scholarly journals Sparganosis – neglected zoonosis and its reservoir in wildlife

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARTA KOŁODZIEJ-SOBOCIŃSKA ◽  
MARIUSZ MINIUK
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Wild Boar Meat ◽  
Sources Of Infection ◽  
Animal Hosts ◽  
Human Sparganosis ◽  
Białowieża Primeval Forest

Emerging parasitic invasions may have a significant influence on wild and domestic animals, as well as humans worldwide. One of the possible sources of infection is the consumption of the meat of wild animals that enable infectious agents to circulate in the environment and transmit them to human and domesticated animal hosts. Human sparganosis is an emerging and neglected zoonosis worldwide. Most cases are known from Asia; however, a few cases have also been diagnosed in Europeans. Recently, in Białowieża Primeval Forest, north-eastern Poland, cases of sparganosis were stated in both intermediate (raccoon dog, badger, wild boar) and definitive hosts (wolf, lynx). Confirmed presence of sparganosis in game species (wild boar) and the possibility of its occurrence in domestic animals (dogs and cats) must be taken into consideration in case this zoonosis is not routinely diagnosed by veterinarians. Plerocercoids in wild boar are located subcutaneously and in muscle tissue. Thus, the emergence of human sparganosis due to consumption of undercooked or smoked wild boar meat is very likely in the areas where wild boar is an approved food source. In this review we describe the biology of Spirometra sp. and the current knowledge about the spread of this tapeworm among wild animals as well as the risk for people, focusing on the situation in Europe. .

scholarly journals An update: Prevalence of rabies in animalsbetween 2010 and 2017in north-eastern Romania

2018 ◽  
Vol 75 (2) ◽  
pp. 246
Author(s):  
Mihaela- Anca DASCALU ◽  
Florentina BOCANETI ◽  
Oana TANASE ◽  
Elena VELESCU
Keyword(s):  
Epidemiological Survey ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
True Prevalence ◽  
North East ◽  
The North ◽  
Total Prevalence ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Rabies Diagnosis

In order to obtain an overview of the situation of rabies positive cases, but also to establish a true prevalence of the disease among domestic and wild animals, an epidemiological survey was conducted in the north east of the country, targeting the 8 counties of Moldova region,over a period of eight years, between 2010 and 2017. A total of 2306 brain samples coming from animals with suspicion of rabies were received at the laboratories, from which 851 (36,90 %) were represented by domestic animals and 1455 (63,10 %) by wild animals. Following the implementation of the referenced techniques in rabies diagnosis, out of 2306tested samples, 492 (21,36%) were confirmed positive and 1814 negative (78,66%). Out of 1455 samples coming from wild animals, 303 (20,82 %) were confirmed positive, with a total prevalence of 21,32 %, while in the case of domestic animals out of 851 samples, 189 were positive, with a total prevalence of 22,20 %.

scholarly journals Wild boars as sources for infectious diseases in livestock and humans

2009 ◽  
Vol 364 (1530) ◽  
pp. 2697-2707 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. J. Meng ◽  
D. S. Lindsay ◽  
N. Sriranganathan
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Classical Swine Fever ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Wild Boar Meat ◽  
Human Habitation

Wild boars ( Sus scrofa ) are indigenous in many countries in the world. These free-living swine are known reservoirs for a number of viruses, bacteria and parasites that are transmissible to domestic animals and humans. Changes of human habitation to suburban areas, increased use of lands for agricultural purposes, increased hunting activities and consumption of wild boar meat have increased the chances of exposure of wild boars to domestic animals and humans. Wild boars can act as reservoirs for many important infectious diseases in domestic animals, such as classical swine fever, brucellosis and trichinellosis, and in humans, diseases such as hepatitis E, tuberculosis, leptospirosis and trichinellosis. For examples, wild boars are reservoirs for hepatitis E virus, and cluster cases of hepatitis E have been reported in Japan of humans who consumed wild boar meat. In Canada, an outbreak of trichinellosis was linked to the consumption of wild boar meat. The incidence of tuberculosis owing to Mycobacterium bovis has increased in wild boars, thus posing a potential concern for infections in livestock and humans. It has also been documented that six hunters contracted Brucella suis infections from wild swine in Florida. This article discusses the prevalence and risk of infectious agents in wild boars and their potential transmission to livestock and humans.

