scholarly journals Fungi Causing Post-Harvest Spoilage Carica papaya Linn Fruits of Two Selected Markets in Kano State, Nigeria

2021 ◽  
Vol 25 (5) ◽  
pp. 727-731
Author(s):  
B.M. Jahun ◽  
K.J. Ilu ◽  
S.M. Yahaya ◽  
B. Ahmed ◽  
K.D. Salami
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Carica Papaya ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Fungal Isolate ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Fungal Attack ◽  
The Difference ◽  
Market Areas

This study was carried out for four month (September, 2015 to December, 2015) to find the fungal species associated with post-harvest spoilage of pawpaw fruits sales at Na’ibawa and Wudil Markets all in Kano State. A total of five strains of fungi were isolated and identified as Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavuus, Rhizophus stolonifer, Yeast, and Fusarium. Pathogenicity test of each fungal isolate showed that all fungi were capable of causing rotting of the fruit and most severe rotting was caused by Aspergillus niger and Yeast with 8(29.63%) Respectively at Na’ibawa market and 10(34.48%) and 9(31.03%) at Wudil market followed by Rhizophus with 7(25.93%) and 5 (17.25%) while Aspergillus flavus and Fusarium produced the least rotting of the fruit. The difference in the fungal spoilage of Carica papaya between the two market areas Na’ibawa and Wudil markets was statistically significant (p≥0.05). From the result of this study, it is clearly indicated that the spoilage of pawpaw fruits in the two markets was due to fungal attack.

scholarly journals Anthracnose and leaf spot diseases of Aloe vera L. from Bangladesh

2013 ◽  
Vol 22 (2) ◽  
pp. 103-108
Author(s):  
Anita Rani Shutrodhar ◽  
Shamim Shamsi
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Leaf Spot ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Aloe Vera ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Diseased Leaf ◽  
Leaf Spots ◽  
Nigrospora Oryzae

Characteristic symptoms of anthracnose and leaf spot were recorded from diseased leaf samples of Aloe vera L. A total of 8 fungal species, namely Alternaria pluriseptata (Karst. & Har.) Jorstad, Aspergillus flavus Link, Aspergillus niger Van Tieghem, Cladosporium oxysporum Berk. & Curt., Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (Penz.) Sacc., Nigrospora oryzae (Berk. & Br.) Petch, Penicillium sp. and Pestalotiopsis guepinii (Desm.) Stay. were found to be associated with healthy and diseased leaf samples. In addition to above 8 fungi, Curvularia brachyospora Boedijn, Epicoccum purpurascens Ehrenb. ex Schlecht and Sclerotium sp. were also associated with diseased leaf samples of the plant. The prevalence of the fungi ranged 1.43 - 13.35% on healthy leaves and 1.43 - 62.16% on infected leaves. The frequency of C. gloeosporioides was the maximum and that of Aspergillus and Penicillium was the lowest. Pathogenicity test revealed that C. gloeosporioides causes anthracnose and E. purpurascens and P. guepinii cause leaf spots of A. vera. Dhaka Univ. J. Biol. Sci. 22(2): 103-108, 2013 (July)

scholarly journals BIBLICAL CHRISTIAN WORLDVIEW ON POST-HARVEST PATHOGENIC FUNGI IN THE TRADITIONAL MARKET CORN SEEDS

2021 ◽  
Vol 5 (1) ◽  
pp. 86
Author(s):  
Grace Purnamasari Christian ◽  
Wahyu Irawati
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Complex Structure ◽  
Toxic Substance ◽  
Pathogenic Fungi ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
The Bible ◽  
Aspergillus Sp ◽  
In The Beginning ◽  
And Function

