scholarly journals A CRITICAL ANALYSIS OF POLICIES TO FIGHT ILLITERACY AND SCHOOL DROPOUT IN RURAL MOROCCO

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (08) ◽  
pp. 254-269
Author(s):  
Youssef Nait Belaid ◽  

Why, despite enormous efforts to reduce illiteracy and dropout rates in Morocco, are rural populations the most affected by these two scourges? The dominant explanation is the limited provision of education and literacy in rural areas. Previous studies in the fields of sociology of education and educational policy management have analyzed the problems of illiteracy and school dropout separately. These studies have not been comprehensive enough to explain the complex relationships between illiteracy, school dropout and the new dynamics of rural areas. Thus, this article aims to analyze the national strategies for education and literacy in rural areas in Morocco, and to show their limitations, in terms of quantitative and qualitative achievements. We believe that actions to combat illiteracy and school dropout, particularly in rural areas, must be comprehensive and more integrated. This is why we propose some improvements for the success of the national framework of intervention in education and literacy.

2018 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 507-515
Author(s):  
Mutale Sampa ◽  
Choolwe Jacobs ◽  
Patrick Musonda

Background: School dropout rates, as well as early marriages and pregnancies, are high among adolescent girls in rural Zambia. In the quest to fight this, the Research Initiative to Support the Empowerment of girls (RISE) trial has been providing cash transfers and community dialogues to adolescent girls in rural Zambia. The overall goal of the study was to establish the effects of cash transfers on adolescent girls’ school dropout rates in selected provinces of Zambia. Methods: The study was nested in the RISE trial which is a cluster randomized trial conducted in Central and Southern provinces of Zambia. A total of 3500 adolescent girls were included in the study. Random intercepts model was used to model the individual effects estimates, taking account of the dependency that was likely to occur due to the repeated measurements and clustering in the study. Results: Girls who were married or cohabiting and girls who had given birth, were significantly less likely to be in school (OR=0.004, 95% CI {0.001-0.02}, p-value=<0.0001) and (OR=0.003, 95% CI {0.02-0.04}, p-value=<0.0001) respectively. Consistently receiving cash transfers increased the chance of a girl being in school (OR=8.51, 95% CI {4.50-16.08}, p-value=<0.0001). There was an indication that the combined intervention arm had a reduced chance of girls being in school, however, we could not rule out chance finding (OR=0.89, 95% CI {0.59-1.36}, p=0.606). Conclusion: The study found that marriage or cohabiting and giving birth whilst in school reduce the chances of the girl continuing schooling. No significant association could be attributed to the type of intervention, However, consistent receipt of cash transfers was shown to be a protective factor of school dropout rates in the study.


2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (3) ◽  
pp. 405-431
Author(s):  
María Vallejo ◽  
Maribel Caicedo

We take the concept of the economics of deforestation to analyse the consumption of firewood in Ecuador during 2018. We identify poor rural populations as being at risk, since the incomplete burning of firewood generates emissions of CO2 that can reach levels that are harmful to their health. We calculate that 95% of the impacts associated with the consumption of firewood are concentrated in rural areas, most of them in poverty conditions: the deforestation of 5,935 hectares, the emission of 1,317.38 Gg of CO2 and 94.58 Gg of CO due to the consumption of 782.08 Gg of firewood. We suggest an energy policy based on solidarity to reduce health risks for these communities, which in turn will enable other impacts to be mitigated. However, it will be necessary to include specific policies for commercial, industrial and productive uses of firewood, where about 65% of firewood consumption and its impacts are concentrated.


2017 ◽  
Vol 38 (8) ◽  
pp. 1041-1073 ◽  
Author(s):  
Antonio R. Garcia ◽  
Stephen Metraux ◽  
Chin-Chih Chen ◽  
Jung Min Park ◽  
Dennis P. Culhane ◽  
...  

Youth who receive services from public mental health, child welfare and delinquency, and homeless systems are often exposed to a number of overlapping child, family, school, and community risk factors. Minimal research, however, has focused on the extent to which single- or multiple-system involvement influences school dropout. Relying on an integrated data set, the associations between single- and multiple-system utilization and risk for dropping out, or actually dropping out of school, among youth in Grades 7 through 9 were examined. Results showed dropout rates more than doubled among public youth system users compared with those in the overall sample. With a few exceptions, use of combinations of services systems translated into somewhat higher likelihoods of dropping out of school when compared with single-system use. Future research is warranted to identify the underlying processes by which single- and multiple-system involvement influences school dropout rates.


