmeg extracts against spoilage pathogens

2010 ◽  
Vol 90 (2) ◽  
pp. 65-70 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hortense N. Mvuemba ◽  
Sarah E. Green ◽  
Apollinaire Tsopmo ◽  
Tyler J. Avis
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Mycelial Growth ◽  
Fusarium Sambucinum ◽  
Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽  
Ginger Extract ◽  
Dry Rot ◽  
Cinnamon Extract ◽  
Cavity Spot ◽  
Potato Dry Rot

In the search for alternatives to the use of synthetic fungicides, aqueous spice extracts were evaluated for their effects on the mycelial growth of various spoilage pathogens and their ability to control potato dry rot and carrot cavity spot in vivo. Results showed that cinnamon, ginger and nutmeg significantly inhibited the mycelial growth of Aspergillus niger (Ascomycota), Fusarium sambucinum (Ascomycota), Pythium sulcatum (Oomycota) or Rhizopus stolonifer (Zygomycota), whereas horseradish extract did not lead to the inhibition of any microorganism at the tested concentration. Among the most effective extracts, 0.05 g mL‑1 of cinnamon extract completely inhibited A. niger and P. sulcatum, and 0.10 g mL‑1 of cinnamon extract completely inhibited F. sambucinum. A concentration of 0.05 g mL‑1 of ginger extract also caused 100% inhibition of P. sulcatum. In vivo, cinnamon extract significantly reduced lesions of potato dry rot and carrot cavity spot, and ginger extract reduced lesions of carrot cavity spot. These results indicate that aqueous cinnamon and ginger extracts could provide an alternative to the use of synthetic fungicides to control these pathogens.

scholarly journals Isolation and Identification of Soil Mycoflora in the Upland and Lowland Soils of Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, Sokoto State

2018 ◽  
pp. 1-7
Author(s):  
I. Y. Tafinta ◽  
K. Sheh ◽  
H. M. Maishanu ◽  
S. S. Noma ◽  
S. A. Yusif ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Trichoderma Harzianum ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Potato Dextrose Agar ◽  
Morphological Features ◽  
Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽  
Isolation And Identification ◽  
Dilution Plate ◽  
Cotton Blue

A total of 14 different fungal species belonging to 7 genera were isolated from the upland and lowland soils of Usmanu Danfodiyo University, Sokoto, between October to December, 2015. The mycoflora were isolated using dilution plate technique on Potato dextrose agar amended by 1% streptomycin. Identification was made microscopically using the lacto-phenol cotton blue method and macroscopically by comparing the cultural and morphological features with the help of authentic fungal manual and taxonomic key. The identified species are; Aspergillus niger, A. flavus, A. fumigatus, A. nidulans, A. oryzae, Alternaria longifes, Fusarium oxysporum, F. solani, F. mangifera, Rhizopus stolonifer, R. orizae, Saccharomyces cerevisae, Trichoderma harzianum and Trichophytum quallinum. The highest number of fungi (50 isolates) were obtained from lowland uncultivated soils (D), followed by the upland uncultivated soils (B) with about 34 strains, and the least (22 isolates) were obtained from upland cultivated soils (A) out of the total 132 isolates. Variations between sites were statistically analyzed.

scholarly journals Fungi consortia in situ biodegradation of xenobiotic, military shooting range, Kachia, Kaduna, Nigeria

2020 ◽  
Vol 7 (6) ◽  
pp. 246-274
Author(s):  
Ayodele A Otaiku ◽  
AI Alhaji
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metal ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Trametes Versicolor ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
White Rot ◽  
White Rot Fungus ◽  
Rrna Gene ◽  
P450 Monooxygenase ◽  
Significant Difference

A major limitation of the white-rot fungus is its sensitivity during biodegradation of mixed matrix explosive pollutants and the scale of Kachia military shooting since 1967, Nigeria. The amplified 16S rRNA gene of each microbial isolate was processed for sequencing and characterization with Gene Bank database. Fungal species heavy metal reduction in increasing order of Aspergillus niger > Trametes versicolor > Rhizopus spp > Phanorochate chrysoporium > Penicillium spp were identified. The total explosive contents shows a significant difference for all locations in both dry and wet seasons (P<0.05) using Anova test. Microbial fungi consortium (MFC) bioremediate heavy metal significantly at 61.7% relative to isolated fungi species because of the lateral gene transfer/co-metabolism, where Trametes versicolor and Aspergillus niger act as gene mediators. MFC growth in 1% mineral salt medium munitions was significance than fungal species isolate. Deploying Myco Bio-augmentation / Phytoremediation/Biosimulation (Myco B-P-B) techniques to optimize the RDX and HMX characterized by a higher Nitrogen/Carbon ratio since fungi lack the beta-glucuronidase (GUS) gene to utilize carbon source directly. Pollutants bio-stimulation will enhances co-metabolism by MFC. Plant detoxification capabilities can be improved using fungi genes laccases and cytochrome P450 monooxygenase expressed effectively in plants using protoplast fusion

