scholarly journals Effects of Azospirillum brasilense applied along with herbicides on maize

2020 ◽  
pp. 1913-1919
Author(s):  
María Albana Di Palma ◽  
Paula Cardozo ◽  
Soledad Martin ◽  
Herminda Reinoso ◽  
Marta Dardanelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Path Analysis ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Green Mass

The aim of this study was to estimate the correlation coefficients and slicing the phenotypic correlations into direct and indirect effects by path analysis between morphoagronomic and bromatological traits in corn hybrids for silage. Nineteen topcross hybrids and five controls were assessed in a randomized block design with four replications in two environments (Campos dos Goytacazes and Itaocara, RJ), in the 2013/2014 agricultural year. Phenotypic correlations and path analysis were estimated between morphoagronomic (average plant height; average first ear height; average stem diameter; ear yield with husk at silage point; grain yield at silage point; green mass yield) and bromatological (dry matter; crude protein; neutral detergent fiber; lignin; crude fat and mineral matter) traits. The highest correlation estimates were obtained between dry matter and crude protein and between dry matter and neutral detergent fiber, with magnitudes of 0.97 and 0.98, respectively. The coefficient of determination was high, indicating that the assessed components explain much of the variation in the dry matter content. Path analysis showed that traits with highest direct effect on dry matter content were the yield of green mass, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, crude fat, and mineral matter associated to high correlations of 0.96, 0.97, 0.98, 0.90, and 0.96, respectively. The results showed the possibility of obtaining significant gains through indirect selection

scholarly journals Phenotypic correlations and path analysis between morphoagronomic and bromatological traits in corn hybrids for silage production

2020 ◽  
pp. 1905-1912
Author(s):  
Jocarla Ambrosim Crevelari ◽  
Nayara Norrene Lacerda Durães ◽  
Gabriel Moreno Bernardo Gonçalves ◽  
José Arantes Ferreira Júnior ◽  
Vivane Mirian Lanhellas Gonçalves ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Path Analysis ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Corn Hybrids ◽  
Phenotypic Correlations ◽  
Green Mass

The aim of this study was to estimate the correlation coefficients and slicing the phenotypic correlations into direct and indirect effects by path analysis between morphoagronomic and bromatological traits in corn hybrids for silage. Nineteen topcross hybrids and five controls were assessed in a randomized block design with four replications in two environments (Campos dos Goytacazes and Itaocara, RJ), in the 2013/2014 agricultural year. Phenotypic correlations and path analysis were estimated between morphoagronomic (average plant height; average first ear height; average stem diameter; ear yield with husk at silage point; grain yield at silage point; green mass yield) and bromatological (dry matter; crude protein; neutral detergent fiber; lignin; crude fat and mineral matter) traits. The highest correlation estimates were obtained between dry matter and crude protein and between dry matter and neutral detergent fiber, with magnitudes of 0.97 and 0.98, respectively. The coefficient of determination was high, indicating that the assessed components explain much of the variation in the dry matter content. Path analysis showed that traits with highest direct effect on dry matter content were the yield of green mass, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber, crude fat, and mineral matter associated to high correlations of 0.96, 0.97, 0.98, 0.90, and 0.96, respectively. The results showed the possibility of obtaining significant gains through indirect selection

scholarly journals Dry matter yield and bromatological composition of gliricidia in different crop densities

2016 ◽  
Vol 46 (6) ◽  
pp. 1038-1043
Author(s):  
Edivilson Silva Castro Filho ◽  
Evandro Neves Muniz ◽  
José Henrique de Albuquerque Rangel ◽  
Gladston Rafael de Arruda Santos ◽  
José Adelson Santana Neto ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Biomass Production ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Total Production ◽  
Fresh Matter ◽  
Year Effect

ABSTRACT: The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of different gliricidia planting densities on productive and qualitative parameters. The experiment was carried out at the Experimental Station Pedro Arle, Embrapa Tabuleiros Costeiros (Embrapa Coastal Tablelands), in Frei Paulo, Sergipe, Brazil. The effect of densities of 10,000; 20,000; 30,000 and 40,000 plants ha-1 was tested in biomass production (fresh and dry), dry matter content (DM), crude protein (CP), neutral detergent fiber (NDF), and acid-detergent fiber (ADF), in gliricidia leaves and tender stems. The experiment consisted of a randomized block design with four replications. Production of leaf and stem fresh biomass; production of leaf dry matter; percentage of fresh leaves in relation to the total fresh matter; and percentage of leaf dry matter of 13 cuttings were evaluated from September 2nd, 2009 to December 18th, 2013. There was increase in the production of total fresh matter, leaf fresh matter, and leaf dry matter (P<0.05) in planting densities greater than 20,000 plants ha-1. Year effect (P<0.05) was found only for total production of fresh matter, production of fresh leaves, percentage of leaf fresh matter, leaf dry matter content and crude protein.

