scholarly journals Antihypertensive Medication Adherence and Associated Factors: A Cross-Sectional Analysis of Patients Attending a National Referral Hospital in Asmara, Eritrea

2021 ◽  
Vol Volume 15 ◽  
pp. 2619-2632
Author(s):  
Goitom Mebrahtu ◽  
Mary M Moleki ◽  
Oliver Okoth Achila ◽  
Yemane Seyoum ◽  
Elias T Adgoy ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Medication Adherence ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Antihypertensive Medication ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
National Referral Hospital

scholarly journals Pterygium and associated factors among adults: a hospital-based prospective study

2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (1) ◽  
pp. 32-37
Author(s):  
Chhimi Wangmo ◽  
Nor Tshering Lepcha
Keyword(s):  
Associated Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Adult Patients ◽  
Age Group ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Systematic Random Sampling ◽  
High Prevalence ◽  
Grade 3 ◽  
National Referral Hospital

Introduction: The aim of this hospital-based study was to assess the prevalence and associated factors of pterygium among adult patients visiting the Ophthalmology Outpatient Department (OPD) in the Jigme Dorji Wangchuck National Referral Hospital (JDWNRH), Thimphu. Methods: A cross sectional study was carried out in the ophthalmology OPD in the national referral hospital, Thimphu from 1st January, 2018 to 31st December, 2018, during which 1599 adult patients were selected through systematic random sampling. Results: The prevalence of pterygium was 12.8% (95% CI: 11.2 -14.5). Among 271 eyes with pterygium, the distribution of grade 1, grade 2 and grade 3 pterygium was 34.7%, 56.1% and 9.2% respectively. Pterygium wasmost common in the age group of 36-55 years. The significant factors associated with pterygium were age group, occupation and usage of sunglasses. Individuals who were 36-55 years (adjusted OR 2.70, 95% CI 1.82-4.0) and >55 years (adjusted OR 2.17, 95% CI 1.34-3.50) had significantly higher risk than 18-35 years (p< 0.002), and not using sunglasses (adjusted OR 1.97, 95% CI1.17-3.33, p = 0.007) significantly increased the risk of pterygium. Indoor occupation, particularly being a student was protective against pterygium (OR 0.08, 95% CI 10.02-0.33, p< 0.001). Only 14.1% used sunglasses and among them, 27.6% were aware that sunglasses can protect from ultraviolet radiation. Conclusion: This study found a high prevalence of pterygium among adults aged 18 years and above. Those aged 36-55 years and an occupation involving outdoor activities were affected more. Encouraging usage of sunglasses may reduce pterygium

scholarly journals Association of lifestyle modification and pharmacological adherence on blood pressure control among patients with hypertension at Kenyatta National Hospital, Kenya: a cross-sectional study

BMJ Open ◽  
2019 ◽  
Vol 9 (1) ◽  
pp. e023995 ◽  
Author(s):  
Samuel Kimani ◽  
Waithira Mirie ◽  
Margaret Chege ◽  
Okubatsion Tekeste Okube ◽  
Samuel Muniu
Keyword(s):  
Blood Pressure ◽  
Fast Food ◽  
Antihypertensive Medication ◽  
Dietary Habits ◽  
Lifestyle Modification ◽  
Referral Hospital ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Highly Educated ◽  
Vegetables And Fruits ◽  
National Referral Hospital

