General principles of regulation of pre-implantation genetic diagnosis: the definition of Russian prospects taking into account foreign experience

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.A. Altinnik , V.V. Komarova , M.A. Borodina et all
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Genetic Diagnosis ◽  
Professional Community ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Basic Principles ◽  
Reproductive Freedom ◽  
Domestic Legislation ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Definition Of

The article is devoted to the problem of determining the basic principles of the legal regulation of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) in the Russian Federation, taking into account existing international experience. It is substantiated that the development of national legislation in this area should include the legal definition of PGD as one of the stages of using assisted reproductive technologies, as well as the establishment of generally binding requirements for the procedure, conditions and features of the diagnosis, taking into account the need to minimize the damage caused to the embryo. A comprehensive model for the development of domestic legislation and law enforcement is proposed, the content of which includes state guarantees and restrictions harmoniously complemented by ethical requirements developed by the professional community of specialists in genetics, extending the content of the process of genetic counseling for PGD, interpretation of research results and ensuring compliance with the principle of reproductive freedom in deciding on the results of diagnosis.

Formation of the concept of legal regulation of preimplantation genetic diagnosis in the Russian Federation in the context of ensuring and protecting reproductive freedom of the individual

2020 ◽  
Author(s):  
V.V. Komarova , N.A. Altinnik , G.N. Suvorov
Keyword(s):  
Preimplantation Genetic Diagnosis ◽  
Russian Federation ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Medical Science ◽  
Genetic Diagnosis ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Reproductive Freedom ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Individual

Objectives. The aim of this study is the formation of a concept of preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD) in the Russian Federation in the context of ensuring and protecting reproductive freedom of the individual. Material. The regulatory legal acts, the doctrinal sources of the Russian Federation are examined to identify key problems that impede the formation of the desired concept. Methods used: general philosophical, general scientific, private scientific, special (structural-legal, formal-legal). Results. The basic postulates of the concept of legal regulation of PGD in the Russian Federation are substantiated. As part of the analysis of domestic legislation, key problems are identified that impede the formation of the desired concept that meets the level of development of medical science and the needs of consumers of medical services. The conclusion is justified that it is necessary to fix at the legislative level the place of pre-plantation genetic tests in the assisted reproductive technologies system, thus giving PGD independent significance outside the context of the problems of infertility treatment. It has been argued that, in addition to the norms of the basic law on protecting the health of citizens, a separate sub-legislative normative legal act of the Ministry of Health of the Russian Federation should be developed in the system of legal regulation of PGD in Russia, forming a set of mandatory requirements for the PGD procedure, depending on diagnostic goals, as well as determining which methods are preferable depending on the goal and what results the consumer can count on. Conclusions. It is noted that in the system of norms on genetic research, special attention should be paid to genetic counseling, establishing mandatory requirements for the content of the consultation - in relation to PGD, this should include explanations regarding the algorithm and method of the study, the possibilities and limitations of this type of diagnosis for each a particular case, the features of its application to solve a single genetic problem.

Features of regulatory regulation of genetic research in the framework of prenatal diagnosis in the Russian Federation

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
M.V. Medvedev , G.N. Suvorov , S.S. Zenin
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Genetic Research ◽  
Genetic Diagnosis ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
New Techniques ◽  
Legal Norms ◽  
Molecular Genetic Diagnosis ◽  
The Russian Federation

The formation of new trends in the development of molecular genetic diagnosis has allowed to use this knowledge to identify pathologies of the child's development before his birth at the prenatal level. The use of new assisted reproductive technologies(art), aimed at combating infertility, allows to postpone this period even before the implantation of the embryo of the future mother. The use of new techniques should be carried out only for medical reasons, but the mechanism of their legal regulation has not been formed to date, which may be the basis for the use of genetic research carried out within the framework of art in the context of medical expediency. The above allows us to raise the question of the need to develop special legal norms that allow to solve the problem only from the perspective of modern bioethical ideas, but also from the perspective of the formation of law enforcement practice in this area.