scholarly journals Chemical composition and in situ degradability of silages from dual-purpose sorghum hybrids

2019 ◽  
Vol 40 (4) ◽  
pp. 1565
Author(s):  
Alex Lopes da Silva ◽  
Ricardo Loiola Edvan ◽  
Leilson Rocha Bezerra ◽  
Rafael Felippe Ratke ◽  
José Avelino Santos Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chemical Composition ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Dual Purpose ◽  
Protein Degradability

The objective was to determine chemical composition and in situ degradability for silages of dual-purpose sorghum hybrids. Twenty-five hybrids of double-purpose sorghum were investigated in a randomized block design with three replicates. Ammoniacal nitrogen (NH3-N), pH, chemical composition of the silage and in situ degradability were determined. Silage of the hybrids 9929012, 947216, 947030, 947254, 947072, 947252, 12F042066, 1141570 and 1141562 presented greater dry matter content, ranging from 402.9 to 470.7 g kg-1. The greatest crude protein content was presented by silages from the hybrids 9929036, 9929030, 12F042224, FEPAGRO19, FEPAGRO11, 9929026, 947030, 947072, 947252, 12F042226 and BRS Ponta Negra. The silage of hybrid 1141562 exhibited the lowest neutral detergent fiber content (588 g kg-1). The highest values of dry matter and crude protein degradability were observed in the silages of the hybrids 9929030, 947252, 947072, 12F042066 and 12F042226. The use of ensilage of the 9929030 and 12F042226 hybrids is recommended because these silages present a better chemical composition of dry matter, crude protein and neutral detergent fiber and better dry matter and crude protein degradability.

scholarly journals Agronomic and nutritional responses of Carajas elephant grass fertilized with protected and non-protected urea

2018 ◽  
Vol 39 (5) ◽  
pp. 2181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francisco Gleyson da Silveira Alves ◽  
Maria Socorro de Souza Carneiro ◽  
Ricardo Loiola Edvan ◽  
Magno José Duarte Cândido ◽  
Rafael Nogueira Furtado ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Stem Elongation ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Nitrogen Sources ◽  
Optimal Dose ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Additional Treatment ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Elephant Grass

The objective of this study was to assess the agronomic and nutritional responses of the elephant grass cultivar Carajas when subjected to fertilization with protected and conventional urea. A randomized block design with 4×2+1 factorial arrangement was adopted. The treatments consisted of four doses (100, 200, 400, and 800 kg N ha-1), two nitrogen sources (conventional and protected urea), and one additional treatment without fertilization. The experiment was carried out from October 2015 to March 2016, in a semi-arid region with a dystrophic yellow latosol type soil. The application of conventional urea was done with each of the multiple cuts performed per year, whereas the protected urea was applied in a single dose. Total senescence rate (TSR), leaf and stem elongation, height, tiller density, total forage biomass, green leaf and stem biomass, and dry matter all increased with increasing N doses. However, the phyllochron, live material/dead material ratio, and agronomic efficiency all decreased with N increasing dose. Plants fertilized with protected urea presented greater TSR and phyllochron. Mineral matter content was higher in plants fertilized with conventional urea. Neutral detergent fiber content was maximized at a dose of 437.63 kg N ha-1. The protected urea resulted in a higher value of leaf/stem ratio at the 400 kg N ha-1 dose, whereas ether extract and crude protein at the 800 kg N ha-1. With application of conventional urea, the highest crude protein value occurred at a dose of 100 kg N ha-1. The morphogenesis, structure, production, and chemical composition of elephant grass ‘Carajas’ were all positively influenced when nitrogen doses were increased, with the recommended optimal dose for use being 400 kg N ha-1 for both sources. The use of protected urea is recommended because of its slow release and need for only a single application.

Quality of sorghum silage in the feed-out period: evaluation of hybrids, silo layers, and mass structure

2021 ◽  
Vol 22 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mikael Neumann ◽  
Egon Henrique Horst ◽  
João Restle ◽  
Eduardo Rodrigues de Almeida ◽  
André Martins de Souza
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Fermentation Quality ◽  
Sorghum Silage

Abstract This study aimed to evaluate the chemical and fermentation quality of silage from two sorghum hybrids in different layers of the silo feed-out face, as well as the interference of the aerobic exposure time of structured and/or unstructured silo face (after feed-out). The AG-2005E hybrid silage presented higher crude protein content and higher pH compared to hybrid AG-60298 (6.33% and 4.0 versus 6.06% and 3.8, respectively). Silages from stratum 0 to 20cm had the lowest dry matter content and the highest crude protein content (38% and 6.35%, respectively). The pH did not differ between layers, and the NH3 content was higher in the stratum 60 to 80cm (4.5%). During 72 hours of aerobic exposure, the unstructured silage presented a higher increase in temperature than the silage from the structured face, but this period was not enough to result in differences in dry matter, mineral matter, NH3, and pH. The chemical and fermentation quality of the silage was directly influenced by hybrid and silo stratum. After aerobic exposure, silage from the structured face seems to suffer less interference compared to the silo feed-out face.