<p>The post-harvest fungi is one of the greatest cause of various diseases. Particularly, in fungus that infects seeds, the toxic substance called aflatoxin is found. This has caused us to wonder: Has fungi been pathogenic fungi since the beginning of creation? The purpose of this research is to study: 1) The Place of Fungi in God’s Original Creation and the Origin of Pathogenic Fungi, 2) Characterization of post-harvest fungus on corn seeds, 3) Aspergillus sp.’s Structure as Proof of God’s Wonderful Original Creation and Providence, and 4) The factors that contribute to the growth of fungi in post-harvest corn seeds and our responsibility. We conclude that in the beginning, fungi were a part of God’s originally good and perfect creation. These fungi were created by God with the structure and function to support its operation in fulfilling God’s creative purpose. The complex structure of Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus flavus that infected the corn seeds showed God’s providence after the Fall. Pathogenic fungi were the result of the Fall of man into sin. Their growth is caused by the failure to give proper care to the crops. But this should not discourage us since the Bible tells us that God is continually working to restore His creation. Therefore, we are called to be stewards of His creation, to develop and preserve whatever is entrusted in our hands, including the crops for God’s glory and under His authority until He has fully renewed and restored everything.</p><p><strong>BAHASA INDONESIA ABSTRACT:</strong> Jamur pasca panen merupakan salah satu penyebab terbesar timbulnya berbagai penyakit, khususnya disebabkan oleh jamur yang menginfeksi biji-bijian dan menghasilkan substansi beracun disebut dengan aflatoksin. Keadaan ini menimbulkan pertanyaan apakah jamur patogenik ada sejak awal penciptaan? Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mempelajari: 1) Posisi jamur patogenik di awal penciptaan dan asal mula jamur patogenik, 2) karakteristik jamur pasca panen pada biji jagung, 3) struktur <em>Aspergillus</em> sp sebagai bukti dari providensi Allah akan ciptaanNya yang sangat luar biasa, 4) faktor-faktor yang berkontribusi terhadap pertumbuhan jamur pasca panen biji jagung dan Tanggung jawab kita. Dari hasil penelitian ini disimpulkan bahwa pada mulanya, jamur merupakan bagian ciptaan Allah yang sungguh amat baik dan sempurna. Struktur yang kompleks dari <em>Aspergillus niger</em> dan <em>Aspergillus flavus </em>yang menginfeksi biji jagung menunjukkan providensi Allah setelah kejatuhan dosa. Pertumbuhan jamur patogenik merupakan gambaran kejatuhan manusia ke dalam dosa yaitu kegagalan manusia untuk memberikan pemeliharaan yang memadahi pada biji-bijian pasca panen. Namun demikian, keadaan ini tidak mematahkan semangat kita karena Alkitab mengatakan bahwa Allah masih terus bekerja untuk memulihkan ciptaanNya. Oleh karena itu, diharapkan kita semua menjadi pelayan atas ciptaanNya untuk mengembangkan dan menjaga apa yang dipercayakan kepada kita di bawah otoritasNya termasuk biji-bijian untuk memuliakan Allah hingga Dia secara penuh memperbaharui dan memulihkan segala sesuatu</p>

scholarly journals PRESENTATION PATTERN AND FUNGAL AGENTS SPECTRUM CAUSING OTOMMYCOSIS

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 408
Author(s):  
Kassim Dekhil
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Influencing Factors ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Species Distribution ◽  
Alternaria Alternata ◽  
Otitis Externa ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
The Public

 Objective: This study was aimed to identify the public pattern of presentation, influencing factors, and sort the fungal species, distribution of sex of patients with otomycosis.Results: The predominant complaints were pruritus and found in 76 patients (88.73%), discomfort and pain found in 62 patients (72.09%), aural fullness in 48 patients (55.81%), tinnitus in 34 patients (39.53%), hearing impairment in 50 cases (58.31%), ear discharge in 22 patients (25.58%), and most of the symptoms seen in 36 patients (68.14%). The results showed a total of eight fungal species belong to six different genera, namely, Aspergillus, Candida, Penicillium, Rhizopus, Alternaria, and Cephalosporium were isolated during this study. Among identified fungi, Aspergillus niger was found to be the most prevalent fungal species with 35.71% followed by Candida albicans (27.55%), Aspergillus flavus (10.20%), Aspergillus fumigatus (8.16), Penicillium digitatum (6.12%) and Cephalosporium species (4.08%), and Rhizopus species (5.1%), while Alternaria alternata had the lowest percentage (6.54%).Conclusion: Otomycosis/mycotic otitis externa is still a common problem and there is a rise in the occurrence of otomycosis in latest years, especially in tropical and subtropical humid climates.

