scholarly journals Potential of Driver Physiological Measures for Assessing Non-Urban Highway Geometry

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Anitha Jacob ◽  
Jisha Akkara ◽  
Jinesh K. J ◽  
Jose P. Therattil
Keyword(s):  
Mental Workload ◽  
Skin Resistance ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Horizontal Curves ◽  
System A ◽  
Curve Length ◽  
Sight Distance ◽  
Geometric Variables ◽  
The Relationship

Life is a complex phenomenon, mostly controlled by sympathetic and parasympathetic systems. And it is quite dynamic in response to numerous stimulations getting from a system called, human-vehicle-environmental ensemble. Geometry is one of the fundamental stimulus for a driver driving on a highway. His/her mental workload will be based on the input he/she gets from the above system. A system that provides an optimum workload will be the most efficient one. This study explored the capability of different physiological measures to assess the quality of geometric design of non-urban highways. Heart rate, galvanic skin resistance and rate of eye blinking and their variance from base condition were the candidate measures under consideration. Radius of curve, length of curve, length of tangent section, superelevation at curves, degree of curvature, deflection angle and minimum available sight distance at curves were the geometric variables considered. The study included driving experiments done on 114 horizontal curves of gradient less than 2 percentage, each curve being driven over by 30 car drivers. The subjects were equipped with sensors for collecting physiological measures and continuous logging of the data along with geometric coordinates made the database for study. The study revealed the relationship between significant geometric variables and workload measures. The study will be a contribution in the field of road safety auditing, planning and designing of non-urban highways.

Calibrating Design Guidelines using Mental Workload and Reliability Analysis

2020 ◽  
Vol 2674 (8) ◽  
pp. 360-369
Author(s):  
Karim Habib ◽  
Maged Gouda ◽  
Karim El-Basyouny
Keyword(s):  
Human Factors ◽  
Reliability Analysis ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Design Guidelines ◽  
Horizontal Curves ◽  
Road Design ◽  
Sight Distance ◽  
Stopping Sight Distance ◽  
The Many ◽  
Time Required

The generic nature of road design is indiscriminate to age, race, or gender, as it is implicitly assumed that there are few behavioral differences between drivers while traversing various alignment elements (e.g., horizontal curves, tangential segments, etc.). For instance, the perception reaction time required, which is based on an 85th percentile value, on a tangent section is the same as that on a horizontal curve. This suggests that current guidelines do not consider the complexity that some geometric features might induce on drivers, and consequently, there is a need to address the many considerations of diversity. In this respect, human factors should be explicitly included in design guidelines. One aspect of human factors that has received little attention in the literature is related to the mental workload. In this study, a procedure is presented to estimate the mental workload for stopping sight distance. Then, reliability analysis is conducted to compare the change in the probability of non-compliance owing to the available sight distance and based on the mental workload. By analyzing data from 12 horizontal curves in Alberta, Canada, the probability of non-compliance dropped from 9.1% to 0.7%, and a moderate correlation with collisions was found. The results of the analysis showed that incorporating mental workload into the geometric design process can improve safety performance.

Road Curve Speed Control Engineering Study

2011 ◽  
Vol 66-68 ◽  
pp. 793-797
Author(s):  
Xing Wang Liu
Keyword(s):  
Safety Issue ◽  
Control Engineering ◽  
Significant Safety ◽  
Horizontal Curves ◽  
Sight Distance ◽  
Engineering Study ◽  
Road Width ◽  
Speed Selection ◽  
Using Data ◽  
The Relationship

Horizontal curves have been recognised as a significant safety issue for many years, a more important factor than road width, vertical clearance or sight distance. This study investigates the issue of speed selection through curves from several different perspectives. The relationship between safety and curve speed in SiChuan provinces was analysed using data from the local crash database. A sample of curves was selected and surveyed. Following this, acurve treatments for controlling Curve speed for different vehicles was developed based on many factors that has influence on safey.