scholarly journals Fungi Causing Post-Harvest Spoilage Carica papaya Linn Fruits of Two Selected Markets in Kano State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 727-731
Author(s):  
B.M. Jahun ◽  
K.J. Ilu ◽  
S.M. Yahaya ◽  
B. Ahmed ◽  
K.D. Salami
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Fungal Isolate ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Fungal Attack ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Market Areas

This study was carried out for four month (September, 2015 to December, 2015) to find the fungal species associated with post-harvest spoilage of pawpaw fruits sales at Na’ibawa and Wudil Markets all in Kano State. A total of five strains of fungi were isolated and identified as Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavuus, Rhizophus stolonifer, Yeast, and Fusarium. Pathogenicity test of each fungal isolate showed that all fungi were capable of causing rotting of the fruit and most severe rotting was caused by Aspergillus niger and Yeast with 8(29.63%) Respectively at Na’ibawa market and 10(34.48%) and 9(31.03%) at Wudil market followed by Rhizophus with 7(25.93%) and 5 (17.25%) while Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium produced the least rotting of the fruit. The difference in the fungal spoilage of Carica papaya between the two market areas Na’ibawa and Wudil markets was statistically significant (p≥0.05). From the result of this study, it is clearly indicated that the spoilage of pawpaw fruits in the two markets was due to fungal attack.

scholarly journals Anthracnose and leaf spot diseases of Aloe vera L. from Bangladesh

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
Anita Rani Shutrodhar ◽  
Shamim Shamsi
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Diseased Leaf ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Nigrospora Oryzae

Characteristic symptoms of anthracnose and leaf spot were recorded from diseased leaf samples of Aloe vera L. A total of 8 fungal species, namely Alternaria pluriseptata (Karst. & Har.) Jorstad, Aspergillus flavus Link, Aspergillus niger Van Tieghem, Cladosporium oxysporum Berk. & Curt., Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Sacc., Nigrospora oryzae (Berk. & Br.) Petch, Penicillium sp. and Pestalotiopsis guepinii (Desm.) Stay. were found to be associated with healthy and diseased leaf samples. In addition to above 8 fungi, Curvularia brachyospora Boedijn, Epicoccum purpurascens Ehrenb. ex Schlecht and Sclerotium sp. were also associated with diseased leaf samples of the plant. The prevalence of the fungi ranged 1.43 - 13.35% on healthy leaves and 1.43 - 62.16% on infected leaves. The frequency of C. gloeosporioides was the maximum and that of Aspergillus and Penicillium was the lowest. Pathogenicity test revealed that C. gloeosporioides causes anthracnose and E. purpurascens and P. guepinii cause leaf spots of A. vera. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 22(2): 103-108, 2013 (July)

scholarly journals Fungi associated with datura metel L.

1970 ◽  
Vol 19 (1) ◽  
pp. 83-89
Author(s):  
Mahfuzar Aktar ◽  
Shamim Shamsi
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Key Words ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
New Records ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽  
Datura Metel ◽  
Pseudocercospora Fuligena ◽  
Colletotrichum Coffeanum ◽  
Penicillium Spp

