scholarly journals Sylvatic trichinosis - role of wild animals in cycle of spread of trichinosis in Serbia

2012 ◽  
Vol 66 (3-4) ◽  
pp. 175-183 ◽  
Author(s):  
Jelena Petrovic ◽  
Ivan Pusic ◽  
Jelena Apic ◽  
Dubravka Milanov ◽  
Zivoslav Grgic ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Large Degree ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Muscle Larvae ◽  
Commission Regulation ◽  
High Degree ◽  
Domestic Swine

Trichinosis is a parasitic zoonosis that is caused by parasitic larvae of the genus Trichinella. Serbia is among the countries in which T. spiralis is present, in addition to domestic animals, also in synanthropic and sylvatic animals. This paper presents the results of investigations of the spread of trichinosis among certain species of sylvatic and synanthropic animals, with the aim to establish the role of wild animals in the natural cycle of trichinosis in this country. A total of 155 samples of wild boar, foxes, jackals, and rats were analysed. The samples were investigated through the artificial digestion method using a magnetic stirrer in keeping with Commission Regulation (EC) No 2075/2005. The isolated muscle larvae were determined using the method of polymerase chain reaction (PCR). The investigations established a relatively high prevalence of trichinosis in foxes (5%) and jackals (8.33%) in the territory of Vojvodina. The degree of infestation among carnivora in Serbia (10-30 larvae/10g) is much higher than in countries where there is no trichinosis among domestic animals. The prevalence of trichinosis among wild boar is not high, 0.82%, but a very high degree of infestation was established in these animals (1100 larvae/g). According to our results, the prevalence of trichinosis and the degree of infestation in rats collected from pig farms with established trichinosis is extremely high, the prevalence is higher than 80% with a degree of infestation of 900 larvae/g. The isolated muscle larvae were determined as belonging to the species T. spiralis. The spread of trichinosis is affected to a large degree by poor socioeconomic conditions, inadequate education of breeders, the absence of or unsatisfactory veterinary control, irregular animal carcass removal. Trichinosis of domestic swine is widespread in Serbia and it poses a significant risk to human health. The presented data indicate that it is necessary to include measures for preventing the spread of trichinosis from domestic swine to sylvatic animals among the measures that are being implemented to cut down trichinosis among domestic animals.

scholarly journals Sparganosis – neglected zoonosis and its reservoir in wildlife

2018 ◽  
Vol 74 (4) ◽  
pp. 219-222 ◽  
Author(s):  
MARTA KOŁODZIEJ-SOBOCIŃSKA ◽  
MARIUSZ MINIUK
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Current Knowledge ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
North Eastern ◽  
Wild Boar Meat ◽  
Sources Of Infection ◽  
Animal Hosts ◽  
Human Sparganosis ◽  
Białowieża Primeval Forest

Emerging parasitic invasions may have a significant influence on wild and domestic animals, as well as humans worldwide. One of the possible sources of infection is the consumption of the meat of wild animals that enable infectious agents to circulate in the environment and transmit them to human and domesticated animal hosts. Human sparganosis is an emerging and neglected zoonosis worldwide. Most cases are known from Asia; however, a few cases have also been diagnosed in Europeans. Recently, in Białowieża Primeval Forest, north-eastern Poland, cases of sparganosis were stated in both intermediate (raccoon dog, badger, wild boar) and definitive hosts (wolf, lynx). Confirmed presence of sparganosis in game species (wild boar) and the possibility of its occurrence in domestic animals (dogs and cats) must be taken into consideration in case this zoonosis is not routinely diagnosed by veterinarians. Plerocercoids in wild boar are located subcutaneously and in muscle tissue. Thus, the emergence of human sparganosis due to consumption of undercooked or smoked wild boar meat is very likely in the areas where wild boar is an approved food source. In this review we describe the biology of Spirometra sp. and the current knowledge about the spread of this tapeworm among wild animals as well as the risk for people, focusing on the situation in Europe. .

PROBLEMS OF STRAY ANIMALS IN NOVOSIBIRSK

2020 ◽  
Vol 4 (2) ◽  
pp. 85-91
Author(s):  
Elena E. Rinchinova ◽  
Diyara A. Takumova ◽  
Irina I. Bochkareva
Keyword(s):  
Urban Population ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Legal Documents ◽  
Quantitative Indicators ◽  
The City

The article discusses main issues of organizing activities for the treatment of stray and street animals in the city of Novosibirsk. The important role of successful solving the problem of stray animals in ensuring environmental comfort and safety of the urban population is noted. Definitions of the concepts “stray animals” and “street animals” are given, the differences between them are emphasized. The main regulatory and legal documents governing the handling of stray and street animals are listed. The ways in which domestic animals get into a stray state are described briefly. The results of the collection and analysis of information on the activities of shelters for stray animals in Novosibirsk are described. The information on the quantitative indicators of the shelters are given. Conclusions on how to solve the problem of stray animals, relying on the latest regulations are drawn.