scholarly journals Fungal Diversity in Droppings of Spot- Billed Pelican, Pelecanus philippensis

2021 ◽  
Vol 7 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Kavitha N ◽  
Zehra Amtuz
Keyword(s):  
Public Health ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Health Risk ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigatus ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Fungal Diversity ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Public Health Risk

Birds are potential vectors of some diseases as their droppings pose public health risk and cause illness. Dust containing dry faeces after inhaling can infects humans. The prevalence of fungi from the faeces of birds in wetlands has not been previously determined. Hence, the present study was carried out to isolate and identify different fungal species present in the droppings of spot-billed pelican, Pelecanus philippensis. Among the fungal species identified Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger and Aspergillus fumigatus were found to be dominating.

Anti-Fungal Activity of Cressa cretica, Leptadenia pyrotechnica and Pulicaria crispa, indigenous plants of Cholistan desert, Pakistan

2020 ◽  
Vol 18 ◽  
Author(s):  
Faheem Hadi ◽  
Tahir Maqbool ◽  
Sameera Khurshid ◽  
Aisha Nawaz ◽  
Saira Aftab ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Candida Albicans ◽  
Antifungal Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Fungal Infections ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Fungal Activity ◽  
Aspergillus Ustus ◽  
Mother Tincture ◽  
Anti Fungal

Background: Fungal infections have always remain a problem and they are getting worse with passage of each year due to their resistance against available antibiotics. Natural ways of treatment with homoeopathic medicines made of mother tinctures of plants have no reported side effects and have been proved effective against many bacterial and fungal infections. Materials & Methods: Preparation of mother tinctures of plants Cressa cretica, Leptadenia pyrotechnica and Pulicaria crispa was done and used to evaluate the anti-fungal potential of these plants against potentially pathogenic fungal species like Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus ustus and Candida albicans by agar disc diffusion method. Each tincture was evaluated at 0.25 ml, 0.5 ml and 1 ml volume per disc and zone of inhibition was measured in millimetres and compared with commercial drug Fluconazole (2 mg/ml) which was used as standard. Results: The results showed that satisfactory anti-fungal activity of these plants in comparison to standard drug Fluconazole. The ratio of antifungal activity of Cressa cretica measured as the zone of growth inhibition of these cultures against Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus ustus and Candida albicans was 24 mm / 27 mm, 30mm / 28 mm, 23 mm/ 30 mm and 32 mm/ 30 mm respectively. In the case of Leptadenia pyrotechnica, the mother tincture’s antifungal activity was 32 mm / 27 mm, 30 mm / 28 mm, 17 mm/ 30 mm and 24 mm/ 30 mm. In case of our third plant Pulicaria crispa, antifungal activity came out to be 23 mm/ 27 mm, 26 mm/ 28 mm, 26 mm / 30 mm and 24 mm/ 30 mm. Conclusion: Our study proved that mother tincture of these plants can be a potential new therapy to treat fungal infections and has the potential to rule out fungal problems. Further research using mother tincture of these plants against other fungal species has the potential to prove them a safer and widespread anti-fungal homoeopathic medicine.

scholarly journals Fungal Organisms Associated with Post-harvest Rot of Frafra Potatoes [Solenostemon rotundifolius (Poir.)] in Bongo-Soe, Upper East Region, Ghana

2019 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
S. Apuri ◽  
C. Kwoseh ◽  
E. A. Seweh ◽  
I. O. Tutu
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Curvularia Lunata ◽  
Pathology Laboratory ◽  
Post Harvest ◽  
Penicillium Sp ◽  
East Region ◽  
Upper East Region ◽  
Percentage Incidence