2020 ◽  
Vol 6 (10) ◽  
pp. 264
Author(s):  
Patricia Maria Uchôa SIMÕES ◽  
Mariana Uchôa Simões BARBOSA

RESUMONo Brasil, a história da educação institucionalizada dos bebês inicia-se com instituições voltadas para o atendimento das populações mais pobres das cidades e está relacionada à industrialização e urbanização. Essa origem explica, em parte, a escassa oferta de Educação Infantil para as populações rurais, até hoje. O estudo debate a trajetória das creches das zonas rurais, analisa alguns dos indicadores educacionais e dados da implantação do Proinfância nessas áreas. As conclusões apontam para os avanços na legislação e a melhoria dos indicadores educacionais nas primeiras décadas desse século, também apresenta o Proinfância como uma alternativa para as zonas rurais, com a oferta de apoio aos municípios na construção de políticas de inclusão dos bebês em creche com maior qualidade de atendimento. Faz-se necessário a afirmação desses bebês como sujeitos de direitos, da sua educação como condição de cidadania e da especificidade da creche nas zonas rurais como direito à diferença.Bebês. Creche. Educação Infantil do Campo. Babies in daycare centers in rural BrazilABSTRACT In Brazil, the history of institutionalized baby education begins with institutions aimed at serving the poorest populations in cities and is related to industrialization and urbanization. This origin explains, in part, the scarce offer of Early Childhood Education for rural populations, even today. The study debates the trajectory of daycare centers in rural areas, analyzes some of the educational indicators and data on the implementation of Proinfância in these areas. The conclusions point to advances in legislation and the improvement of educational indicators in the first decades of this century, it also presents Proinfância as an alternative for rural areas, with the offer of support to municipalities in the construction of policies for the inclusion of babies in daycare centers with higher quality of care. It is necessary to affirm these babies as subjects of rights, their education as a condition of citizenship and the specificity of daycare in rural areas as the right to difference.Babies. Nursery. Rural Early Childhood Education. Bebés en guarderías en zonas rurales de BrasilRESUMEN En Brasil, la historia de la educación institucionalizada de bebes comienza con instituciones destinadas a servir a las poblaciones más pobres de las ciudades y está relacionada con la industrialización y la urbanización. Este origen explica, en parte, la escasa oferta de educación de la primera infancia para las poblaciones rurales, incluso hoy en día. El estudio debate la trayectoria de las guarderías en áreas rurales, analiza algunos de los indicadores educacionales y los datos sobre la implementación de “Proinfância” en estas áreas. Las conclusiones apuntan a avances en la legislación y la mejora de los indicadores educacionales en las primeras décadas de este siglo, también presenta a “Proinfância” como una alternativa para las zonas rurales, ofreciendo apoyo a los municipios en la construcción de políticas para la inclusión de bebés en guarderías con mejor calidad de cuidado. Es necesario afirmar que estos bebés son sujetos de derechos, su educación debe ser entendida como condición de ciudadanía y la especificidad de la guardería en las zonas rurales como un derecho a la diferencia.Bebés. Guardería. Educación de la primera infancia rural. Bambini in asili nele aree rurali del BrasileSINTESEIn Brasile, la storia dell'educazione al bambino istituzionalizzata inizia con istituzioni progettate per servire le popolazioni più povere delle città ed è legata all'industrializzazione e all'urbanizzazione. Questa origine spiega, in parte, l'offerta limitata di educazione della prima infanzia per le popolazioni rurali, anche oggi. Lo studio discute la traiettoria degli asili nelle aree rurali, analizza alcuni degli indicatori e dati educativi sull'attuazione di "Proinfância" in queste aree. Le conclusioni indicano i progressi della legislazione e il miglioramento degli indicatori educativi nei primi decenni di questo secolo, inoltre presenta "Proinfância" come alternativa alle aree rurali, offrendo supporto ai comuni nella costruzione di politiche per l'inclusione dei bambini negli asili nido con una migliore qualità delle cure. È necessario affermare che questi bambini sono soggetti di diritti, la loro educazione deve essere intesa come una condizione di cittadinanza e la specificità dell'assistenza all'infanzia nelle aree rurali come un diritto alla differenza.


Author(s):  
Wolfgang Breul ◽  
Holger Th. Gräf

ABSTRACT This review article provides an overview and critical analysis of the recent literature on Philip of Hesse on the occasion of his 500th birthday in 2004. The article covers the following fields of Philip’s life and reign: i) the young Philip; ii) territorial policy; iii) Reformation and church policy; iv) social and educational policy; v) dynastical issues and his bigamous marriage; vi), princely household, art and culture; vii) foreign policy and international relations; viii) Philip in his later years; ix) reception; x) general historiographical assessment of Philip of Hesse.


Sign in / Sign up

Export Citation Format

Share Document