scholarly journals Trichinosis in Lublin Province in 2003-2010 on a Background of Wild Boar`S Population Dynamics

2012 ◽  
Vol 56 (1) ◽  
pp. 43-46
Author(s):  
Marian Flis
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Wild Boar Population ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Hospitalised Patients ◽  
Species Population ◽  
Wild Boar Meat ◽  
Population Interaction ◽  
Domestic Swine ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

Abstract The research aimed at evaluating the epizootic and epidemiological situation of trichinosis during the last 8 years in Lublin province on a background of progressing increase in wild boar population within the region and in the whole country. Data for the study were taken from the report on the results of the official examination of slaughter animals and meat, poultry, game, lagomorphs and aquaculture animals and six reports on the number of trichinosis cases found at wild boars and domestic swine. In order to evaluate the trichinosis epidemiological situation within the region, reports of the National Institute of Public Health-National Institute of Hygiene on the number of identified trichinosis cases in people, as well as the number of hospitalised patients were presented. In addition, information on the population and hunting achievement of wild boars in hunting circuits of Lublin province during the last 8 years was enclosed. The number of identified trichinosis cases in meat of wild boars from Lublin region increased 9 times, while the percentage of trichinosis occurrence in reference to the number of examined carcasses almost 3-fold. At the same period, the number of porcine carcasses, in which trichinosis was found, decreased by over 4 times. Over double increase in wild boar population on the studied area was observed during the evaluation. Dynamic increase in the population size - in an aspect of the species population interaction with the living habitat, and in the form of the increase in the number of damages of crops and cultivation fields - contributed to intensified hunting pressure towards the species expressed as almost 3-fold increase of wild boar hunting. Analysis of epizootic and epidemiological situation of Poland indicates that wild boar meat was the principal source of trichinosis during the studied period. Considering Lublin province, the number of identified trichinosis cases is still high as compared to eastern and central provinces. Meanwhile, when compared to western and northern Poland, the level of trichinosis invasion can be considered as low. Furthermore, the trichinosis morbidity among people, that does not exceed 0.18/100 thousand inhabitants, can be regarded as low. Nevertheless, the fact of underestimating the necessity of both wild boar’s and swine’s meat examination seems to be alarming

scholarly journals Epizootic and epidemiological situation of Trichinella sp. infection in Poland in 2006–2015 in view of wild boar population dynamics

2017 ◽  
Vol 61 (2) ◽  
pp. 181-187 ◽  
Author(s):  
Marian Flis ◽  
Eugeniusz R. Grela ◽  
Dariusz Gugała
Keyword(s):  
Population Dynamics ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Fold Increase ◽  
Reservoir Host ◽  
Wild Boar Population ◽  
Annual Population ◽  
Infection Source ◽  
Wild Boar Meat ◽  
Hunting Statistics ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

AbstractIntroduction: The objective was to evaluate the epizootic and epidemiological situation of Trichinella sp. infection in Poland between 2006 and 2015 against the dynamics of the wild boar population and its primary reservoir host.Material and Methods: Boar and porcine trichinosis epizootic analysis was based on General Veterinary Inspectorate data from RRW-6 bulletins. The epidemiological situation was evaluated on the basis of the data supplied by the Department of Epidemiology of the National Institute of Hygiene - National Institute of Public Health. The wild boar hunting harvest and population dynamics were estimated, as these animals remain the basic infection source for humans. Population size and harvest data were obtained from hunting statistics.Results: The study timeframe showed an almost 2.5-fold increase in Trichinella infection cases in wild boars but a significant decline in human cases. In the domestic pig, the incidence rate did not exceed 0.00037%. The highest infection risk exists in West Pomerania, Greater Poland, and Kuyavian-Pomeranian Provinces. Over the study period, the wild boar population increased more than 1.5-fold, while the hunting harvest more than tripled. During the last two seasons the total hunt surpassed 100% of the spring population.Conclusion: Wild boar management by increasing the hunting take of the annual population growth should limit that growth and decrease the take in the future. Thereby, over some years intra-species trichinosis spread should reduce, for a substantial safety gain for wild boar meat.

scholarly journals First report of HEV-3 subtypes e and f in the wild boar population in Abruzzo region, Italy

2020 ◽  
Vol 30 (Supplement_5) ◽  
Author(s):  
S Scattolini ◽  
D D'Angelantonio ◽  
V Di Lollo ◽  
S Olivieri ◽  
M Marcacci ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Hot Spot ◽  
Wild Boar Population ◽  
Subtype C ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
First Report ◽  
Abruzzo Region ◽  
In The Wild ◽  
Wild Boar Meat

