scholarly journals THE PREVALENCE AND RISK FACTORS ASSOCIATED WITH TYPE 2 DIABETIC RETINOPATHY IN RWANDA

2021 ◽  
Vol 9 (10) ◽  
pp. 402-410
Author(s):  
A. Niyodusenga ◽  
◽  
T.N. Kiama ◽  
C. Muhizi ◽  
F. Bukachi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Ordinal Data ◽  
Ldl Cholesterol ◽  
Multivariate Logistic Regression Analysis ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Retinopathy

Objective: To determine the prevalence and risk factors associated with type 2 diabetic retinopathy in Rwanda. Methods: A case-control study was conducted from January to September 2019 in four hospitals within the Republic of Rwanda. Type 2 diabetic patients were screened for retinopathy. Patients with retinopathy were considered as cases and those without retinopathy as controls. A study sample of 592 participants were enrolled, 66 cases and 526 controls. Diabetic retinopathy was assessed by indirect ophthalmoscopy performed for each eye with a slit-lamp +90D lens. Plasma glucose and Glycated hemoglobin (HbA1c) were measured by colorimetric enzymatic tests. Albuminuria was measured by quantitative spectrophotometric method. Triglycerides, Total, HDL and LDL cholesterol, Urea and Creatinine were assayed by colorimetric methods. A questionnaire was used to assess medical history and demographic status. Data were analyzed by use of SPSS version 20. Statistical analyses were performed by Chi square to show association between nominal and ordinal data. Multivariate logistic regression analysis to select independent variables was performed. Odds ratio was used as a measure of association. Results: The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy in this study population was 11.2%. Independent risk factors associated with diabetic retinopathy were long duration of diabetes, hyperglycemia, LDL cholesterol, triglycerides, and albuminuria. Conclusion: The prevalence of diabetic retinopathy is high and is associated with traditional modifiable risk factors. Early detection and management of diabetes mellitus and these risk factors, combined with good adherence to scheduled eye examination would greatly improve the quality of life of affected patients.

The prevalence and risk factors associated with dyslipidemia in type 2 diabetic patients in the autonomous Region of Cantabria

2020 ◽  
Vol 67 (2) ◽  
pp. 102-112
Author(s):  
Alcibíades Segundo Díaz Vera ◽  
José Abellán Alemán ◽  
Antonio Segura Fragoso ◽  
Juan Pablo Martínez de Esteban ◽  
Francisco Javier Lameiro Couso ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Autonomous Region ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

scholarly journals Evaluation of HbA1c Level and Other Risk Factors in Diabetic Retinopathy: A Study of Type 2 Diabetic Patients Attending in a Tertiary Level Hospital