Physiological Correlates of Behavioral Performance on the Mathematical Processing Subtest of the Cts Battery

1987 ◽  
Vol 31 (7) ◽  
pp. 770-773 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert L. Yolton ◽  
Glenn Wilson ◽  
Iris Davis ◽  
Kathy McClosky
Keyword(s):  
Mental Workload ◽  
Reaction Times ◽  
Heart Rhythm ◽  
Event Related Potential ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Late Positive Component ◽  
Systematic Relationships ◽  
Mathematical Processing ◽  
Peripheral Temperature ◽  
The Relationship

To assess the relationship between behavioral, subjective and physiological measures of mental workload, 10 adult subjects solved equations with 1,2 or 3 plus or minus operators (the Math Processing subtest of the CTS battery). Following extensive training, individual test sessions were held during which reaction times, subject workload ratings and a set of physiological measures were recorded. Reaction times and subjective workload ratings increased with the number of operators in the equations, but heart rhythm, eye blinks and peripheral temperature showed no systematic relationships to the number of operators. The P-300 event related potential decreased in amplitude and latency and a late positive component recorded at Cz decreased in amplitude and increased in latency as the number of operators in the equations was increased.

scholarly journals Designing a Budgeting Model in Crisis Management: Case Study of Power Generation Plants

2020 ◽  
Vol 8 (16) ◽  
pp. 450-473
Author(s):  
Shohrehosadat Karimi Jahromi ◽  
Mohammad Sharif Malekzadeh ◽  
Abbas Abbas Saleh Ardestani
Keyword(s):  
Power Generation ◽  
Crisis Management ◽  
Power Plants ◽  
Statistical Population ◽  
System A ◽  
Fitness Value ◽  
Management Case Study ◽  
The Relationship

Important decision makings are always the imperatives of the crisis in the first moments, which, whatever the speed of decision-making by crisis management is greater, the speed of crisis control is greater. Since each organization is subject to various crises and power plants are no exception to this rule, to this end, the purpose of this study is to design a budgeting model for crisis management in a case study of power generation plants. In this research, we examine the relationship between crisis management steps and Planning, Programming and Budgeting System. A statistical population of this study is 60 managers of the power generation plants. The relationships between variables were tested using Smart-PLS software. The results of the model test showed that there is a significant relationship between budgeting dimensions and crisis management.The model fitness value is also numerically equal to 0.638, which is a strong index and indicates the overall high quality of the model.

scholarly journals A Systematic Review for Cognitive State-Based QoE/UX Evaluation

Sensors ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 21 (10) ◽  
pp. 3439
Author(s):  
Edgar Bañuelos-Lozoya ◽  
Gabriel González-Serna ◽  
Nimrod González-Franco ◽  
Olivia Fragoso-Diaz ◽  
Noé Castro-Sánchez
Keyword(s):  
Systematic Review ◽  
User Experience ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Cognitive State ◽  
Sources Of Information ◽  
Cognitive States ◽  
Starting Point ◽  
The Relationship

Traditional evaluation of user experience is subjective by nature, for what is sought is to use data from physiological and behavioral sensors to interpret the relationship that the user’s cognitive states have with the elements of a graphical interface and interaction mechanisms. This study presents the systematic review that was developed to determine the cognitive states that are being investigated in the context of Quality of Experience (QoE)/User Experience (UX) evaluation, as well as the signals and characteristics obtained, machine learning models used, evaluation architectures proposed, and the results achieved. Twenty-nine papers published in 2014–2019 were selected from eight online sources of information, of which 24% were related to the classification of cognitive states, 17% described evaluation architectures, and 41% presented correlations between different signals, cognitive states, and QoE/UX metrics, among others. The amount of identified studies was low in comparison with cognitive state research in other contexts, such as driving or other critical activities; however, this provides a starting point to analyze and interpret states such as mental workload, confusion, and mental stress from various human signals and propose more robust QoE/UX evaluation architectures.

scholarly journals A System to Determine Advisory Speed Limits for Horizontal Curves based on Mental Workload and Available Sight Distance

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Karim Habib ◽  
Mostafa H Tawfeek ◽  
Karim El-Basyouny
Keyword(s):  
Reaction Time ◽  
Mental Workload ◽  
Remote Sensing Data ◽  
Horizontal Curve ◽  
Speed Limits ◽  
Safe Driving ◽  
Horizontal Curves ◽  
Sight Distance ◽  
Unique Approach ◽  
Advisory Speed

This study proposes a framework that accounts for mental workload and available sight distances to estimate advisory speed limits on horizontal curves. To achieve this goal, automated scripts were used to extract data on horizontal curve elements (i.e., the degree of curvature and the deflection angle), to detect crest vertical curves, and to compute the available sight distance from remote sensing data collected on highways in Alberta, Canada. Mental workload ratings were then assigned to each horizontal curve to calculate the perception-reaction time needed by drivers to maintain control of their vehicles while negotiating these curves. Finally, a curve advisory speed was calculated based on the available sight distance and the mental workload perception-reaction time needed to ensure a safe driving environment. This study presents a unique approach that incorporates human factors, including the responses of drivers based on their perception of the driving environment, in the development of speed advisory systems.