Abstract Background Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a zoonotic pathogen and wild boars are recognised as reservoirs. HEV is the most common cause of acute viral hepatitis worldwide and it is usually transmitted by faecal-oral route. EU reported more than 21.000 human cases over the last 10 years (1). At the present, HEV comprises 8 genotypes and several subtypes. HEV genotypes 3 and 4 (HEV-3 and HEV-4) are zoonotic. This is the first report of HEV-3 subtype e and f in the wild boar population in Abruzzo region. Methods During the hunting season 2018-2019, liver samples from wild boars were analysed using Real Time RT-PCR for the detection of HEV RNA. Among these, positive sample were subjected to Whole Genome Sequencing for genotyping. After the quality check, reads were mapped using the nearest identified ref. sequence (KU176129) and the resulting HEV RNA sequences have been analysed using HEV net (open source software). Results Overall, 40 samples were tested positive for the detection of HEV RNA. Among these, 19 samples, with a Ct value ≤ 38, were selected for phylogenetic analysis. All RNA viral samples belonged to HEV-3. In particular, 2 RNA viral samples belonged to subtype e and 1 to subtype f. The others, instead, belonged to HEV-3 subtype c. Conclusions Up to now, only HEV-3 subtype c has been reported among wild boars in Abruzzo, an Italian region officially recognized as an HEV hot spot because of the high number of human cases and for the strong sero-prevalence among blood donors. In this study, we report for the first time the presence of HEV-3 subtypes e and f in the wild boar population of this area. Since HEV-3 subtypes e and f are commonly associated to human disease from consumption of raw/undercooked pork meats, these findings suggest the potential risk also associated with the consumption of wild boar meat. Nevertheless, this speculation needs further investigations. 1.EFSA (2017). Public health risks associated with HEV as a food-borne pathogen. E. Jou., 15(7) Key messages First report of the presence of HEV-3 subtypes e and f among wild boar population in Abruzzo region. Potential risk for human health of HEV transmission associated with raw/undercooked wild boar meat consumption.

scholarly journals Prevalence and Antimicrobial Resistances of Salmonella spp. Isolated from Wild Boars in Liguria Region, Italy

Pathogens ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 10 (5) ◽  
pp. 568
Author(s):  
Elisabetta Razzuoli ◽  
Valeria Listorti ◽  
Isabella Martini ◽  
Laura Migone ◽  
Lucia Decastelli ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Antimicrobial Resistance ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Antimicrobial Susceptibility ◽  
Potential Risk ◽  
Salmonella Enterica ◽  
Intestinal Tract ◽  
Wild Boar Population ◽  
Salmonella Spp ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
In The Wild

Salmonella spp. is an important zoonotic agent. Wild boars might host this pathogen in the intestinal tract and might represent a risk for Salmonella spp. transmission to humans. Wild boars are widely spread in Liguria, due to the environmental characteristics of the region. The aim of the study was the isolation, typing, and investigation of antimicrobial susceptibility of the isolated strains of Salmonella spp. During the 2013–2017 hunting seasons, 4335 livers of wild boars were collected and analyzed for the presence of Salmonella spp. A total of 260 strains of Salmonella spp. were isolated and characterized, with a prevalence of 6%. The isolated strains belonged to all six Salmonella enterica subspecies. Most of them were identified as Salmonella enterica subs. enterica of which 31 different serotypes were identified. The dominating serotype identified was S. Enteritidis. The antimicrobial resistance profiles of the isolated strains were analyzed against sixteen molecules. Of the isolated strains, 94.6% were resistant to at least one of the tested antimicrobials. This study showed the circulation of resistant Salmonella spp. strains in the wild boar population living in this area of Italy, underling the potential risk for these animals to disseminate this pathogen and its antimicrobial resistances.

scholarly journals Population Genetic Structure of Wild Boar And Dispersal Performance Based On Kinship Analysis In The Northern Region of South Korea

2021 ◽  
Author(s):  
Seung Woo Han ◽  
Han Chan Park ◽  
Jee Hyun Kim ◽  
Jae Hwa Suh ◽  
Hang Lee ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
South Korea ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Population Genetic ◽  
Management Strategies ◽  
Distance Estimation ◽  
Northern Region ◽  
Dispersal Distance ◽  
Wild Boar Population ◽  
Kinship Analysis ◽  
Wild Boars

Abstract Wild boar (Sus scrofa) is one of the most challenging mammalian species to manage in the wild because of its high reproductive rate, population density, and lack of predators in much of its range. A recent outbreak of African swine fever (ASF) and the transmission into domestic pigs in commercial farms empower the necessity of establishing management strategies of the wild boar population in the northern region of South Korea. A population genetic study, including the dispersal distance estimation of wild boars, is required to prepare fine-scale population management strategies in the region. In this study, both population structure analysis and dispersal distance estimation based on kinship were conducted using 13 microsatellite markers. The results revealed a high level of genetic diversity compared to a previous study. The population was not structured obviously, but there was a slight level of genetic differentiation between groups mainly formed by isolation by distance rather than mountain ridges. The dispersal distance estimation of Korean wild boars based on kinship analysis showed a philopatric pattern in females. However, extensive dispersal ability in both sexes was observed with a considerable proportion. The population genetic status and dispersal traits of wild boars may provide valuable data for planning detailed ASF and wild boar population management strategies in South Korea.

