scholarly journals Temperature variations within a multi-layered skin tissue exposed to the 5G mobile communications frequency radiation

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jagbir Kaur ◽  
Suyeb Ahmed Khan
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Phone ◽  
Mobile Communication ◽  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Core Body Temperature ◽  
Subcutaneous Fat ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Skin Tissue ◽  
60 Ghz ◽  
5G Mobile Communication

The 5G mobile communication systems are the “next generation” communication systems. They are capable of providing numerous benefits to the mobile phone users. But, whether they are safe to use is still a topic of concern. This study investigates the thermal safety of 5G mobile phone frequency. A three dimensional multi-layered skin tissue is exposed to 60 GHz frequency from a mobile patch antenna. The simulation software COMSOL Multiphysics is employed to map the electric field distribution and the temperature distribution within the exposed domain. The peak temperature (37.36°C) is estimated in the subcutaneous fat layer of the skin tissue. The temperature peak is very short lived and the steady state temperature is same as the core body temperature. The results suggest that the temperature rise caused by the 5G mobile phone radiation exposure is not capable of causing the thermal burns in the exposed tissue. Therefore, the 5G mobile communication frequency of 60 GHz can be considered “thermally” safe.

scholarly journals Propagation Model in Indoor and Outdoor for the LTE Communications

2019 ◽  
Vol 2019 ◽  
pp. 1-6 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sun-Kuk Noh ◽  
DongYou Choi
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Communication ◽  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Large Scale ◽  
Propagation Model ◽  
Time Rate ◽  
Propagation Models ◽  
5G Mobile Communication ◽  
Time Changes ◽  
Indoor And Outdoor

Rapidly rising demand for radio communication and the explosion in the number of mobile communications service subscribers have led to the need for optimization in the development of fifth-generation (5G) mobile communication systems. Previous studies on the development of propagation models considering a propagation environment in the existing microwave band have been mainly focused on analyzing the propagation characteristics with regard to large-scale factors such as path losses, delay propagation, and angle diffusions. In this paper, we investigated the concept of spatial and time changes ratios in the measurement of wave propagations and measured RSRP of Long Term Evolution (LTE) signals at three locations considering the time rate of 1% and 50%. We confirmed the concept of spatial and time changes rate based on the results of analyzing the signal data measured and proposed the propagation models 1 and 2 in microcell downtown. The forecast results using proposed models 1 and 2 were better than the COST231 model in both indoor and outdoor measured places. It was predicted between a time rate of 1% and 50% indoor within 400m and outdoor within 200m. In the future, we will study the propagation model of 5G mobile communication as well as the current 4G communication using artificial intelligence technology.

Train-mounted Broadband Monopole Antenna for 5G Communication

2021 ◽  
Vol 36 (7) ◽  
pp. 879-884
Author(s):  
Hao Li ◽  
Lu Xu ◽  
Feng Qian ◽  
Yong Zhou
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Communication ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
High Speed ◽  
High Gain ◽  
Monopole Antenna ◽  
Mobile Terminals ◽  
High Speed Railway ◽  
Public Transport System ◽  
Fifth Generation ◽  
5G Mobile Communication

As a convenient and efficient public transport system, high speed railway (HSR) was rapidly deployed in China. Since the fifth generation (5G) mobile communication system is commercially applied, it is necessary for mobile terminals antennas to cover multiple operating bands to be compatible with various communication systems. Here a HSR-mounted broadband and high-gain monopole antenna is proposed. By using the meander technology and introducing the tapered structure, the proposed antenna operates over a bandwidth of 694-960 MHz and 1350-5975 MHz (VSWR<1.8), which covers both 2G-5G mobile communication and WiFi frequency bands. The dimensions of the proposed antenna are 400 mm × 330 mm × 78 mm. The measured average gain is 6.11 dBi over the entire bandwidth.

Reconfigurable software defined radio in 5g mobile communication systems [Guest editorial]

2015 ◽  
Vol 22 (6) ◽  
pp. 12-14 ◽  
Author(s):  
Ray Yeuh-Min Huang ◽  
Victor C. M. Leung ◽  
Chin-Feng Lai ◽  
Subhas Mukhopadhyay ◽  
Roy X. Lai
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Communication ◽  
Software Defined Radio ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Guest Editorial ◽  
Mobile Communication Systems ◽  
5G Mobile Communication ◽  
Reconfigurable Software

Design and Simulation of K Band RF MEMS Tunable Combline Filter

2014 ◽  
Vol 875-877 ◽  
pp. 2219-2223 ◽  
Author(s):  
Zhong Liang Deng ◽  
Xing Jie Cao
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Communication ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Bandpass Filter ◽  
Rf Mems ◽  
Bandpass Filters ◽  
Simulation Software ◽  
Frequency Range ◽  
Mobile Communication Systems ◽  
Simulation Results ◽  
Tunable Frequency

Tunable bandpass filters are generally preferred and are used extensively in the mobile communication systems. In this paper, a design of the RF MEMS tunable combline bandpass filter is proposed. Firstly, the theory of the RF MEMS tunable combline bandpass filter is presented. Secondly, a combline bandpass filter which have a tunable frequency range from 18GHz to 27GHz is designed and simulated by using the EDA simulation software. Its bandwidth is about 1GHz in the tunable frequency range. From the simulation results, the designed filter is not only compact and effortless to fabricate but also relatively superior in some aspects.

scholarly journals Development of mobile communication systems for high-speed railway

2021 ◽  
Vol 1 (1) ◽  
pp. 29-34
Author(s):  
Nedžad Branković ◽  
Aida Kalem ◽  
Adisa Medić
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Communication ◽  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Traffic Management ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
High Speed ◽  
Data Communication ◽  
Mobile Communication Systems ◽  
Transport Services ◽  
Traffic Management System ◽  
Set Up

Development of high-speed railways set up challenges for new communication technologies. With the increase in speed, new requirements for communication systems have emerged that HSR requires greater reliability, capacity and shorter response time for efficient and safe operations. Mobile communication systems are crucial for the competitiveness of the railway industry and therefore have become one of the priorities addressed by the participants in the railway system to take advantage of technological opportunities to improve operational processes and the quality of provided transport services. The European Rail Traffic Management System (ERTMS) uses the Global System for Mobile Communications for Railways (GSM-R) for voice and data communication to communicate between trains and control centers. The International Railway Union is exploring new ways of communicating for high-speed railways because as speed increases this system becomes unreliable in information transmission. This paperwork presents an analysis of the evolution of communications on European railways since the usage of GSM-R. In addition, an overview of the various alternative solutions proposed during the time (LTE-R, Future Railway Mobile Communication System) as possible successors to GSM-R technology is given.

scholarly journals The usage of mobile communication systems in the trucking industry

2000 ◽  
Vol 12 (1) ◽  
pp. 49-56
Author(s):  
R Stephen Parker ◽  
John L Kent ◽  
Karl B Manrodt
Keyword(s):  
Mobile Communication ◽  
Mobile Communications ◽  
Communication System ◽  
Communication Systems ◽  
Cell Phones ◽  
Satellite Communications ◽  
Trucking Industry ◽  
Mobile Communication Systems ◽  
Mobile Communication System ◽  
Decision Factors

This article reports the findings of a mobile communications survey mailed out to over 2,000 trucking firms. The findings indicate that 68% of respondents use some form of mobile communication system in their firm. Various types of mobile communication systems were reported, including two-way pagers, one-way pagers, cell phones, two-way radio, and satellite communications. Additionally, implementation decision factors for mobile communication systems were evaluated for both users and non-users of mobile communication systems.

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