Aims: The study aims to identifying the microorganisms associated with post-harvest rot of frafra potatoes in Bongo-soe, Upper east region of Ghana. Place and Duration of Study: Department of Horticulture and the Pathology laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology (KNUST), Kumasi, Ghana. The Solenostemon rotundifolius tubers were stored at the Horticulture Department laboratory whiles rot identification was carried out at the Pathology laboratory of the Faculty of Agriculture. The Tubers were stored from 2nd November, 2012 to 22nd March 2013. Methodology: Four hundred (400) tubers of black cultivar and four hundred (400) tubers of a brown cultivar of Solenostemon rotundifolius tubers showing visible signs of rot during the storage were collected. Pieces of diseased tissues from the margin of the necrotic collected and immersed in 10% commercial bleach solution for sterilisation, for one minute. These were then blotted dry and plated on Potato Dextrose Agar PDA. The plates were sealed with a cellotape until growth occurred. Results: The microorganisms identified to be responsible for causing rot in Solenostemon rotundifolius tubers were six in number. Colletotrichum gloeosporioides was identified to be responsible for 30.76% of rots observed, followed by Aspergillus niger, 23.07%, Curvularia lunata, 19.23%, Aspergillus flavus, 11.54%, Trichoderma sp and Penicillium sp both recorded 7.70% of rots observed. The percentage incidence of Aspergillus niger (15.38%), Curvularia lunata (11.54%) and Aspergillus flavus (7.69%) was higher in the black cultivar as compared with the brown cultivar which had percentage incidence of 7.69%, 7.69% and 3.85% respectively. Also, the percentage incidence of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (15.38%) and Penicillium sp (3.85%) was the same in both the black and brown cultivars of Solenostemon rotundifolius tubers used in this study. Conclusion: The activities of the damaging microorganisms can be reduced by controlling mechanical injury during harvesting, transportation and storage of Solenostemon rotundifolius tubers should be prevented or reduced because they pave the way for tuber infection by the rot causing microorganisms.

scholarly journals An investigation into the microbial infestation of poultry feeds

2016 ◽  
Vol 13 (1) ◽  
pp. 79-86
Author(s):  
MM Rahman ◽  
MS Islam ◽  
MZ Alam ◽  
M Ashrafuzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Moisture Content ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Fusarium Spp ◽  
Fungal Population ◽  
Fungal Flora ◽  
Poultry Feeds ◽  
Penicillium Spp ◽  
Feed Samples

The Experiments were carried out during the period of July 2001 to December 2002. Infestation of poultry feeds by fungi and aflatoxins content in feeds were determined. Ten feed samples were collected from ten different farms located in three different areas of Bangladesh. Five different fungal species belonging four genera were detected which were Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus niger, Fusarium spp, Rhizopus stolonifer and Penicillium spp. Among them Aspergillus flavus and Aspergillus niger were found in all the feed samples and the rest were occasionally found. Effect of storage and moisture content of feeds were studied for determining the influence on occurrence of fungal flora in feeds. Higher the storing period of feed along with higher moisture content resulted superior incidences of fungal population in stored feeds. Studied on storage practice with 4 duration of F1 sample revealed that the presence of aflatoxins were 30.52ppb, 33.36ppb, 37.32ppb and 48.35ppb of 5, 10, 15 and 20 days after production of feeds, respectively.J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 13(1): 79-86, June 2015

scholarly journals Biosorption of Cadmium by fungi isolated from Bharalu river, Assam

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (3) ◽  
pp. 279-284
Author(s):  
Dipannita Deka ◽  
◽  
Pinky Bora ◽  
Nameirakpam Nirjanta Devi ◽  
Mayuri Chabukdhara ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Heavy Metals ◽  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Fungal Biomass ◽  
Colletotrichum Gloeosporioides ◽  
Pcr Amplification ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Metal Biosorption ◽  
Aspergillus Fumigates ◽  
Maximum Tolerance

Heavy metal pollution in the aquatic ecosystem poses a serious threat to the human health and aquatic biodiversity around. There is urgent need to remediate heavy metals contaminated wastewater through eco friendly ways. Fungi and other microorganisms have been reported to have promising potential to remove heavy metals from wastewater through biosorption. Thus the present work aimed to isolate tolerant fungal species from different sites of a polluted river Bharalu in Assam. After preliminary screening, out of a total of 15 fungal isolates obtained, 4 isolates Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Aspergillus fumigates and Colletotrichum gloeosporioides were selected for further study. Tolerance limit of the isolates for Cadmium (Cd) was carried out at concentrations ranging from 100 ppm to 1000 ppm. Results showed that the maximum tolerance was observed in Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (approx. 8.8 mm), followed by Aspergillus flavus (approx. 5.8 mm) at 400ppm. The biosorption efficiency at 400ppm revealed that the maximum Cd concentration was absorbed by fungal biomass of Colletotrichum gloeosporioides (12.83 mg/g) and the minimum by Aspergillus niger (3.91 mg/g). Molecular identification was carried out followed by PCR amplification of the fungal biomass showing highest absorption. The sequence obtained was submitted in the GenBank using BANkIt with accession number-MN714368 which showed high similarities with Colletotrichum gloeosporioides. This results indicated that fungus are promising and potential sources for metal biosorption and detoxification.