scholarly journals Chemical-bromatological characteristics of forage sorghum varieties irrigated with saline effluents from fish farming

2019 ◽  
Vol 10 (1) ◽  
pp. 195-202
Author(s):  
Welson Lima Simões ◽  
Miguel Julio Machado Guimarães ◽  
Gherman Garcia Leal de Araújo ◽  
Alexandre Fernandes Perazzo ◽  
Leticia Dos Santos Belfort Prates
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Fish Farming ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Semiarid Region ◽  
Mineral Matter ◽  
Forage Sorghum ◽  
Randomized Block Design ◽  
Saline Effluents

The objective of this work was to evaluate the chemical and bromatological characteristics of forage sorghum varieties subjected to different leaching fractions of saline effluents from fish farming in the Semiarid region of Brazil. The experiment was conducted in a randomized block design, in a 3×4 factorial arrangement with four replications, consisting of three forage sorghum varieties (Volumax, F305, and Sudão) and four leaching fractions (0%, 5%, 10%, and 15%) of saline (electrical conductivity of 2.5 dS m-1) effluent from fish farming. The organic matter, dry matter, mineral matter, crude protein, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber, lignin, hemicellulose, and cellulose contents of the plants were evaluated. The crude protein contents of the plant components, and mineral matter content of leaves and panicles increased, and the NDF of leaves decreased in treatments with the highest leaching fractions. The F305 variety presented better chemical-bromatological characteristics compared to the other sorghum varieties evaluated.

scholarly journals Determination of the appropriate level of manure fertilisation for Moringa oleifera grown for animal feed

2021 ◽  
Vol 63 (2) ◽  
pp. 58-63
Author(s):  
Tran Thi Hoan ◽  
◽  
Tu Quang Hien ◽  
Mai Anh Khoa ◽  
Tu Quang Trung ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Animal Feed ◽  
Block Design ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Chicken Manure ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Crude Fibre ◽  
Green Fodder ◽  
Cutting Height

The purpose of this study is to determine the appropriate level of chicken manure for the green fodder M. oleifera grown for leaf meal production as a supplement into poultry diet to improve poultry product quality (i.e., meat and egg). The experiment was conducted at Thai Nguyen University of Agriculture and Forestry, Vietnam, for two years from 2018 to 2019. The experiment consisted of four treatments (NT) represented by four different levels of chicken manure, namely, 0 tons (NT1), 10 tons (NT2), 20 tons (NT3) and 30 tons/ha/yr (NT4). Each treatment was carried out over an area of 24 m2 with 5 replicates. The experiment was the complete randomised block design. Other factors such as plantation density, nitrogen, phosphate, potassium fertiliser levels, cutting height, and cutting intervals, etc., were similar among treatments. The results showed that the leaf dry matter yield of NT1 through NT4 was 6.919, 8.131, 8.975, and 9.494 tons/ha/yr, respectively. That of the leaf crude protein was 2.244, 2.694, 3.073, and 3.357 tons/ha/yr, respectively. Increasing manure levels from 0 to 30 tons/ha/yr decreased the dry matter content in the leaves by 1.43%, increased the crude protein in leaf dry matter basic by 2.93%, and decreased crude fibre in the leaf dry matter basic by 2.24%. Based on these results and data from statistical analysis, the most appropriate level of chicken manure application for M. oleifera was at 20 tons/ha/yr.

scholarly journals Efecto de la densidad de siembra sobre el rendimiento y calidad del forraje de maíz.

2006 ◽  
Vol 12 (2) ◽  
pp. 181 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jorge Elizondo ◽  
Carlos Boschini
Keyword(s):  
Protein Content ◽  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Crude Protein Content ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Plant Densities ◽  
Different Parts

The experiment was condunted at the Alfredo Volio Mata Experimental Station of the University of Costa Rica, located at 1542 meters above sea level. The purpose was to determine the effect of plant density on total forage mass and the nutritive value of corn. Three diferent plant distances were used: 30 x 70 cm, 50 x 70 cm and 70 x 70 cm resulting in 47619, 28600 and 20449 plants per hectare, respectively. The first sampling was taken out 42 days after establishment and every two weeks thereafter, until 126 days. Dry matter, crude protein, ashes, neutral detergent fiber (NDF), acid detergent fiber (ADF) and lignin were analyzed for different parts of the plant. The values for celulose and hemicelulose were calculated. Total forage mass (kg/ha) was greater at higher plant densities. Dry matter content of leaves was higher than in stems, all of the plant densities. No significant difference (P<0,05) was found for crude protein content in the different parts of the plant. ADF was always higher in stems than in leaves. Stage of growth considerably affects biomass yield and nutritional quality of fodder. Before 70 days the dry matter content in leaves was higher than in stems. Latter accumulation of dry matter in stems was greater than in leaves. Crude protein content in leaves was over 18% during the first 70 days, then decreases a level of 13% at the end of the period. The lowest value of ADF was found before 84 days in leaves and stems. Under the enviromental conditions of this experiment, it appears that plant densities of about 48000 plants per hectare are optimal.