The Relationship Between Interoception and Metacognition

2016 ◽  
Vol 30 (2) ◽  
pp. 76-86 ◽  
Author(s):  
Judith Meessen ◽  
Verena Mainz ◽  
Siegfried Gauggel ◽  
Eftychia Volz-Sidiropoulou ◽  
Stefan Sütterlin ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Memory Performance ◽  
Memory Task ◽  
Demographic Characteristics ◽  
Metacognitive Awareness ◽  
Interoceptive Awareness ◽  
Future Research ◽  
Heartbeat Perception ◽  
Interoceptive Accuracy ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. Recently, Garfinkel and Critchley (2013) proposed to distinguish between three facets of interoception: interoceptive sensibility, interoceptive accuracy, and interoceptive awareness. This pilot study investigated how these facets interrelate to each other and whether interoceptive awareness is related to the metacognitive awareness of memory performance. A sample of 24 healthy students completed a heartbeat perception task (HPT) and a memory task. Judgments of confidence were requested for each task. Participants filled in questionnaires assessing interoceptive sensibility, depression, anxiety, and socio-demographic characteristics. The three facets of interoception were found to be uncorrelated and interoceptive awareness was not related to metacognitive awareness of memory performance. Whereas memory performance was significantly related to metamemory awareness, interoceptive accuracy (HPT) and interoceptive awareness were not correlated. Results suggest that future research on interoception should assess all facets of interoception in order to capture the multifaceted quality of the construct.

The Effects of Visual Displays in Attenuating Discrepancies Between Self-Reported and Physiological Indexes of Stress

2020 ◽  
pp. 1-5
Author(s):  
Jenny J. W. Liu ◽  
Julia Gervasio ◽  
Kenneth Fung ◽  
Kristin Vickers
Keyword(s):  
Social Stress ◽  
Visual Display ◽  
Physiological Measures ◽  
Response Strategies ◽  
Subjective Evaluations ◽  
Stress Task ◽  
Physiological Indexes ◽  
Physiological Outcomes ◽  
Physiological Markers ◽  
The Relationship

Abstract. This study examined whether the relationship between subjective and physiological outcomes of stress, and the responsivity to stressors, are affected by whether participants can see a visual display of their physiological output. Participants were randomly assigned to have a visible view of their physiological output readings, or to a condition in which physiological output readings were out of view. Participants individually completed a 30-min laboratory study including the modified Trier Social Stress Task. Both physiological markers of stress (heart rate and blood pressure) and subjective evaluations of stress (visual analog scale) were measured. Results found little congruency across subjective and physiological measures of stress. The visible visual display condition had elevated physiological arousal, while no group differences were observed in self-reported stress. Findings from the study provide insight into the use of visual physiological displays and hold practical implications for both the measurement of stress in research, and the development of wearable technologies without accompanying response strategies.

The relationship between optimism, personal control and quality of life of patients with COPD

2002 ◽  
Author(s):  
R. Arnold ◽  
A. V. Ranchor ◽  
N. H. T. ten Hacken ◽  
G. H. Koeter ◽  
V. Otten ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Quality Of Life ◽  
Personal Control ◽  
The Relationship

Using the alveograph in developing requirements for the quality of flour for wafer sheet production

2020 ◽  
Vol 29 (12) ◽  
pp. 52-58
Author(s):  
E.P. Meleshkina ◽  
◽  
S.N. Kolomiets ◽  
A.S. Cheskidova ◽  
◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Rheological Properties ◽  
Quality Indicators ◽  
Wheat Flour ◽  
Mathematical Statistics ◽  
Intended Purpose ◽  
The Future ◽  
Relationship Of ◽  
The Relationship

Objectively and reliably determined indicators of rheological properties of the dough were identified using the alveograph device to create a system of classifications of wheat and flour from it for the intended purpose in the future. The analysis of the relationship of standardized quality indicators, as well as newly developed indicators for identifying them, differentiating the quality of wheat flour for the intended purpose, i.e. for finished products. To do this, we use mathematical statistics methods.

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