scholarly journals Embryologist's Job in Assisted Reproductive Technologies and in Vitro Fertilization

2021 ◽  
pp. 108-115
Author(s):  
Harsimrat Kaur ◽  
Ram Dayal ◽  
Kamla Singh
Keyword(s):  
Genetic Screening ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Genetic Diagnosis ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Fertility Treatment ◽  
Medical Professionals ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Laboratory Environment ◽  
Reproductive Research

What exactly does an embryologist do? is one of the most common question asked by patients and the possible answer could be that embryologist is the child’s first watchperson. The ability to grow embryos in laboratory environment was a huge scientific achievement. Scientists and Embryologists are involved in reproductive research and fertility treatment. The embryologist has a huge role to play in IVF/ICSI process and the contribution of embryologist is no less than infertility consultant. They might not be doctors, but they are highly trained medical professionals, holding a master’s degree or Ph.D. due to specialized nature of work. They are responsible for management and maintenance of laboratory used in creating embryos as well as monitoring those embryos. The important activities that embryologist does are maintaining the embryology lab (temperature, humidity, CO2 cylinder, diffusion gas and pH), oocyte screening during ovum pickup (OPU), incubation and checking of fertilization, embryo transfer, vitrification and embryo biopsy for pre-implantation genetic screening (PGS) or pre-implantation genetic diagnosis (PGD).

Legal restrictions on pre-implantation genetic diagnostics in the framework of in vitro fertilization procedure: foreign experience and Russian perspective

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
N.A. Altinnik , S.S. Zenin , V.V. Komarova et all
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Genetic Diseases ◽  
Genetic Diagnosis ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Legal Regulation ◽  
Genetic Diagnostics ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Medical Indications

The article discusses the factors that determine the content of the legal limitations of pre-implantation genetic diagnosis in the framework of the in vitro fertilization procedure, taking into account international experience and modern domestic regulatory legal regulation of the field of assisted reproductive technologies. The authors substantiates the conclusion that it is necessary to legislate a list of medical indications for preimplantation genetic diagnosis, as well as the categories of hereditary or other genetic diseases diagnosed in the framework of this procedure.

The combination of polymorphisms of genes PAI-1 -675 5G>4G, FXIII: Val34Leu G>T and ITGA2: 807 C>T in women with infertility can be considered as a predictor of failures of assisted reproductive technologies

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
С.И. Сафиуллина ◽  
Я.Н. Котова ◽  
Е.С. Ворошилина ◽  
Н.А. Илизарова ◽  
Л.Ш. Ягудина ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Treatment Effectiveness ◽  
Risk Groups ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Fertility Treatment ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Ivf Failure ◽  
Pai 1

Введение. Результативность программ вспомогательных репродуктивных технологий остается неизменно низкой и не превышает 40 по числу положительных результатов хорионического гонадотропина человека и 23 по коэффициенту рождаемости. Актуальны новые способы увеличения эффективности лечения методом экстракорпорального оплодотворения (ЭКО) и вынашивания наступившей беременности. Цель исследования: на основании исследования генов полиморфизмов системы гемостаза выделить группы риска неудачных исходов программ ЭКО у женщин с бесплодием. Материалы и методы. Изучена когорта 130 женщин, планирующих лечение бесплодия методом ЭКО, и 49 женщин группы контроля. У всех женщин исследованы наиболее распространенные полиморфизмы системы гемостаза: FV: 1691 GA, FII: 20210 GA, FXIII: Val34Leu GT, FGB: 455 GA, ITGA2: 807 СT, ITGB3: 1565 TC, PAI 1: 675 5G4G методом полимеразной цепной реакции, выполнено сравнение их распространенности с аналогичными показателями контрольной группы. Проанализированы частоты встречаемости и значимости изученных полиморфизмов в 140 протоколах с переносом эмбрионов в зависимости от исхода. Результаты. У женщин с бесплодием, планирующих проведение программы ЭКО, не обнаружено достоверных различий в частоте распространенности изученных полиморфизмов системы гемостаза по сравнению с контрольной группой. Установлена достоверно высокая частота распространения триады полиморфизмов PAI1: 675 4G/4G, ITGA2: 807 СT и FХIII: Val34Leu GT у женщин с отрицательными исходами программы ЭКО по сравнению с положительными исходами. Заключение. Перспективно выделение группы риска неудач ЭКО на основании результатов генетического тестирования полиморфизмов системы гемостаза. Introduction. The effectiveness of assisted reproductive technology programs remains consistently low and does not exceed 40 in the number of positive results of human chorionic gonadotropin and 23 in terms of the birth rate. New ways of increasing the treatment effectiveness with in vitro fertilization (IVF) and carrying the new pregnancy are actual. Aim: to identify risk groups of IVF unsuccessful outcomes in women with infertility by studying of hemostasis genes polymorphisms. Materials and methods. We examined 130 women planning fertility treatment using IVF and 49 women as a control group. In all women we studied the most common hemostasis polymorphisms: FV: 1691 GA, FII: 20210 GA, FXIII: Val34Leu GT, FGB: 455 GA, ITGA2: 807 СT, ITGB3: 1565 TC, PAI1: 675 5G4G by polymerase chain reaction, and compared their prevalence with similar parameters of the control group. We analyzed the frequency of occurrence and significance of studied polymorphisms in 140 protocols with embryo transfer in dependence to outcome. Results. In women with infertility planning IVF program, there were no significant differences in the prevalence rate of studied hemostasis polymorphisms in comparison with the control group. We revealed significantly high frequency of 3 polymorphisms occurrence PAI1: 675 4G/4G, ITGA2: 807 CT and FХIII: Val34Leu GT in women with negative outcomes of IVF program in comparison with positive outcomes. Conclusion. Identification of risk groups of IVF failure based on the results of genetic testing of hemostasis polymorphisms is promising.