scholarly journals Fungi causing rots in onions at storage and market

1970 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 245-251 ◽  
Author(s):  
MAM Ara ◽  
ML Khatun ◽  
M Ashrafuzzaman
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Fusarium Oxysporum ◽  
Aspergillus Flavus ◽  
Fusarium Moniliforme ◽  
Room Temperature ◽  
Storage Period ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Disease Development ◽  
Duration Of Storage ◽  
Penicillium Spp

Five varieties of diseased onion samples, four local (Taherpuri, Faridpuri, Kalashnagari, and Zitka) and one Indian (Pusa Red) were collected from different markets of Mymensingh, to isolate and identify the associated fungi. Five different fungal species belonging to three genera were repeatedly isolated. Healthy looking and diseased onions were kept at room temperature. The population of associated fungi increased proportionately with the duration of storage period. The isolated fungi were Aspergillus niger, Aspergillus flavus, Penicillium spp., Fusarium oxysporum and Fusarium moniliforme. Healthy onion bulbs were inoculated (with injury and without injury) with these fungi. Individual fungi produced distinguishable symptom of disease in incubation chamber at 22-23°C temperature. After 30 days of inoculation, bulbs showed comparatively low amount of disease development than those at 60 and 90 days. Maximum disease development was found in the variety Pusa Red (with injury) and it was minimum in Zitka variety (without injury). Keywords: Fungi; Onion; Disease development DOI: 10.3329/jbau.v6i2.4818 J. Bangladesh Agril. Univ. 6(2): 245-251, 2008

Comparative Studies on the Susceptibility of Three Tubers of Dioscorea Species to Dry Rot in Anyigba, Kogi State

2019 ◽  
Vol 8 (1) ◽  
pp. 70-74
Author(s):  
Adegboyega Adeniji ◽  
Apovughaye Taiga ◽  
M S Ayodele
Keyword(s):  
Aspergillus Niger ◽  
Fungal Species ◽  
Pathogenicity Test ◽  
Rhizopus Stolonifer ◽  
Bioactive Substances ◽  
Dry Rot ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
White Yam ◽  
Yellow Yam ◽  
Dioscorea Species

Various yam species are cultivated but white yam (Dioscorea rotundata Poir.), water yam (Dioscorea alata L.) and yellow yam (Dioscorea cayenensis Lam.) are among the most cultivated in Nigeria. The Susceptibility of three tubers of Dioscorea species (D. rotundata, D. alata and D. cayenensis) to dry rot pathogens was investigated. Isolation was made from rotted tuber tissues, followed by pathogenicity test and identification of isolates; two fungal species Aspergillus niger and Rhizopus stolonifer were isolated and identified as the major fungi causing yam tuber dry rot in the study area. There was significant difference (P<0.05) in the susceptibility of the various Dioscorea tuber species studied to rot caused by Aspergillus niger [D. rotundata (20mm), D. alata (11mm) and D. cayenensis (3.5mm)] and  Rhizopus  stolonifer [ D. rotundata (17.5mm), D. alata (10mm) and D. cayenensis (2mm)]. The phytochemical contents of the three tubers of Dioscorea species examined also varied significantly, with the bioactive substances of D. cayenensis and D. alata relatively higher when compared to D. rotundata. Therefore, this research reveals that three metabolites; Saponin, Flavonoid and Tanin constitute the major trait for resistant ability of D. cayanesis and D. alata to dry rot causing pathogen.  Therefore, it is necessary that the differences in susceptibility be considered when developing yam barns. Also, researchers should work on genetically improving the susceptible white yam (D. rotundata) which is commonly eaten by millions of Nigerians with a possibility of increasing the quantities of the deficient phytochemicals.

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