KYAMC Journal ◽  
2017 ◽  
Vol 6 (2) ◽  
pp. 614-619 ◽  
Author(s):  
Sayama Hoque ◽  
MA Muttalib ◽  
Md Imtiajul Islam ◽  
Parvin Akter Khanam ◽  
Subhagata Choudhury
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Logistic Regression ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Blood Glucose ◽  
Advanced Age ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Duration Of Diabetes ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Background: Retinopathy is the leading cause of blindness in persons with diabetes. Strict monitoring and maintenance of normal blood glucose specially HbA1c and prevention of different risk factors can prevent and delay the diabetic retinopathy. The purpose of the study was to explore the factors influencing or related to the development of the diabetic retinopathy with spcial concern to the HbA1c levels.Materials and Methods: We studied 400 type 2 diabetic patients in this cross-sectional study which was conducted in the out-patient department of BIRDEM hospital, Bangladesh. The randomly selected patients were evaluated for the presence of retinopathy through the review of their registered diabetic guide book. We included sociodemographic information, blood pressure, anthropometry (height, weight, BMI) and lipid profile of the patients. Glycaemic status was assessed by HbA1c (HbA1c was categorized into 3 groups) and plasma glucose levels. We used Student's t-test, Chi-square test and logistic regression analysis to determine and quantify the association of diabetic retinopathy with various risk factors specially HbA1c.Results: 400 type 2 diabetic patients (male 166 and female 234) were studied. The prevalence of retinopathy was 12.3%; male 12.7%, female 12.0%. Increasing HbA1c categories above 7.0% were significantly associated with increased prevalence of retinopathy (4.2 vs 12.3 vs 18.1%;c2 = 12.529, p < .01). Logistic regression models of univariate analysis showed that the risk of retinopathy at HbA1c categories >7.0% was (OR = 3.22; 95% CI: 1.12-9.25) and the risk was strongly increased at the HbA1c categories 8% (OR = 5.07; 95% CI: 1.90-13.50). Advanced age (OR = 2.92; 95% CI: 1.44-5.91), longer duration of diabetes (OR = 3.08; 95% CI: 1.49-6.37), presence of hypertension (OR = 2.42; 95% CI: 1.14-5.16), FBG (OR = 1.139; 95% CI: 1.036-1.251), blood glucose 2 hours ABF (OR = 1.124; 95% CI: 1.046-1.207) and SBP (OR = 1.033; 95% CI: 1.011-1.056) had significant association with retinopathy.Conclusions: HbA1c categories >7.0% is an important risk factor for the development of retinopathy. Poor glycaemic control, advanced age, longer duration of diabetes, hypertension are other significant risk factors of diabetic retinopathy.KYAMC Journal Vol. 6, No.-2, Jan 2016, Page 614-619

Assessment of Circulating Biomarkers in Relation to Various Stages of Diabetic Retinopathy in Type 2 Diabetic Patients-A Cross Sectional Study

2020 ◽  
Vol 16 (4) ◽  
pp. 402-409 ◽  
Author(s):  
Nalini Mathala ◽  
Annapurna Akula ◽  
Sharat Hegde ◽  
Raghava Bitra ◽  
Virender Sachedev
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Tnf Alpha ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Sectional Study ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Aim: The aim of this study is to examine the relationship between inflammatory markers, and diabetic retinopathy in type II diabetic patients. Methods: The study was a cross-sectional study included 150 type 2 diabetic patients who were divided into 3 groups. 50 in each group are divided as Diabetic patients without retinopathy (DM, n=50), nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy patients (NPDR, n=50), proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients (PDR, n=50). All the patients were subjected to complete clinical examination and laboratory investigations, such as fasting and postprandial blood glucose, serum creatinine, lipid profile tests, glycosylated haemoglobin (HbA1c), fasting insulin, serum inflammatory markers (TNF-alpha, C-reactive protein) and serum VEGF. Results: The study revealed from the multivariate analysis that age, duration and WHR (waist-hip ratio) are potent risk factors responsible for the risk of Diabetic retinopathy. Similarly, serum creatinine, CRP, TNF- alpha and VEGF are significantly higher in diabetic patients with retinopathy compared to diabetic patients without retinopathy. Conclusion: The study concluded that inflammation was associated with severe diabetic retinopathy in patients with well-controlled diabetes. A possible relationship was provided between the risk factors and biomarkers which are responsible for Diabetic retinopathy. Hence, modifying the risk factors risk and development of severe diabetic retinopathy can be reduced.

Risk factors of diabetic retinopathy in Bangladeshi type 2 diabetic patients

2011 ◽  
Vol 5 (4) ◽  
pp. 196-200 ◽  
Author(s):  
Kazi R. Ahmed ◽  
Md N. Karim ◽  
Mohammad S. Bukht ◽  
Bishwajit Bhowmik ◽  
Amitava Acharyya ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

scholarly journals Serum lipids and other risk factors for diabetic retinopathy in Chinese type 2 diabetic patients