Assisted reproductive technologies and monozygous twins: implications for future study and clinical practice

Twin Research ◽  
2000 ◽  
Vol 3 (4) ◽  
pp. 217-223 ◽  
Author(s):  
E Scott Sills ◽  
Michael J Tucker ◽  
Gianpiero D Palermo
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Fertility Treatment ◽  
Assisted Hatching ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Culture Techniques ◽  
Medical Hypothesis ◽  
Mz Twins

AbstractThat the zona pellucida (ZP) plays a prominent role in the physiology of some human twinning is an attractive, albeit incompletely proven, medical hypothesis. Indeed, an association has been proposed between manipulation of the ZP and/or native ZP microarchitecture and monozygotic (MZ) twins. Ovulation induction also has been theoretically linked to in vivo ZP alterations facilitating MZ twin development. In vitro fertilization (IVF) relies on necessary (and, in some cases extended) embryo culture techniques potentially creating subtle ZP changes and subsequent MZ twinning. With growing experience in the assisted reproductive technologies and particularly IVF, some preliminary reports have noted an increased frequency of MZ twins after procedures that artificially breach the ZP (i.e., intracytoplasmic sperm injection [ICSI], or ‘assisted hatching’). Such ZP manipulations ostensibly enhance oocyte fertilization or facilitate blastocyst hatching, thus improving pregnancy rates for couples undergoing fertility treatment. Evidence exists both to challenge and support the connection between these phenomena and MZ twins. This report outlines the fundamental embryological processes believed responsible for these conflicting observations; the current literature on the subject of human ZP micro-manipulation and MZ twins is also discussed. Twin Research (2000) 3, 217–223.

scholarly journals The health status of children born through assisted reproductive technologies: probable risks and possible complications

2018 ◽  
Vol 12 (3) ◽  
pp. 56-63
Author(s):  
E. G. Pitskhelauri ◽  
A. N. Strizhakov ◽  
E. B. Timokhina ◽  
V. S. Belousova ◽  
I. M. Bogomazova ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Health Status ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Genetic Diagnosis ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Favorable Effect ◽  
Negative Consequences ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Health And Development

Most of the negative consequences for the health and development of children born through assisted reproductive technologies are related to health status of their mothers, i.e. infertility, age and the related metabolic, genetic and epigenetic changes affecting the quality of gametes and pregnancy. Improvement of the current techniques of in vitro fertilization, preimplantation genetic diagnosis and other preventive measures will have a favorable effect on the health status of such children.

