scholarly journals Hepatobiliary continuum: non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, cholelithiasis ... what else?

2021 ◽  
pp. 68-76
Author(s):  
A. O. Bueverov
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Biliary Tract ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Gallstone Disease ◽  
Bacterial Overgrowth ◽  
Farnesoid X Receptor ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

The relationship between metabolic non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) and gallstone disease (GSD) is complex and seemingly interrelated. There is no doubt that there is an increased risk of cholelithiasis in patients with NAFLD, which is primarily associated with general pathogenetic mechanisms. These include central and peripheral insulin resistance, changes in the expression of transcription factors (hepatic X-receptor, farnesoid X-receptor (FXR) and membrane bile acid receptors (TGR5)). At the same time, the effect of gallstone disease on the course of NAFLD is assumed, although the pathogenetic factors of this association are still insufficient. There are accumulating data on an increased risk of other pathologies of the biliary tract in patients with NAFLD, in particular, of gallbladder polyps and tumors of the biliary tract. Recently there have been convincing data on the role of cholecystectomy in the progression of NAFLD, which may be due to disruption of endocrine balance and signaling function of  bile acids, as well as the  development of  bacterial overgrowth in  the  small intestine. General therapeutic approaches to the treatment of interrelated hepatobiliary pathology may include new generation insulinsensitizers, FXR agonists, and ursodeoxycholic acid. The link between NAFLD and the pathology of the biliary tract is complex and multifaceted, and its further study opens up prospects for the development of new methods of treatment.

scholarly journals Clinical and Pathogenetic Parallels of Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver Disease and Gallstone Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 29 (1) ◽  
pp. 17-23 ◽  
Author(s):  
Aleksey O. Bueverov
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Gallstone Disease ◽  
Bacterial Overgrowth ◽  
Membrane Receptors ◽  
Farnesoid X Receptor ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Nonalcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Increased Risk

Aim:to analyze the data that has so far been accumulated on the pathogenetic association of gallstone disease (GD) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), as well as to assess the effect of cholecystectomy on the NAFLD course.Key findings.The relationship between GD and NAFLD is very complex and seems to be mutually aggravating. There is no doubt that there is an increased risk of GB in NAFLD patients, which is primarily associated with common pathogenetic mechanisms. These include central and peripheral insulin resistance, changes in the expression of transcription factors (liver X-receptor and farnesoid X-receptor) and the bile acid membrane receptors (TGR5). Conversely, the effect of GD on the NAFLD course is assumed, although the pathogenetic factors of this association are still unknown. In recent years, convincing data has emerged concerning the role of cholecystectomy in the NAFLD progression, which may be connected with the development of small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, as well as with the disruption of the endocrine balance and the signal function of bile acids.Conclusion.The connection between NAFLD, GD and cholecystectomy is complex and multifaceted. The study of this connection will allow new methods of treatment to be developed.

scholarly journals Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: the hepatic consequence of obesity and the metabolic syndrome

2010 ◽  
Vol 69 (2) ◽  
pp. 211-220 ◽  
Author(s):  
J. Bernadette Moore
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Response To Treatment ◽  
Health Concern ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is now the most common liver disease in both adults and children worldwide. As a disease spectrum, NAFLD may progress from simple steatosis to steatohepatitis, advanced fibrosis and cirrhosis. An estimated 20–35% of the general population has steatosis, 10% of whom will develop the more progressive non-alcoholic steatohepatitis associated with markedly increased risk of cardiovascular- and liver-related mortality. Development of NAFLD is strongly linked to components of the metabolic syndrome including obesity, insulin resistance, dyslipidaemia and type 2 diabetes. The recognition that NAFLD is an independent risk factor for CVD is a major public health concern. There is a great need for a sensitive non-invasive test for the early detection and assessment of the stage of NAFLD that could also be used to monitor response to treatment. The cellular and molecular aetiology of NAFLD is multi-factorial; genetic polymorphisms influencing NAFLD have been identified and nutrition is a modifiable environmental factor influencing NAFLD progression. Weight loss through diet and exercise is the primary recommendation in the clinical management of NAFLD. The application of systems biology to the identification of NAFLD biomarkers and factors involved in NAFLD progression is an area of promising research.