scholarly journals Hepatitis E Virus RNA Presence in Wild Boar Carcasses at Slaughterhouses in Italy

Animals ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (6) ◽  
pp. 1624
Author(s):  
Mario Forzan ◽  
Maria Irene Pacini ◽  
Marcello Periccioli ◽  
Maurizio Mazzei
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Foodborne Pathogen ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Cross Contamination ◽  
Wild Animals ◽  
Prevalence Rates ◽  
Virus Rna ◽  
The World ◽  
Undercooked Meat

Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a waterborne and foodborne pathogen largely spread around the world. HEV is responsible for acute hepatitis in humans and it is also diffused in domestic and wild animals. In particular, domestic pigs represent the main reservoir of the infection and particular attention should be paid to the consumption of raw and undercooked meat as a possible zoonotic vehicle of the pathogen. Several studies have reported the presence of HEV in wild boar circulating in European countries with similar prevalence rates. In this study, we evaluated the occurrence of HEV in wild boar hunted in specific areas of Tuscany. Sampling was performed by collecting liver samples and also by swabbing the carcasses at the slaughterhouses following hunting activities. Our data indicated that 8/67 (12%) of liver samples and 4/67 (6%) of swabs were positive for HEV RNA. The presence of HEV genome on swabs indicates the possible cross-contamination of carcass surfaces during slaughtering procedures. Altogether, our data indicated that it is essential to promote health education programmes for hunters and consumers to limit the diffusion of the pathogen to humans.

scholarly journals Adrenal incidentalomas: imaging challenges—role of MDCT scan versus MRI in evaluating adrenal incidentalomas

2021 ◽  
Vol 52 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Monica Maher Amin Nawar ◽  
Sameh Abdel Aziz Zaky Hanna ◽  
Shereen Sadik El-Sawy ◽  
Sally Yehia Shokralla
Keyword(s):  
Significant Risk ◽  
Adrenal Incidentaloma ◽  
Adrenal Incidentalomas ◽  
Specific Patient ◽  
Contrast Enhanced Ct ◽  
Contrast Enhanced ◽  
Enhanced Ct ◽  
Significant Difference ◽  
Adrenal Masses

Abstract Background The term adrenal incidentaloma (AI), by definition, is an adrenal mass that is unexpectedly detected through an imaging procedure performed for reasons unrelated to adrenal dysfunction or suspected dysfunction. Despite their frequent appearance, the challenge remains in recognizing and treating the small percentage of AI that poses a significant risk, either because of their hormonal activity or because of their malignant histology. The aim of this study is to study the role of MRI, specifically chemical shift imaging (CSI), against various MDCT scans (non-enhanced, enhanced, and delayed) in the characterization of incidentally discovered adrenal masses to offer a way for the patients to avoid unnecessary time and money-wasting imaging modalities used to reach a diagnosis of their incidentally discovered adrenal lesions. We examined a total number of 20 patients with total of 22 adrenal lesions. The mean age was 51.1 ± 15.27. Results In our study, we found that among CT parameters, APW and RPW showed the highest sensitivity and specificity for detection of lipid-rich adenomas. CSI has also proven to be the best MR technique. However, there is no statistically significant difference in the diagnostic capability of CSI versus the CT washout technique. Both modalities could be conducted, according to specific patient preferences and/or limitations, with comparable highly accurate outcomes. Conclusion This study demonstrates that a similar diagnostic outcome is obtained from contrast-enhanced CT (CECT) and MRI with CSI of adrenal lesions.

scholarly journals The Role of Extension and Advisory Services in Strengthening Farmers’ Innovation Networks to Adapt to Climate Extremes

2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (4) ◽  
pp. 1941
Author(s):  
Md Kamruzzaman ◽  
Katherine Anne Daniell ◽  
Ataharul Chowdhury ◽  
Steven Crimp
Keyword(s):  
Information Access ◽  
Significant Risk ◽  
Climate Extremes ◽  
Rice Cultivation ◽  
Innovation Networks ◽  
Flash Flooding ◽  
Research Organizations ◽  
Local Input ◽  
Local Weather

There is anecdotal evidence of the effectiveness of Extension and Advisory Service (EAS) agencies for strengthening innovation networks to adapt to extreme events that impact agricultural production and productivity. In Bangladesh, the Department of Agricultural Extension (DAE) is responsible for ensuring sustainable rice farming, which is damaged by flash flooding every year. This study investigates how EAS can strengthen farmers’ innovation networks by examining DAE’s efforts to adapt rice cultivation to flash flooding. Using surveys and interviews from farmers affiliated with DAE (DAE-farmers) and farmers independent of DAE (non-DAE farmers), the effectiveness of innovation networks was examined. One of the key findings of this paper is that DAE’s efforts to strengthen the innovation networks of farmers to adapt rice cultivation to flash flooding focused on the facilitation of the agronomic network development. The organization missed the opportunity to enable the harvesting networks’ efficacy. As the harvesting activities are highly exposed to flash flooding, the absence of adequate support from the DAE and timely updates of local weather and flash flooding information indicates that farmers are still at significant risk. This study also shows the value of including both formal (e.g., EAS agencies, research organizations) and informal actors (e.g., relatives, local input dealers) in the innovation network as a way of ensuring diversity of information access.