ObjectiveAssociation of lifestyle modification and pharmacological adherence among patients with hypertension attending a national referral hospital in Kenya.DesignDescriptive, cross-sectional.SettingMedical wards and outpatient clinic of a national referral hospital.ParticipantsPatients (n=229) diagnosed with primary hypertension for at least 6 months.Primary outcomesClinical makers, cholesterol levels, anthropometrics, lifestyle/dietary habits adjusted for age, gender and education; antihypertensive adherence; views on prevention of hypertension and adequacy of hypertension information.ResultsAgeing was associated with elevated diastolic blood pressure (BP) (p<0.05), heart rate (HR) and cholesterol. Females had higher body mass index (BMI). More males reported drinking alcohol and smoking (p<0.001), especially the highly educated. Higher BPs were observed in smokers and drinkers (p<0.05). Daily vegetables and fruits intake were linked to lower BP, HR and BMI (p<0.05). Intake of foods high in saturated fat and cholesterol were associated with raised HR (p<0.05). Respondents on antihypertensive medication, those engaged in healthy lifestyle and took their prescribed medications had lower mean BPs than those on medication only (138/85 vs 140/90). Few respondents (30.8%) considered hypertension as preventable, mainly the single and highly educated (p<0.05). Respondents (53.6%) believed they should stop taking their antihypertensive medication once hypertension is controlled.ConclusionMissed targets for BP control and hypertension-related risks are associated with ageing, female gender, fast food and animal fat intake. Alcohol and smoking is common in males associated with poor BP control. Daily vegetables and fruits intake are associated with better BP control and overall hypertension risk reduction. Observed suboptimal BP control despite pharmacological adherence suggests lifestyle modification is needed besides antihypertensive medication. Interventions should address modifiable risk factors aggravated by age and adverse lifestyles through adopting combined lifestyle modification, pharmacological adherence and tailored expert delivered hypertension-related information.

scholarly journals Household food insecurity among patients with pulmonary tuberculosis and its associated factors in South India: a cross-sectional analysis

BMJ Open ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 10 (2) ◽  
pp. e033798 ◽  
Author(s):  
Reshma Ayiraveetil ◽  
Sonali Sarkar ◽  
Palanivel Chinnakali ◽  
Kathiresan Jeyashree ◽  
Mathavaswami Vijayageetha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Food Insecurity ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
South India ◽  
Household Food Insecurity ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Pulmonary Tb ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Household Food ◽  
Sectional Analysis ◽  
Prevalence Ratios

ObjectivesFood insecurity is ‘the limited or uncertain availability of nutritionally adequate, safe foods or inability to acquire foods in socially acceptable ways’. Majority of tuberculosis (TB) cases of resource-poor settings experience food insecurity, which impacts treatment adherence and outcomes. We aimed to determine level of household food insecurity (HFI) and its associated factors in patients with pulmonary TB.DesignThis is a cross-sectional analysis of data from an ongoing cohort study.SettingNational Tuberculosis Programme (NTP) in three districts of South India.ParticipantsAll newly diagnosed pulmonary TB cases of the cohort enrolled in the NTP at the Designated Microscopy Centres (DMCs) and Primary Health Centres (PHCs) from October 2015 to October 2018.Primary outcome measuresThe proportion of baseline HFI assessed using a validated HFI Access Scale was summarised as percentage with 95% CI. Possible association of sociodemographic, morbidity and behavioural characteristics with HFI was assessed using χ2test, and unadjusted prevalence ratios with 95% CI were calculated. The characteristics with values of p<0.2 in the univariate model were included in the multivariable generalised linear model (binomial function, log link) to derive adjusted prevalence ratios (aPRs) with 95% CI.ResultOf a total of 765 patients, 261 had HFI and the proportion was 34.1% (95% CI 30.8% to 37.6%). Mild, moderate and severe food insecurity was found in 17 (2.2%), 67 (8.8%) and 177 (23.1%) TB cases, respectively. Patients with TB who had monthly family income less than rupees 3000 (aPR 2.0; 95% CI 1.3 to 3.0), Karnofsky Score of 60 or less (aPR 1.5; 95% CI 1.1 to 1.9) and those who were employed (aPR 1.4; 95% CI 1.0 to 2.0) were independently associated with HFI.ConclusionsA high level of food insecurity was seen in households with TB cases. Additional food or cash assistance for this subgroup might improve food insecurity and thereby nutritional status.

Prevalence of frailty and its associated factors in patients with rheumatoid arthritis: a cross-sectional analysis

2019 ◽  
Vol 38 (7) ◽  
pp. 1823-1830 ◽  
Author(s):  
Fausto Salaffi ◽  
Marco Di Carlo ◽  
Sonia Farah ◽  
Eleonora Di Donato ◽  
Marina Carotti
Keyword(s):  
Rheumatoid Arthritis ◽  
Associated Factors ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Cross Sectional Analysis ◽  
Sectional Analysis
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