scholarly journals PRODUCTIVITY OF ALFALFA DEPENDENT FROM VARIETY FEATURES AND HYDRO-THERMAL CONDITIONS OF THE RIGHT BANK FOREST STEPPE

2020 ◽  
pp. 143-155
Author(s):  
Nadiya Hetman ◽  
Maksym Kvitko
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Growing Season ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Forest Steppe ◽  
Row Spacing ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Seeding Rate ◽  
Green Mass ◽  
The Right

The article presents the results of studies of the effect of seeding rates and row spacing on the forage productivity of different alfalfa ecotypes when mowing grass in the flowering stage. In the soil-climatic conditions of the right bank forest-steppe irrespective of the effect of abiotic and biotic factors during the growing season, high adaptability of alfalfa of the southern ecotype of the Angelica variety was established, which formed a stable crop of green mass at the optimal seeding rate (8,0 million/ha) and width 12,5 cm. For an average of two years of grass use, the varieties of alfalfa Rosana and Angelica provided a yield of green mass of 62,96-64,02 t/ha, which was 11,1-14,9% higher than for sowing with the norm of sowing 4,0 million/ha, and 6,3-7,1% with row spacing half (25,0 cm). It was found that in two years of use of alfalfa Angelica variety had higher dry matter content, compared with the variety of Rosana and were respectively 23,05 and 22,98%. There was a gradual decrease in the dry matter content with a thickening of the herbage in the Rosana variety from 23,32 to 22,72% and from the Angelica variety from 23,31 to 22,84%. As the row spacing increased from 12,5 to 25,0 cm, the solids content increased by 0,28-0,62%, or 22,74-22,84 and 23,12-23,36%. The crude protein content in the dry matter of alfalfa plants of both varieties differed by slopes and years of herb use. The highest content of crude protein was obtained in the dry matter for sowing with a row spacing of 12,5 cm, which averaged 21,10% in the Rosana variety and 20,23% in the Angelica variety or increased by 0,79-0,87%, compared to the row spacing of 25,0 cm. Thus, irrespective of the hydrothermal conditions during the growing season of the studied varieties of alfalfa sowing Rosana and Angelika, the average yield of dry matter at the level of 13,64-13,93 and 2,76-2,88 t/ha of crude protein at the width of row 12,5 cm. Key words: alfalfa, variety, flowering start, crude protein, dry matter, yield, green mass.

scholarly journals Nutritional characteristics of sorghum hybrids hay (sorghum sudanense x sorghum bicolor)

2017 ◽  
Vol 39 (3) ◽  
pp. 229 ◽  
Author(s):  
Mário Henrique Melo e Lima ◽  
Daniel Ananias de Assis Pires ◽  
Marielly Maria Almeida Moura ◽  
Renê Ferreira Costa ◽  
José Avelino Santos Rodrigues ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Crude Protein ◽  
Dry Matter ◽  
Nutritional Value ◽  
Matter Content ◽  
Neutral Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Content ◽  
Acid Detergent Fiber ◽  
Dry Matter Digestibility ◽  
Extract Content ◽  
Nutritional Characteristics

This study evaluated the nutritional characteristics of hay of nineteen hybrids between sorghum and Sudan grass. The experimental design was a randomized block with nineteen treatments and three replications. The chemical characteristics of the respective hays were analyzed 52 days after sowing and 45 and 49 regrowth days. Data were analyzed by analysis of variance, and when the F test was significant, the treatment means were compared by the Scott and Knott test at 5%. Genotypes 1013026 and 1014020 showed similar dry matter content. As for ether extract content, the highest values ranged from 2.20 to 2.66%. Higher values of minerals were observed in hybrids 1013026 and 1011005. In relation to crude protein, higher content values were reported for hybrids 1013021 and 1013020 (14.59 and 15.47% CP). When evaluating the neutral detergent fiber content, lower values varied between 56.05 and 57.07% for hybrids 1013016 and 1011009. Considering the content of acid detergent fiber, values ranged from 32.70 to 35.78%. Values of dry matter digestibility were higher than 50%. All hybrids provide quality hay, however the hybrid 1014019 showed the best nutritional value. 

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