Can Comorbidity Data Explain Cross-State and Cross-National Difference in COVID-19 Death Rates?

With restricted face-to-face interactions, COVID-19 lockdowns and distancing measures tested the capability of computer-mediated communication to foster social contact and wellbeing. In a multinational sample ( n = 6436), we investigated how different modes of contact related to wellbeing during the pandemic. Computer-mediated communication was more common than face-to-face, and its use was influenced by COVID-19 death rates, more so than state stringency measures. Despite its legal and health threats, face-to-face contact was still positively associated with wellbeing, and messaging apps had a negative association. Perceived household vulnerability to COVID-19 reduced the positive effect of face-to-face communication on wellbeing, but surprisingly, people’s own vulnerability did not. Computer-mediated communication was particularly negatively associated with the wellbeing of young and empathetic people. Findings show people endeavored to remain socially connected, yet however, maintain a physical distance, despite the tangible costs to their wellbeing.

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Cross‐national difference of unionization in advanced capitalist countries

Journal of East and West Studies ◽

10.1080/12265089408422828 ◽

1994 ◽

Vol 23 (1) ◽

pp. 57-73

Author(s):

Hyun‐Seog Yu

Keyword(s):

National Difference ◽

Cross National ◽

Advanced Capitalist

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The Institutional Politics of Territorial Redistribution: Federalism and Equalization Policy in Australia and Canada

Canadian Journal of Political Science ◽

10.1017/s000842391300019x ◽

2013 ◽

Vol 46 (1) ◽

pp. 93-113 ◽

Cited By ~ 10

Author(s):

André Lecours ◽

Daniel Béland

Keyword(s):

Comparative Politics ◽

Political Conflict ◽

Financial Resources ◽

Institutional Politics ◽

Executive Discretion ◽

Canadian Provinces ◽

National Difference ◽

Different Levels ◽

Cross National ◽

Intergovernmental Conflict

Abstract.A key challenge for comparative politics is to explain the varying degrees of political conflict triggered by the territorial redistribution of financial resources. Federal systems pose this question particularly acutely since they typically operate equalization programs that generate different levels and patterns of intergovernmental conflict. For instance, in Canada equalization has generated serious conflict between federal and provincial governments whereas in Australia it has only led to low-level grumblings on the part of some states which have taken shots at others. This article sheds light on the causes for conflict around the territorial redistribution of financial resources by explaining why equalization has produced more severe intergovernmental conflict in Canada than in Australia. It argues that institutional factors linked to the governance structures of equalization and the nature of federalism are at the heart of the cross-national difference. More specifically, the presence of an arms-length agency administrating equalization in Australia compared to executive discretion over the program in Canada and the weaker status and lesser power of states in comparison to Canadian provinces means that equalization policy is more subject to political challenges in Australia than in Canada.Résumé.Une question majeure pour la politique comparée contemporaine, et plus particulièrement le fédéralisme comparé, est celle des conflits politiques et intergouvernementaux générés par la distribution territoriale des ressources fiscales. Au Canada, au cours de la dernière décennie, le programme de péréquation a suscité des conflits importants entre le gouvernement fédéral et les provinces, tandis qu'en Australie la péréquation ne provoque qu'un mécontentement épisodique entre les états fédérés. Cet article cherche à expliquer cette différence. Il suggère que des facteurs institutionnels liés à la gouvernance de la péréquation et à la nature des systèmes fédéraux sont au centre de l'explication. Plus précisément, l'article suggère que la présence d'une agence quasi-indépendante pour administrer la péréquation en Australie et son absence au Canada ainsi que la faiblesse relative des états australiens par rapport aux provinces canadiennes font que la péréquation au Canada est plus sujette aux attaques politiques qu'en Australie.

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Editor’s Introduction: Understanding Cross-National Differences in Globalized Teacher Reforms

Educational Researcher ◽

10.3102/0013189x17711908 ◽

2017 ◽

Vol 46 (4) ◽

pp. 153-168 ◽

Cited By ~ 9

Author(s):

Motoko Akiba

Keyword(s):

Teacher Quality ◽

State Government ◽

Future Research ◽

Global Dynamics ◽

Policy Environments ◽

National Differences ◽

Specific Teaching ◽

Collective Sensemaking ◽

National Difference ◽

Cross National

We have observed a global focus on improving teacher quality through reforming teacher education, certification, recruitment, and evaluation during the past two decades. Previous single country studies have documented the focus, design, and implementation of teacher reforms in various national contexts, yet few studies systematically analyzed what explains the cross-national difference in how a national, federal, or state government develops and implements a teacher reform influenced by global dynamics. This article presents a conceptual framework to understand how this cross-national divergence emerges within a global convergence on reforming teachers and their work to guide the future research. The author argues that this divergence is a result of collective sensemaking, negotiation, and contestation over a “teacher quality” problem and the solution among policy actors at national and local levels, which are influenced by global dynamics but occur within nation-specific teaching and policy environments.

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Digital Contact Does Not Promote Wellbeing, but Face-to-Face Does: A Cross-National Survey During the Covid-19 Pandemic

10.31234/osf.io/b8vfx ◽

2021 ◽

Author(s):

Martha Newson ◽

Marwa El Zein ◽

Justin Sulik ◽

Yi Zhao ◽

Guillaume Dezecache ◽

...

Keyword(s):

Social Contact ◽

Mediated Communication ◽

Death Rates ◽

Men And Women ◽

Face To Face ◽

Global Pandemic ◽

People’S Perception ◽

The Face ◽

Socially Isolated ◽

Cross National

With restrictions on opportunities for face to face (FtF) interactions, Covid-19 lockdowns test the promises of digitally mediated communication (DMC) to foster social contact and wellbeing. In a multinational sample (n= 6436), we investigated how different modes of contact relate to wellbeing during a global pandemic. DMC was more popular than FtF and Covid-19 death rates played a bigger role in DMC use than state stringency measures. FtF contact was positively associated and messaging negatively associated with wellbeing. FtF was especially positive for people who did not perceive any loved ones in their household as vulnerable to the disease, yet did not vary with people’s perception of their own vulnerability. The results suggest that, in the face of the pandemic, men and women of all ages relied on DMC over FtF contact. Despite tangible costs to wellbeing, during the pandemic, people endeavoured to be physically distanced but not socially isolated.

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The Complexity of Health Disparities: More Than Just Black–White Differences

Perspectives of the ASHA Special Interest Groups ◽

10.1044/2020_persp-20-00199 ◽

2021 ◽

pp. 1-10

Author(s):

Charles Ellis ◽

Molly Jacobs

Keyword(s):

Health Disparities ◽

Clinical Outcomes ◽

The United States ◽

Careful Examination ◽

White Americans ◽

Speech Language Pathology ◽

Death Rates ◽

The Social ◽

Health Related ◽

Language Pathology

Health disparities have once again moved to the forefront of America's consciousness with the recent significant observation of dramatically higher death rates among African Americans with COVID-19 when compared to White Americans. Health disparities have a long history in the United States, yet little consideration has been given to their impact on the clinical outcomes in the rehabilitative health professions such as speech-language pathology/audiology (SLP/A). Consequently, it is unclear how the absence of a careful examination of health disparities in fields like SLP/A impacts the clinical outcomes desired or achieved. The purpose of this tutorial is to examine the issue of health disparities in relationship to SLP/A. This tutorial includes operational definitions related to health disparities and a review of the social determinants of health that are the underlying cause of such disparities. The tutorial concludes with a discussion of potential directions for the study of health disparities in SLP/A to identify strategies to close the disparity gap in health-related outcomes that currently exists.

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