scholarly journals Sylvatic trichinosis - role of wild animals in cycle of spread of trichinosis in Serbia

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 175-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Petrovic ◽  
Ivan Pusic ◽  
Jelena Apic ◽  
Dubravka Milanov ◽  
Zivoslav Grgic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Muscle Larvae ◽  
Commission Regulation ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Domestic Swine

Trichinosis is a parasitic zoonosis that is caused by parasitic larvae of the genus Trichinella. Serbia is among the countries in which T. spiralis is present, in addition to domestic animals, also in synanthropic and sylvatic animals. This paper presents the results of investigations of the spread of trichinosis among certain species of sylvatic and synanthropic animals, with the aim to establish the role of wild animals in the natural cycle of trichinosis in this country. A total of 155 samples of wild boar, foxes, jackals, and rats were analysed. The samples were investigated through the artificial digestion method using a magnetic stirrer in keeping with Commission Regulation (EC) No 2075/2005. The isolated muscle larvae were determined using the method of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The investigations established a relatively high prevalence of trichinosis in foxes (5%) and jackals (8.33%) in the territory of Vojvodina. The degree of infestation among carnivora in Serbia (10-30 larvae/10g) is much higher than in countries where there is no trichinosis among domestic animals. The prevalence of trichinosis among wild boar is not high, 0.82%, but a very high degree of infestation was established in these animals (1100 larvae/g). According to our results, the prevalence of trichinosis and the degree of infestation in rats collected from pig farms with established trichinosis is extremely high, the prevalence is higher than 80% with a degree of infestation of 900 larvae/g. The isolated muscle larvae were determined as belonging to the species T. spiralis. The spread of trichinosis is affected to a large degree by poor socioeconomic conditions, inadequate education of breeders, the absence of or unsatisfactory veterinary control, irregular animal carcass removal. Trichinosis of domestic swine is widespread in Serbia and it poses a significant risk to human health. The presented data indicate that it is necessary to include measures for preventing the spread of trichinosis from domestic swine to sylvatic animals among the measures that are being implemented to cut down trichinosis among domestic animals.

scholarly journals Monitoring of 137CS and 40K in the Levice District, Southern Slovakia

2018 ◽  
Vol 62 (1) ◽  
pp. 38-43
Author(s):  
M. Kanta ◽  
K. Beňová
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Human Health ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Natural Radionuclide ◽  
Stomach Contents ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Wild Boar Meat

Abstract The contamination of the environment, soil and meat of wild animals with radionuclides can negatively affect human health. The aim of our study was to analyse the risk arising from post-Chernobyl contamination of the meat of wild boars (Sus scrofa) originating from the district Levice, southern Slovakia, with the radioactive artificial element 137Cs. The level of natural radionuclide 40K was also determined. We examined altogether 45 samples obtained from 9 wild boars hunted in this area during the period of 2013—2015. From each animal we collected and analysed samples from the thigh, stomach contents, stomach muscles and skin. We also examined samples of soil from the locations where these animals were shot. The activity values of radioactive caesium 137Cs determined in this study were very low and therefore the consumption of wild boar meat originating from this location presents no risk to human health.

scholarly journals Hepatitis E Virus RNA Presence in Wild Boar Carcasses at Slaughterhouses in Italy

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1624
Author(s):  
Mario Forzan ◽  
Maria Irene Pacini ◽  
Marcello Periccioli ◽  
Maurizio Mazzei
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Virus Rna ◽  
The World ◽  
Undercooked Meat

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a waterborne and foodborne pathogen largely spread around the world. HEV is responsible for acute hepatitis in humans and it is also diffused in domestic and wild animals. In particular, domestic pigs represent the main reservoir of the infection and particular attention should be paid to the consumption of raw and undercooked meat as a possible zoonotic vehicle of the pathogen. Several studies have reported the presence of HEV in wild boar circulating in European countries with similar prevalence rates. In this study, we evaluated the occurrence of HEV in wild boar hunted in specific areas of Tuscany. Sampling was performed by collecting liver samples and also by swabbing the carcasses at the slaughterhouses following hunting activities. Our data indicated that 8/67 (12%) of liver samples and 4/67 (6%) of swabs were positive for HEV RNA. The presence of HEV genome on swabs indicates the possible cross-contamination of carcass surfaces during slaughtering procedures. Altogether, our data indicated that it is essential to promote health education programmes for hunters and consumers to limit the diffusion of the pathogen to humans.