A total of 20 species of fungi representing 12 genera were found to be associated with Datura metel L. in Bangladesh. The fungi were Alternaria alternata (Fr.) Keissler, Arthrinium saccharicola Stevenson, Aspergillus niger Van Tiegh., A. flavus Link ex Fr,, Cladosporium elatum (Harz) Nannf., C. coffeanum Noack, C. gloeosporioides {Penz.) Sacc., C. graminicola (Ces.) Wilson, Corynespora pruni (Berk. & Curt.) M. B. Ellis, Curvularia fallax Boedijn, C. lunata (Wakker) Boedijn, C. penniseti (Mitra) Boedijn, C. prasadii R.L. & B.L Mathur, Fusarium flocciferum Corda. Sturm's Deutschl, F. nivale (Fr.) Ces., Rabenth. Herb., Nigrospora sphaerica (Sacc.) Mason, Penicillium spp., Pseudocercospora fuligena (Roldan) Deighton, Rhizopus stolonifer (Ehrenb. ex. Fr.) Lind and one sterile unidentified fungal species. The percentage of association of Cladosporium elatum isolated from infected fruits was higher than any other fungi. Arthrinium saccharicola, Colletotrichum coffeanum, Corynespora pruni, Fusarium flocciferum and F. nivale are new records for Bangladesh. Key words: Fungi; Association; Datura metel DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/dujbs.v19i1.8947 DUJBS 2010; 19(1): 83-89

scholarly journals A study of Aerodynamic properties of Yam flour

2021 ◽  
Vol 46 (2) ◽  
pp. 11-18
Author(s):  
Chineze Okeke ◽  
Sylvester Oluka
Keyword(s):  
Terminal Velocity ◽  
Drying Methods ◽  
Pneumatic Conveying ◽  
Aerodynamic Properties ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
White Yam ◽  
Yellow Yam ◽  
Yam Flour ◽  
Purple Yam ◽  
Water Yam

The aerodynamic properties of five varieties of Yam namely: white yam, purple yam, three leaves yam, water yam and yellow yam were investigated under oven drying methods at 33oC. The dried yams were milled to flour and were taken to laboratory to determine their aerodynamic properties with respect to pneumatic conveying of the yam flours. The yam flour varieties recorded terminal velocity range of 1.38 to 1.60 m/s. Drag coefficient of 0.47 and Reynolds number varying from 0.63 to 0.97x10-5 kgm-2 /s. The analysis of variance conducted on the effect of yam varieties on the aerodynamic properties of yam flour did not show significant difference at both 5% and 1% level of probability. The study will guide engineers in design of yam flour pneumatic conveying equipment.

scholarly journals The Effectiveness of Candidate Probiotic Bacteria to Control Vibriosis Disease

2017 ◽  
Vol 5 (2) ◽  
pp. 1
Author(s):  
Mulyati Mulyati ◽  
Suryati Suryati ◽  
Irfani Baga
Keyword(s):  
Survival Rate ◽  
Sea Water ◽  
Challenge Test ◽  
Probiotic Bacteria ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Inhibitory Ability ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Portunid Crab

The study aims to isolate, characterize, and examine probiotic bacteria's inhibitory ability against Vibrio harveyi bacteria, both in-vitro and in vivo. Methods used in the study consist of 1) An Isolation of Candidate Probiotic Bacteria, 2) An Antagonistic Test of Candidate Probiotic Bacteria in vitro, 3) An Identification of Bacteria, 4) A Pathogenicity Test of Candidate Probiotic Bacteria, 5) An Antagonistic Test of Candidate Probiotic Bacteria against V. harveyi in vivo. According to the isolation of candidate probiotic bacteria, there are 18 isolated candidate probiotic. After being tested for its inhibitory ability in vitro, there are 8 isolates with zone of inhibition as follows: isolate MM 7 from intestine (22 mm), isolate MM 6 from intestine (12 mm), isolate MM 10 from sea water (10 mm), isolate MM 5 from intestine (9 mm), isolate MM 4 from intestine (8 mm), isolate MM 3 from intestine (7 mm), isolate MM 2.2 from intestine (7 mm), isolate MM 2.1 from intestine (7 mm). Eight genera of the candidate probiotic bacteria is derived from Portunid crab, they are Staphylococcus, Streptococcus, bacillus, vibrio, Alcaligenes, Lactobacillus, micrococcus. Before proceeding the V. harveyi bacterial challenge test in vivo, three potential isolates consisting of MM6, MM7 and MM10 as the probiotic bacteria are pathogenicity-tested against V. harveyi. The survival rate of Portunid crab on pathogenicity test using MM6, MM7 and MM10 generates 91.11-100%, while the control generates 100% survival rate. Variance analysis result through post-hoc Tukey's Honest Significant Difference (HSD) test at 95% confidence interval indicates that isolate MM7 and MM10 are significantly able to increase hatchling Portunid crab's survival rate.

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