Legal restrictions on pre-implantation genetic diagnostics in the framework of in vitro fertilization procedure: foreign experience and Russian perspective

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.A. Altinnik , S.S. Zenin , V.V. Komarova et all
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Genetic Diseases ◽  
Genetic Diagnosis ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Genetic Diagnostics ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Medical Indications

The article discusses the factors that determine the content of the legal limitations of pre-implantation genetic diagnosis in the framework of the in vitro fertilization procedure, taking into account international experience and modern domestic regulatory legal regulation of the field of assisted reproductive technologies. The authors substantiates the conclusion that it is necessary to legislate a list of medical indications for preimplantation genetic diagnosis, as well as the categories of hereditary or other genetic diseases diagnosed in the framework of this procedure.

Law in Ensuring the Safety of Genetic Technologies Against their Use for Criminal Purposes

Lex Russica ◽  
2020 ◽  
pp. 47-53
Author(s):  
N. V. Kruchinina
Keyword(s):  
Legal Status ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Legal Framework ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Human Reproduction ◽  
Economic Progress ◽  
Genetic Technologies ◽  
Criminal Groups ◽  
Definition Of

Genetic technologies offer wide prospects for socio-economic progress. At the same time, their application in practice could put at stake the interests of society, human rights and freedoms. Therefore, the development of genetic technologies requires its analysis from the standpoint of jurisprudence, thoughtful legislative regulation and protection from uncontrolled spread and criminal use. The paper analyzes different points of view on the use of genetic technologies. The author substantiates the necessity of proper legal regulation and security of the process of development of genetic technologies. The paper contains the results of the scientific research. The paper elucidates the problems related to the use of genetic technologies in the process of artificial human reproduction: imperfection of the legal framework (In particular, lack of the definition of the legal status of human embryo, lack of justification for the legality of its use for research and therapeutic purposes), the threat of the use of genetic technologies for criminal purposes. The author concludes that the use of genetic technologies for criminal purposes is especially dangerous because organized criminal groups focus their attention on genetic technologies. This gives rise to a special criminal situation that requires new approaches for effective counteraction. To this end, the priority is given to identification of crimes committed with the use of genetic technologies and analysis of the emerging practice of investigating this category of crimes. Failure to comply with standards, deviation from regulations and procedures imposed on medical care may result in harm to health or death also when the assisted reproductive technologies are used. The author has made some proposals to solve these problems with due regard to domestic and foreign experience in the use of genetic technologies in the field of human artificial reproduction (in particular, it is proposed to establish effective international cooperation in this area).

scholarly journals FEATURES OF LEGAL REGULATION OF GENOMIC RESEARCHES: FAILURES, SECURITY CONCERNS AND PROSPECTS

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (1) ◽  
pp. 145-152
Author(s):  
A.A. Mokhov ◽  
A.N. Yavorsky ◽  
A.R. Pozdeev
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Genetic Diseases ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Poor Quality ◽  
Federal Law ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Public Health Protection ◽  
Genetic Consultation

The urgency of the article is determined by the need to ensure biological and ecological safety of Russia. The article gives examples of failures of auxiliary reproductive technologies in the Russian Federation and abroad which at present do not have adequate algorithms of legal resolution and are unsafe for ecology and man. Investigating the existing Russian legislation it has been revealed that passing only of obligatory medico-genetic consultation and incomplete medico-genetic inspection with approximate assessment of the genetic status of the donor does not exclude development of the fetus with severe genetic diseases, which is considered by the consumer of the service as poor quality and unsafe. It is noted that in cases of use of biomaterials from abroad, a comparative study of the genome becomes unlikely due to paragraph 7 of Art. 55 of the Federal Law of 21.11.2011 № 323-FZ "On the fundamentals of public health protection in the Russian Federation" and the order of the Ministry of Health of Russia from 30.08.2012. (ed. 01.02.2018) № 107n "On the order of using assisted reproductive technologies, contraindications and restrictions on their use". The conclusion was drawn on the need to develop and fix organizational and legal mechanisms and develop appropriate procedures.