Assisted Reproductive Technology and Reproductive Options for the At-Risk Couple

2018 ◽  
Author(s):  
Amber Mathiesen ◽  
Kali Roy
Keyword(s):  
At Risk ◽  
In Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technology ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Genetic Diagnosis ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Technology ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Increased Risk

For those with an increased risk of having a child with a genetic condition, reproductive options include avoiding pregnancy altogether, undertaking prenatal diagnosis in a current pregnancy, and preventing the transmission of the genetic changes responsible for the condition to a child. This chapter on assisted reproductive technology and reproductive options for the at-risk couple describes the basic techniques of assisted reproductive technologies as well as reproductive testing options prior to in vitro fertilization, including preimplantation genetic screening (PGS) and preimplantation genetic diagnosis (PGD). It includes a brief overview of ovarian stimulation, intrauterine insemination (IUI), and in vitro fertilization. This chapter discusses the details of PGS including the process and its limitations. It also includes a discussion of PGD, including the process, such as linkage analysis, and limitations, such as allele dropout.

Designing Babies

2019 ◽  
Author(s):  
Robert Klitzman
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Full Range ◽  
Genetic Diagnosis ◽  
The United States ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Test Tube ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Social Challenges ◽  
Commercial Market

Since the first “test tube baby” was born over 40 years ago, in vitro fertilization and other assisted reproductive technologies (ARTs) have advanced in extraordinary ways, producing millions of babies. About 20% of Americans use infertility services, and that number is growing. ARTs enable gay and lesbian couples, single parents, and now others to have offspring. Prospective parents can also use preimplantation genetic diagnosis to avoid passing on certain mutations to their children and to avoid abortions of fetuses with these mutations. Other future parents routinely choose the sex of their child and whether to give birth to twins. In the United States, these procedures are largely unregulated, and a large commercial market has rapidly grown, using “egg donors,” buying and selling human eggs and sperm, and using gestational surrogates. Potential parents; policymakers; doctors, including reproductive endocrinologists; and others thus face critical complex questions about the use—or possible misuse—of ARTs. This book examines ethical, social, and policy questions about these crucial technologies. Based on in-depth interviews, Robert Klitzman explores how doctors and patients struggle with quandaries of whether, when, and how to use ARTs. He articulates the full range of these crucial issues, from economic pressures to moral and social challenges of making decisions that will profoundly shape these offspring. The book explores, too, broader social and moral questions regarding gene editing, CRISPR, and eugenics. Klitzman argues for closer regulation of these technologies, which are altering future generations and the human species as a whole.

The experience of holding the cycles of assisted reproductive technology with defrost, a biopsy, genetic study and refreezing of embryos in patients with multiple unsuccessful implantations

2016 ◽  
pp. 166-170
Author(s):  
Y.V. Masliy ◽  
◽  
I.O. Sudoma ◽  
P.S. Mazur ◽  
D.A. Mykytenko ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Chromosomal Rearrangements ◽  
Genetic Diagnosis ◽  
Morphological Characteristics ◽  
Implantation Rate ◽  
Ovarian Response ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Comparative Genome Hybridization ◽  
Comparative Genome ◽  
Vitro Fertilization

The objective: to study the possibility of using frozen blastocysts for biopsy and genetic testing and performance measurement transfer euploeded 5–7-day-old embryos after thawing, biopsies, refreezing and thawing in patients with unsuccessful implantation. Patients and methods. The object of the study was the group of patients with repeated failure of implantation (4) in programs of auxiliary reproductive technologies (ART), subject to transfer to the uterus in total (i.e. in all the programs) for at least 6 good quality embryos based on morphological characteristics). All women had sufficient ovarian reserve. The patient was treated for infertility within the ART programs of the clinic of reproductive medicine "Nadiya" in the period from 2006 to 2016. The sample included couples who were not carriers of chromosomal rearrangements, without anomalies of the uterus (congenital and acquired: a doubling of the uterus, one-horned uterus, intrauterine membrane, synechia, submucous myoma of the uterus). All women had a positive ovarian response to controlled stimulation with gonadotropins (at least 7 oocytes) and a sufficient number of cryopreserved embryos. The first group (G1) included 64 women who trophectodermal a biopsy was performed on fresh blastocysts (in a loop controlled ovarian hyperstimulation). The second group (G2) were included 31 women who underwent thawing previously cryopreserved blastocysts trophectodermal re-biopsy and vitrification of blastocysts. Results. It was found that the performance of transfers euploid embryos that were vitrified, bioptrone and revitriphted, a little lower than those that were bioptrone fresh and vitrified only once. At the same time computationa genetic diagnosis previously vitrified blastocysts using comparative genome hybridization in patients with recurrent failed implantation allows to obtain a reasonable pregnancy rate (58%), implantation rate (33.3 %) and the birth of living children (45.1 %). Conclusion. Reprising biopropane embryos does not cause significant destructive impact and allows you to achieve pregnancy and birth of the alive child. Key words: in vitro fertilization, reusable unsuccessful implantation, a method of comparative genome hybridization, refreezing.