scholarly journals The Role of Interleukine-10 and Interferon-γ as Potential Markers of the Evolution of African Swine Fever Virus Infection in Wild Boar

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (6) ◽  
pp. 757
Author(s):  
Sandra Barroso-Arévalo ◽  
Jose A. Barasona ◽  
Estefanía Cadenas-Fernández ◽  
José M. Sánchez-Vizcaíno
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Vaccine Candidate ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Interferon Γ ◽  
Fever Virus ◽  
Control Group ◽  
Challenge Virus ◽  
Ifn Γ

African swine fever virus (ASFv) is one of the most challenging pathogens to affect both domestic and wild pigs. The disease has now spread to Europe and Asia, causing great damage to the pig industry. Although no commercial vaccine with which to control the disease is, as yet, available, some potential vaccine candidates have shown good results in terms of protection. However, little is known about the host immune mechanisms underlying that protection, especially in wild boar, which is the main reservoir of the disease in Europe. Here, we study the role played by two cytokines (IL-10 and IFN-γ) in wild boar orally inoculated with the attenuated vaccine candidate Lv17/WB/Rie1 and challenged with a virulent ASFv genotype II isolate. A group of naïve wild boar challenged with the latter isolate was also established as a control group. Our results showed that both cytokines play a key role in protecting the host against the challenge virus. While high levels of IL-10 in serum may trigger an immune system malfunctioning in challenged animals, the provision of stable levels of this cytokine over time may help to control the disease. This, together with high and timely induction of IFN-γ by the vaccine candidate, could help protect animals from fatal outcomes. Further studies should be conducted in order to support these preliminary results and confirm the role of these two cytokines as potential markers of the evolution of ASFV infection.

scholarly journals Spontaneous Retroperitoneal Hematoma in COVID-19 Severe Pneumonia–Dual-phase Multidetector Computed Tomography (MDCT) Angiogram and Role of Radiologist

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Vikash Kumar Gupta ◽  
Buthaina Mohammad Alkandari ◽  
Wasif Mohammed ◽  
Mohsen Ahmed Abdelmohsen ◽  
Mohammad Gaber Abdullah Mohammad
Keyword(s):  
Significant Risk ◽  
Severe Pneumonia ◽  
Retroperitoneal Hematoma ◽  
Low Molecular Weight ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Prophylactic Dose ◽  
Therapeutic Anticoagulation ◽  
Coagulation Tests ◽  
Polymerase Chain

AbstractStudies available in the literature have shown alterations in blood coagulation tests in severe cases of COVID-19 pneumonia, with a significant risk of venous thromboembolism (VTE). Since microvascular thrombosis is a well-known fact in COVID-19 disease, requiring therapeutic anticoagulation, low-molecular weight heparin (LMWH) in prophylactic dose is a part of the clinical management of hospitalized COVID-19 patients. In this scenario, we describe three cases of abdominal spontaneous retroperitoneal hematoma (SRH) in hospitalized reverse transcriptase-polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR)-confirmed COVID-19 patients.

scholarly journals Role of beta-adrenergic receptor subtypes in pig uterus contractility with inflammation

2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Barbara Jana ◽  
Jarosław Całka
Keyword(s):  
Adrenergic Receptors ◽  
Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Inhibitory Effect ◽  
Receptor Subtypes ◽  
Beta Adrenergic Receptor ◽  
Pharmacological Modulation ◽  
Uterine Inflammation ◽  
Myometrial Contractility

AbstractUterine inflammation is a very common and serious condition in domestic animals. To development and progression of this pathology often lead disturbances in myometrial contractility. Participation of β1-, β2- and β3-adrenergic receptors (ARs) in noradrenaline (NA)-influenced contractility of the pig inflamed uterus was studied. The gilts of SAL- and E.coli-treated groups were administered saline or E.coli suspension into the uterine horns, respectively. Laparotomy was only done in the CON group. Compared to the period before NA administration, this neurotransmitter reduced the tension, amplitude and frequency in uterine strips of the CON and SAL groups. In the E.coli group, NA decreased the amplitude and frequency, and these parameters were lower than in other groups. In the CON, SAL and E.coli groups, β1- and β3-ARs antagonists in more cases did not significantly change and partly eliminated NA inhibitory effect on amplitude and frequency, as compared to NA action alone. In turn, β2-ARs antagonist completely abolished NA relaxatory effect on these parameters in three groups. Summarizing, NA decreases the contractile amplitude and frequency of pig inflamed uterus via all β-ARs subtypes, however, β2-ARs have the greatest importance. Given this, pharmacological modulation of particular β-ARs subtypes can be used to increase inflamed uterus contractility.

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