2013 ◽  
Vol 14 (5) ◽  
pp. 392-399 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hui-yan Zhang ◽  
Jian-yong Wang ◽  
Gui-shuang Ying ◽  
Li-ping Shen ◽  
Zhe Zhang
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Serum Lipids ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

scholarly journals Leukocyte Lipid Peroxidation, Superoxide Dismutase and Catalase Activities of Type 2 Diabetic Patients with Retinopathy

2005 ◽  
Vol 48 (1) ◽  
pp. 35-38 ◽  
Author(s):  
Naciye Kurtul ◽  
Ebubekir Bakan ◽  
Hülya Aksoy ◽  
Orhan Baykal
Keyword(s):  
Oxidative Stress ◽  
Lipid Peroxidation ◽  
Superoxide Dismutase ◽  
Diabetic Retinopathy ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Retinopathy

Increased oxidative stress might play an important role in the initiation and progression of diabetic complications. The present study has been undertaken to investigate whether there is any relationship between retinopathy degree and leukocyte superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) activities and lipid peroxidation (LPO) in diabetic individuals with type 2 diabetic retinopathy. Patients were groupped with respect to the degree of retinopathy. Leukocyte malondialdehyde (MDA) levels, and SOD and CAT activities were measured in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (n=41) and nondiabetic healthy controls (n=23). Leukocyte LPO of the type 2 diabetic patients with retinopathy was significantly increased (p< 0.001), whereas SOD and CAT activities were decreased (p<0.001 and p<0.001, respectively) compared to those of controls. MDA concentrations rose while SOD and CAT activities fell with increasing severity of diabetic retinopathy, altough there was no significant difference in comprasion of the parameters mentioned above between the diabetic patients with and without retinopathy. Our results show that leukocytes in patients with type 2 diabetic retinopathy are affected by oxidative stress which might be contribute to pathogenesis of diabetic retinopathy. Prospective studies are needed to evaulate the relationship between the leukocyte antioxidants status and DR.

The risk factors associated with ultrasonic tissue characterization of carotid plaque in type 2 diabetic patients

2014 ◽  
Vol 28 (4) ◽  
pp. 523-527 ◽  
Author(s):  
Yoko Irie ◽  
Naoto Katakami ◽  
Hideaki Kaneto ◽  
Mitsuyoshi Takahara ◽  
Ken’ya Sakamoto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Carotid Plaque ◽  
Tissue Characterization ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

scholarly journals Prevalence of Metabolic Syndrome in Type 2 Diabetic Patients

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
Tina Uprety ◽  
Saroj Kunwar ◽  
Soumya Harsha Gurung ◽  
Shraddha Thapa ◽  
Sanjita Shrestha ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Risk Factors ◽  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Technical College ◽  
Cross Sectional Study ◽  
Diabetic Patients ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic Patients ◽  
Cross Sectional ◽  
Factors Associated ◽  
Type 2 Diabetic

Abstract ObjectiveMetabolic syndrome and diabetes mellitus concurrently potentiates a number of risk factors, significantly higher prevalence of cardiovascular diseases. Numerous risk factors associated with diabetes gets intensified by the presence of metabolic syndrome. Diabetes and metabolic syndrome together can increase the risk of cardiovascular disease by 2 to 4 folds. The main objective of this study was to determine the prevalence of MetS in Type 2 Diabetic patients. Components of metabolic syndrome were measured and compared to determine the prevalence. Hospital based cross-sectional study was conducted from September 2019 to December 2019 at Star hospital and Modern Technical College, Sanepa, Nepal. A total number of 353 patients with type 2 diabetes visiting Star Hospital were included in the study. ResultsAmong 353 participants, metabolic syndrome was diagnosed in 242 (68.5%) participants using NCEP-ATPIII criteria. The prevalence of MetS was 68.5% among which male were 123 (76.3%) and female were 119 (61.9%). MetS was found to be highest in age group of 50-59 years with 34.2% (83) participants. Dyslipidemia with raised TG 71.4% and reduced HDL 76% was found to be most prevalent component in our study followed by hypertension 73.1%.

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