POTENTIAL OF BANK CURRENCY TRANSACTIONS WITH CRYPTOCURRENCY IN RUSSIA

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Юлия Борисовна Арон ◽  
Елена Валерьевна Жегалова
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Banking System ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Actual Problem ◽  
Digital Currency ◽  
Russian Economy ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Definition Of

В статье рассматривается актуальная проблема интеграции крипто-валюты в банковскую систему РФ. Авторами предлагается определение криптовалюты, обосновывается востребованность использования цифровой валюты в экономике. Рассматривается специфика современного правового регулирования операций с криптовалютой и перспективы его развития в российской экономике. The article deals with the actual problem of integrating cryptocurrency into the banking system of the Russian Federation. The authors propose a definition of cryptocurrency, substantiate the demand for the use of digital currency in the economy. The article considers the specifics of modern legal regulation of cryptocurrency transactions and the prospects for its development in the Russian economy.

Features of legal regulation of the state debt of the Russian Federation subject in the context of changes in budget legislation

2020 ◽  
pp. 98-104
Author(s):  
Iu. K. Tsaregradskaya
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Public Debt ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Maximum Amount ◽  
The State ◽  
Debt Management ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
Public Debt Management ◽  
Definition Of

The main changes in the budget legislation related to digitalization and public debt managementof the Russian Federation, that are manifested in the functioning of the electronic budget of the state and the consolidation of the legal definition of "public debt management", are considered. The author concludes that currently the legislator pays special attention to the issues of setting the upper limit of public debt, the maximum amount of borrowing by the subjects of the Russian Federation, as well as determining the debt sustainability of regions. Foreign experience of regulating such issues is analyzed on the example of a number of countries-Germany, Spain and Italy. Subjects of the Russian Federation with different debt loads are considered, as well as trends related to its increase or change. Also the possibilities of assigning the region to one of the groups with a certain level of debt stability of the subject are analyzed.

scholarly journals Assisted reproductive technologies: correlation between public law and private law principles

2021 ◽  
pp. 59-68
Author(s):  
Anna Rolandovna Purge
Keyword(s):  
Russian Federation ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Public Law ◽  
Private Law ◽  
Special Contribution ◽  
Assisted Reproduction Technologies ◽  
The Subject ◽  
The Russian Federation ◽  
The Republic

The object of this research is the correlation between public law and private law principles in the context regulation of the use of assisted reproductive technologies in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Tajikistan. The subject of this research is the norms of the Russian and Tajik legislation that regulates the procedure of using assisted reproduction technologies, as well as public law and private law principles of their regulation. The scientific novelty of this work lies in carrying out a comprehensive analysis of the relevant problematic on correlation between public law and private law principles in the context of regulation of the use of assisted reproductive technologies in the Russian Federation and the Republic of Tajikistan (taking into account the contradiction and conflicts of law of these legal relations). The author’s special contribution lies formulation of the original proposals for the progressive solution to the problem of correlation between public law and private law principles in regulation of the use of assisted reproductive technologies in the territory of the Russian Federation and the Republic of Tajikistan.

scholarly journals Embryologist's Job in Assisted Reproductive Technologies and in Vitro Fertilization

2021 ◽  
pp. 108-115
Author(s):  
Harsimrat Kaur ◽  
Ram Dayal ◽  
Kamla Singh
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Screening ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Genetic Diagnosis ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Fertility Treatment ◽  
Medical Professionals ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Laboratory Environment ◽  
Reproductive Research

What exactly does an embryologist do? is one of the most common question asked by patients and the possible answer could be that embryologist is the child’s first watchperson. The ability to grow embryos in laboratory environment was a huge scientific achievement. Scientists and Embryologists are involved in reproductive research and fertility treatment. The embryologist has a huge role to play in IVF/ICSI process and the contribution of embryologist is no less than infertility consultant. They might not be doctors, but they are highly trained medical professionals, holding a master’s degree or Ph.D. due to specialized nature of work. They are responsible for management and maintenance of laboratory used in creating embryos as well as monitoring those embryos. The important activities that embryologist does are maintaining the embryology lab (temperature, humidity, CO2 cylinder, diffusion gas and pH), oocyte screening during ovum pickup (OPU), incubation and checking of fertilization, embryo transfer, vitrification and embryo biopsy for pre-implantation genetic screening (PGS) or pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD).

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