scholarly journals Abdominal paragonimiasis after consumption of wild boar meat

2021 ◽  
Vol 105 ◽  
pp. 40-41
Author(s):  
Shinya Nakashima ◽  
Ichiro Takajo ◽  
Haruhiko Maruyama ◽  
Eiji Nagayasu
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Wild Boar Meat

scholarly journals Domestication of wild animals may provide a springboard for rapid variation of coronavirus

2021 ◽  
Vol 16 (1) ◽  
pp. 252-254
Author(s):  
Lei Gao
Keyword(s):  
Intermediate Host ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Intermediate Hosts ◽  
Natural Conditions ◽  
Rapid Variation ◽  
Cross Breeding ◽  
Important Direction ◽  
Animal Hosts

Abstract Coronaviruses have spread widely among humans and other animals, but not all coronaviruses carried by specific animals can directly infect other kinds of animals. Viruses from most animal hosts need an intermediate host before they can spread widely among humans. Under natural conditions, coronaviruses do not rapidly change from infecting wild animals as intermediate hosts and to spreading widely among humans. The intermediate host might be the animals captured or bred for the purpose of cross-breeding with domesticated species for improvement of the breed. These animals differ from wild animals at the environmental and genetic levels. It is an important direction to study the semi-wild animals domesticated by humans in search for intermediate hosts of viruses widely spread among humans.

scholarly journals Factors affecting the microbiological load of Italian hunted wild boar meat (Sus scrofa)

Meat Science ◽  
2020 ◽  
Vol 160 ◽  
pp. 107967 ◽  
Author(s):  
Francesca Orsoni ◽  
Claudia Romeo ◽  
Nicola Ferrari ◽  
Lia Bardasi ◽  
Giuseppe Merialdi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Factors Affecting ◽  
Wild Boar Meat

scholarly journals Trichinosis in Lublin Province in 2003-2010 on a Background of Wild Boar`S Population Dynamics

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-46
Author(s):  
Marian Flis
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Wild Boar Population ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
Species Population ◽  
Wild Boar Meat ◽  
Population Interaction ◽  
Domestic Swine ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

Abstract The research aimed at evaluating the epizootic and epidemiological situation of trichinosis during the last 8 years in Lublin province on a background of progressing increase in wild boar population within the region and in the whole country. Data for the study were taken from the report on the results of the official examination of slaughter animals and meat, poultry, game, lagomorphs and aquaculture animals and six reports on the number of trichinosis cases found at wild boars and domestic swine. In order to evaluate the trichinosis epidemiological situation within the region, reports of the National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene on the number of identified trichinosis cases in people, as well as the number of hospitalised patients were presented. In addition, information on the population and hunting achievement of wild boars in hunting circuits of Lublin province during the last 8 years was enclosed. The number of identified trichinosis cases in meat of wild boars from Lublin region increased 9 times, while the percentage of trichinosis occurrence in reference to the number of examined carcasses almost 3-fold. At the same period, the number of porcine carcasses, in which trichinosis was found, decreased by over 4 times. Over double increase in wild boar population on the studied area was observed during the evaluation. Dynamic increase in the population size - in an aspect of the species population interaction with the living habitat, and in the form of the increase in the number of damages of crops and cultivation fields - contributed to intensified hunting pressure towards the species expressed as almost 3-fold increase of wild boar hunting. Analysis of epizootic and epidemiological situation of Poland indicates that wild boar meat was the principal source of trichinosis during the studied period. Considering Lublin province, the number of identified trichinosis cases is still high as compared to eastern and central provinces. Meanwhile, when compared to western and northern Poland, the level of trichinosis invasion can be considered as low. Furthermore, the trichinosis morbidity among people, that does not exceed 0.18/100 thousand inhabitants, can be regarded as low. Nevertheless, the fact of underestimating the necessity of both wild boar’s and swine’s meat examination seems to be alarming

FTIR Spectroscopy in Combination with Chemometrics for Analysis of Wild Boar Meat in Meatball Formulation

2015 ◽  
Vol 10 (4) ◽  
pp. 165-172 ◽  
Author(s):  
Any Guntarti ◽  
Sudibyo Martono ◽  
Agustinus Yuswanto ◽  
Abdul Rohman
Keyword(s):  
Ftir Spectroscopy ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Wild Boar Meat
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