Level of Attrition from Antiretroviral Therapy Among Human Immune Deficiency Virus-Infected Children: The Cases of Sidama Zone, Southern Ethiopia

Background/objective: The World Health Organization (WHO) recommends routine assessment of antiretroviral treatment outcomes to detect treatment failure early and prevent the development of drug resistance. The aim of this study was to describe treatment outcomes of antiretroviral therapy (ART) over 2 years in children living with the human immune deficiency virus enrolled in the paediatric HIV clinic at the Lagos UniversityTeaching Hospital (LUTH).Materials and methods: This was a retrospective study of antiretroviral treatment outcomes in 278 children receiving antiretroviral therapy at the paediatric HIV clinic of LUTH. Demographic, clinical and laboratory data were retrospectively collected from clinical records of pediatric patientswho received antiretroviral therapy for 2 years ( from November 2015 to December 2017) . Virological failure was defined as viral load > 400 copies/ml and immunological failure was defined as a CD4 count <100 cells/mm3 or CD4 % <15% after receiving antiretroviral agents for 12 months. Data was analysed using graph pad prism version 5.0.Results: After 12 months on antiretroviral therapy (ART), 101 (36%) had virological failure while 14 (5%) and 36 (13%) failed immunologically [CD4 count <100 cells/mn3 and CD4 <15% respectively]. Virological blips were observed at 24 months in 6.1% of patients while immunovirological discordance occurred in 30% of patients (poor virological clearance despite good immunological recovery) . High baseline viral load (>5000 copies/ml), poor adherence (<95%) and low baseline CD4 counts (101-249 cells/mn3) were significantly associated with virological failure, while low baseline CD4 counts (<350 cells/mn3) and poor adherence (<95%) were significantly associated with immunologic failure.Conclusion: The treatment outcomes observed in this study are similar to those reported in earlier studies. At 1 and 2 years of antiretroviral therapy , there was immune restoration however 101 (36%) and 87 (31%) respectively had virological failure despite good adherence to therapy and good Immunological restoration. This calls for early initiation and switch to second and third line drugs . Key words: Human immunodeficiency virus (HIV), zidovudine, lamivudine, nevirapine, virological blips, immunovirological discordance , children, Nigeria.

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Prevalence of hepatitis B virus, its risk factors and co-infection with human immune deficiency virus among clients of voluntary counseling and testing center in Hosanna, Southern Ethiopia

Journal of Public Health and Epidemiology ◽

10.5897/jphe2018.1054 ◽

2018 ◽

Vol 10 (12) ◽

pp. 443-449 ◽

Cited By ~ 1

Author(s):

Asnakew Asfaw Mekuria ◽

Hailemariam Abebo Zeleke ◽

Bekele Kassahun Alemayehu

Keyword(s):

Risk Factors ◽

Immune Deficiency ◽

Hepatitis B Virus ◽

Southern Ethiopia ◽

Human Immune Deficiency Virus ◽

Voluntary Counseling And Testing ◽

Counseling And Testing ◽

B Virus ◽

Human Immune ◽

Testing Center

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Low Primary and Secondary HIV Drug-Resistance after 12 Months of Antiretroviral Therapy in Human Immune-Deficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1)-Infected Individuals from Kigali, Rwanda

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0064345 ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 8 (8) ◽

pp. e64345 ◽

Cited By ~ 19

Author(s):

John Rusine ◽

Brenda Asiimwe-Kateera ◽

Janneke van de Wijgert ◽

Kimberly Rachel Boer ◽

Enatha Mukantwali ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Deficiency ◽

Drug Resistance ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Virus Type ◽

Human Immune Deficiency Virus ◽

Hiv Drug Resistance ◽

Human Immune ◽

Hiv 1

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Incidence and predictors of mortality among children co-infected with tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus at public hospitals in Southern Ethiopia

PLoS ONE ◽

10.1371/journal.pone.0253449 ◽

2021 ◽

Vol 16 (6) ◽

pp. e0253449

Author(s):

Zinabu Dawit ◽

Sintayehu Abebe ◽

Samuel Dessu ◽

Molalegn Mesele ◽

Serekebirhan Sahile ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Immune Deficiency ◽