Thickness of endometrium: predictor of the effectiveness of IVF/ICSI programs (literature review)

GYNECOLOGY ◽  
2018 ◽  
Vol 20 (1) ◽  
pp. 113-116
Author(s):  
L A Bagdasaryan ◽  
I E Korneyeva
Keyword(s):  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Endometrial Thickness ◽  
Molecular Genetic ◽  
Uterine Cavity ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Genetic Characteristics ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Need To Evaluate ◽  
The Relationship

The aim of the study is to systematically analyze the data available in the modern literature on the relationship between endometrial thickness and the frequency of pregnancy in the program of assisted reproductive technologies (ART). Materials and methods. The review includes data from foreign and domestic articles found in PubMed on this topic. Results. The article presents data on the relationship between the thickness of the endometrium and the frequency of pregnancy in ART programs. The greatest number of studies is devoted to the evaluation of the relationship between the thickness of the endometrium and the frequency of pregnancy on the day of the ovulation trigger. Data are presented on the existence of a correlation between the thickness of the endometrium measured on the day of the ovulation trigger and the frequency of clinical pregnancy, as well as data on the need to evaluate the structure of the endometrium and the state of subendometric blood flow. The importance of multilayered (three-layered) endometrium as a prognostic marker of success in in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection programs in the ovum is emphasized. The conclusion. The thickness of the endometrium can not be used as an argument for canceling the cycle or abolishing embryo transfer to the uterine cavity. Further studies in this direction are needed with a study of the morphological and molecular genetic characteristics of the endometrium, which in the future will allow us to evaluate the relationship between the thickness of the endometrium and the probability of pregnancy.

scholarly journals Prevalence of pathogenic copy number variants among children conceived by donor oocyte

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Sandra Monfort ◽  
Carmen Orellana ◽  
Silvestre Oltra ◽  
Mónica Rosello ◽  
Alfonso Caro-Llopis ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Copy Number ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Copy Number Variants ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Significant Excess ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Donor Oocyte ◽  
Increased Risk

AbstractDevelopment of assisted reproductive technologies to address infertility has favored the birth of many children in the last years. The majority of children born with these treatments are healthy, but some concerns remain on the safety of these medical procedures. We have retrospectively analyzed both the fertilization method and the microarray results in all those children born between 2010 and 2019 with multiple congenital anomalies, developmental delay and/or autistic spectrum disorder (n = 486) referred for array study in our center. This analysis showed a significant excess of pathogenic copy number variants among those patients conceived after in vitro fertilization with donor oocyte with respect to those patients conceived by natural fertilization (p = 0.0001). On the other hand, no significant excess of pathogenic copy number variants was observed among patients born by autologous oocyte in vitro fertilization. Further studies are necessary to confirm these results and in order to identify the factors that may contribute to an increased risk of genomic rearrangements, as well as consider the screening for genomic alterations after oocyte donation in prenatal diagnosis.

scholarly journals Sperm Selection Procedures for Optimizing the Outcome of ICSI in Patients with NOA

2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (12) ◽  
pp. 2687
Author(s):  
Kaan Aydos ◽  
Oya Sena Aydos
Keyword(s):  
In Vitro Selection ◽  
Assisted Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Reproductive Technologies ◽  
Testicular Sperm Extraction ◽  
Obstructive Azoospermia ◽  
Sperm Retrieval ◽  
Vitro Fertilization ◽  
Great Hope ◽  
Future Fertility

Retrieving spermatozoa from the testicles has been a great hope for patients with non-obstructive azoospermia (NOA), but relevant methods have not yet been developed to the level necessary to provide resolutions for all cases of NOA. Although performing testicular sperm extraction under microscopic magnification has increased sperm retrieval rates, in vitro selection and processing of quality sperm plays an essential role in the success of in vitro fertilization. Moreover, sperm cryopreservation is widely used in assisted reproductive technologies, whether for therapeutic purposes or for future fertility preservation. In recent years, there have been new developments using advanced technologies to freeze and preserve even very small numbers of sperm for which conventional techniques are inadequate. The present review provides an up-to-date summary of current strategies for maximizing sperm recovery from surgically obtained testicular samples and, as an extension, optimization of in vitro sperm processing techniques in the management of NOA.

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