scholarly journals A look at new therapeutic opportunities in patients with non-alcoholic fatty liver disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (3) ◽  
pp. 37-45
Author(s):  
Ekaterina E. Mishina ◽  
Alexander Y. Mayorov ◽  
Apollinariya V. Bogolyubova ◽  
Pavel O. Bogomolov ◽  
Maria V. Matsievich ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Farnesoid X Receptor ◽  
Bile Acid Metabolism ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Inflammatory Processes ◽  
Active Research ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) is the most common liver disease worldwide, and is considered to be the liver manifestation of metabolic syndrome. Currently, there is no etiotropic treatment of NAFLD, so an active research for new methods of treatment is underway. In the meantime, drugs are used to treat comorbid conditions, such as dyslipidemia, arterial hypertension, obesity, type 2 diabetes, which are present in varying degrees in patients. This review considers medications that are used in patients with NAFLD and related concomitant features, and also describes new strategies for regressing changes in liver tissue in NAFLD. In our opinion, one of the promising groups of drugs are agonists of the farnesoid X receptor (FXR). FXR belongs to the group of nuclear receptors, which are ligand-activated transcription factors that regulate the genes involved in metabolism. FXR agonists can claim to be a new promising drug for the treatment of NAFLD and related diseases influencing carbohydrate metabolism, fat metabolism, bile acid metabolism, as well as inflammatory processes in the liver to ensure metabolic homeostasis.

scholarly journals Cardiovascular Risk in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease: Mechanisms and Therapeutic Implications

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (17) ◽  
pp. 3104 ◽  
Author(s):  
Claudio Tana ◽  
Stefano Ballestri ◽  
Fabrizio Ricci ◽  
Angelo Di Vincenzo ◽  
Andrea Ticinesi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Cardiovascular Risk ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Cardiovascular Events ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
The Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

New evidence suggests that non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has a strong multifaceted relationship with diabetes and metabolic syndrome, and is associated with increased risk of cardiovascular events, regardless of traditional risk factors, such as hypertension, diabetes, dyslipidemia, and obesity. Given the pandemic-level rise of NAFLD—in parallel with the increasing prevalence of obesity and other components of the metabolic syndrome—and its association with poor cardiovascular outcomes, the question of how to manage NAFLD properly, in order to reduce the burden of associated incident cardiovascular events, is both timely and highly relevant. This review aims to summarize the current knowledge of the association between NAFLD and cardiovascular disease, and also to discuss possible clinical strategies for cardiovascular risk assessment, as well as the spectrum of available therapeutic strategies for the prevention and treatment of NAFLD and its downstream events.

scholarly journals Non alcoholic fatty liver disease is a predictor of subclinical Carotid Atherosclerosis in the presence of Metabolic Syndrome

2019 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 39-45
Author(s):  
Cemal Kemaloglu ◽  
Melek Didem Kemaloglu
Keyword(s):  
Metabolic Syndrome ◽  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Carotid Atherosclerosis ◽  
Controlled Study ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

Objective: The aim of this study is to identify the relationship between carotid intima-media thickness (c-imt) and non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD), and to determine whether NAFLD is an independent predictor for the progression of atherosclerosis.  Method: This is a prospective randomized controlled study. 103 NAFLD patients who have hepatosteatosis with grade II and above were enrolled in this study. Patients were divided into NAFLD with metabolic syndrome (MS) and NAFLD without MS groups and compared with 50 healthy people. Basal demographic characteristics and C-imt of all patients and control group were measured.  Results: C-imt and carotid cross sectional area rates in the NAFLD groups were significantly higher than those in the control group. The mean and max. c-imt levels were significantly higher in the NAFLD group with metabolic syndrome (p<0,001). Homeostatic Model of Assessment-Insulin Resistance (HOMA-IR) levels were increased in the group with metabolic syndrome than those in the group without metabolic syndrome, with statistical significance (p<0.001). There was no difference in c-imt levels between HOMA-IR positive and negative groups (p=0.254) in patients with NAFLD and without metabolic syndrome. There was only a mild positive corelation between c-imt levels and high sensitive C-Reactive protein (hs-CRP) levels in metabolic syndrome positive group (p=0.026 r=0.30).  Conclusion: NAFLD was a significant predictor to determine the increased risk of carotid atherosclerosis. 

scholarly journals Cardio-Metabolic Disorders in Non-Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

2019 ◽  
Vol 20 (9) ◽  
pp. 2215 ◽  
Author(s):  
Hamza El Hadi ◽  
Angelo Di Vincenzo ◽  
Roberto Vettor ◽  
Marco Rossato
Keyword(s):  
Liver Disease ◽  
Fatty Liver ◽  
Fatty Liver Disease ◽  
Metabolic Disorders ◽  
Current Understanding ◽  
Metabolic Complications ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver ◽  
Increased Risk ◽  
Stroke Type ◽  
Alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease

With the progressive epidemics of obesity, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has become the most common cause of chronic liver disease in adults and children. The increasing prevalence and incidence of NAFLD with advanced fibrosis is concerning because patients appear to experience higher non-liver-related morbidity and mortality than the general population. Recent clinical evidence suggests that NAFLD is directly associated with an increased risk of cardio-metabolic disorders. This mini review describes briefly the current understanding of the pathogenesis of NAFLD, summarizing the link between NAFLD and cardio-metabolic complications, focusing mainly upon ischemic stroke, type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM), hypertension, chronic kidney disease (CKD) and cardiac arrhythmias. In addition, it describes briefly the current understanding of the pathogenesis of NAFLD.

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