Human Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Preventive Therapy ◽

Public Hospitals ◽

Southern Ethiopia ◽

Human Immune Deficiency Virus ◽

The Public ◽

Predictors Of Mortality ◽

Immunodeficiency Virus ◽

Human Immune

Background Tuberculosis and human immune deficiency virus co-infections remained the most common cause of child mortality for the last ten years. Globally, 1.2 million cases of tuberculosis occurred in patients living with HIV/AIDS, of which 1.0 million cases occurred in children. The public health impact of tuberculosis and human immune deficiency virus co-infection among children is high in developing countries and Sub-Saharan Africa accompanied three fourth of the global burden. However, there are limited studies that assess the incidence and predictors of mortality among tuberculosis and human immune deficiency virus co-infected children in Ethiopia. Methods A facility-based retrospective cohort study was conducted at Public hospitals in Southern Ethiopia with a total of 286 randomly selected records of ART enrolled children from 1st January 2009 to 31stDecember 2018. Data were entered into Epi Data version 3.1 and exported to STATA version 14 for analysis. Bivariate and multivariable Cox proportional hazards model was fitted to identify the predictors of mortality. Variables that had a p-value<0.05 at 95%CI in the multivariable cox proportional hazard model were considered as statistically significant. Results A total of 274 tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus co-infected children’s records were reviewed. The incidence of mortality among tuberculosis and human immunodeficiency virus co-infected children was 17.15 per 100 children. The overall incidence density rate of mortality was 2.97(95%CI: 2.2, 3.9) per 100 child year of observation and being anemic (AHR: 2.6; 95%CI: 1.28, 5.21), not initiating isoniazid prophylaxis therapy (AHR: 2.8; 95%CI: 1.44, 5.48), developing extrapulmonary tuberculosis (AHR: 5.7; 95%CI: 2.67, 12.56) and non-adherence (AHR: 5.2; 95%CI: 2.19, 12.39) were independent predictors of mortality. Conclusion Mortality rate was high among TB/HIV co-infected children at the public hospitals in Southern Ethiopia. Extra-pulmonary tuberculosis, anemia, non-adherence, and isoniazid preventive therapy use were statistically significant predictors of mortality among TB/HIV co-infected children. Therefore, extra pulmonary tuberculosis, and anemia should be closely monitored to increase their adherence as well as they should be provided with isoniazid preventive therapy.

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Consistent Condom Use and Associated Factors among HIV-Positive Clients on Antiretroviral Therapy in North West Ethiopian Health Center, 2016 GC

AIDS Research and Treatment ◽

10.1155/2019/7134908 ◽

2019 ◽

Vol 2019 ◽

pp. 1-10 ◽

Cited By ~ 4

Author(s):

Mohammed Seid Ali ◽

Eleni Tesfaye Tegegne ◽

Mekibib Kassa Tesemma ◽

Kaleab Tesfaye Tegegne

Keyword(s):

Immune Deficiency ◽

Antiretroviral Therapy ◽

Condom Use ◽

Health Center ◽

Immune Deficiency Syndrome ◽

Consistent Condom ◽

Human Immune Deficiency Virus ◽

Consistent Condom Use ◽

North West ◽

Human Immune

Background. The burden of Human Immune Deficiency Virus or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome is high in sub-Saharan countries including Ethiopia which have over two-thirds of the global HIV burden. Many would argue that consistent condom use is not most effective method for HIV prevention. Condoms offer protection against unwanted pregnancy and some sexually transmitted infections including Human Immune Deficiency Virus, when used correctly and consistently. Inconsistent use of condom by People Living with Human Immune Deficiency Virus or Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome on Antiretroviral Therapy will lead to further worsening the Human Immune Deficiency Virus infection epidemic and reinfection with new drug resistant viral strains. Objective. To assess magnitude of consistent condom use and associated factors among HIV-positive clients on Antiretroviral Therapy in North West Ethiopian health center, 2016 GC. Method. An institutional based cross-sectional study was conducted, from April 15 to June 10, 2016. A total of 358 patients on ART in Koladiba Health Center had participated in this research. Koladiba Health Center is the first health center in Ethiopia that is found in Debbie district, which is located in north Gondar Zone. Study participants were selected by simple random sampling technique. Data were collected by using pretested structured questionnaires and analyzed using SPSS version 22. Descriptive statistics was computed and binary and multiple logistic regressions were also conducted to examine the effect of selected independent variables on consistent condom use. Result. A total of 358 ART clients participated in the study with response rate of 90%. Among study participants, 138 (38.5%) were in the age category of 35-44 years. About 216 (60.3%) of the participants were female and 325 (90.8%) were Orthodox followers. Consistent condom use was reported by 130 (55.8%) sexually active study subjects. Respondents in rural residence (AOR=0.326, 95% CI: 0.109, 0.973) and sexual partner initiated condom use (AOR=0.031, 95% CI: 0.005, 0.186) were found to be the independent predictors of consistent condom use. Conclusion and Recommendations. Consistent condom utilization among HIV clients on ART was low (55.8%). Place of residence and condom use initiation during sexual contact were significantly associated with consistent condom use. It is better to give more emphasis on health education and counseling service about consistent condom use for PLWHA who are on ART during follow-up especially for those who came from rural areas.

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