scholarly journals Wild boars as sources for infectious diseases in livestock and humans

2009 ◽  
Vol 364 (1530) ◽  
pp. 2697-2707 ◽  
Author(s):  
X. J. Meng ◽  
D. S. Lindsay ◽  
N. Sriranganathan
Keyword(s):  
Infectious Diseases ◽  
Wild Boar ◽  
Hepatitis E Virus ◽  
Classical Swine Fever ◽  
Hepatitis E ◽  
Domestic Animals ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Suburban Areas ◽  
Wild Boar Meat ◽  
Human Habitation

Wild boars ( Sus scrofa ) are indigenous in many countries in the world. These free-living swine are known reservoirs for a number of viruses, bacteria and parasites that are transmissible to domestic animals and humans. Changes of human habitation to suburban areas, increased use of lands for agricultural purposes, increased hunting activities and consumption of wild boar meat have increased the chances of exposure of wild boars to domestic animals and humans. Wild boars can act as reservoirs for many important infectious diseases in domestic animals, such as classical swine fever, brucellosis and trichinellosis, and in humans, diseases such as hepatitis E, tuberculosis, leptospirosis and trichinellosis. For examples, wild boars are reservoirs for hepatitis E virus, and cluster cases of hepatitis E have been reported in Japan of humans who consumed wild boar meat. In Canada, an outbreak of trichinellosis was linked to the consumption of wild boar meat. The incidence of tuberculosis owing to Mycobacterium bovis has increased in wild boars, thus posing a potential concern for infections in livestock and humans. It has also been documented that six hunters contracted Brucella suis infections from wild swine in Florida. This article discusses the prevalence and risk of infectious agents in wild boars and their potential transmission to livestock and humans.

scholarly journals Genetic Diversity and Epidemiological Significance of Wild Boar HEV-3 Strains Circulating in Poland

Viruses ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 13 (6) ◽  
pp. 1176
Author(s):  
Iwona Kozyra ◽  
Ewelina Bigoraj ◽  
Artur Jabłoński ◽  
Katerina Politi ◽  
Artur Rzeżutka
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Polish Population ◽  
Wild Boar Population ◽  
Rt Pcr ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Wildlife Species ◽  
Subtype Identification ◽  
Epidemiological Significance ◽  
Virus Strains ◽  
Virus Subtype

The wild boar is the most important reservoir of zoonotic HEV-3 strains among different wildlife species. The aim of the study was subtype identification of wild boar HEV-3 strains circulating in Poland. Wild boar liver was used in the study in the form of homogenates prepared from 57 samples positive for HEV in a real-time RT-PCR. These samples were collected from juvenile and adult wild boars hunted in the jurisdictions of different Regional Directorates of State Forests (RDSF) across Poland. Subtype identification of detected HEV strains was based on a phylogenetic analysis of the most conserved HEV ORF2 genome fragment. Out of 57 tested samples, consensus HEV ORF2 sequences of 348 bp were obtained for 45 strains. Nineteen strains were identified and belonged to the HEV gt 3a and 3i subtypes, whereas 26 were not assigned to any virus subtype. HEV gt 3i strains prevailed in the Polish wild boar population, 16 of such were identified, and they were significantly more often observed in the RDSF Katowice area (χ2 = 28.6, p = 0.027 (<0.05)) compared to other regions of the country. Circulation of 3a strains was limited only to the RDSF Gdańsk territory (χ2 = 48, p = 0.000 (<0.05)). The virus strains detected in the Polish population of wild boars representing previously identified HEV subtypes in wild boars, pigs, or humans in Europe are of epidemiological importance for public health.

Selenium concentration in the muscle tissue of wild boars (Sus scrofa) from selected regions in Poland

2016 ◽  
Vol 12 (4) ◽  
pp. 113-119
Author(s):  
Michalina Zowczak ◽  
Grażyna Niedziałek ◽  
Ewa Salamończyk ◽  
Roman Miler
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Muscle Tissue ◽  
Sus Scrofa ◽  
Selenium Concentration ◽  
Carcass Weight ◽  
Average Content ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Wild Boar Meat ◽  
Meat Samples ◽  
Mean Concentration

The aim of the study was to determine the concentration of selenium in the meat of wild boars from three selected regions of Poland. Selenium concentration was analysed in relation to the region (Masuria, Pomerania and Greater Poland) and in relation to the carcass weight and sex of the animals. The average content of selenium in the material was 0.093 μg/g. The highest mean concentration was observed in the meat samples from Greater Poland (0.099 μg/g) and in the muscle tissue of females (0.098 μg/g). The most valuable source of selenium was the meat of animals with carcass weight ranging from 21 to 40 kg (0.101μg/g). A 100 g portion of wild boar meat meets about 20% of the daily requirement for selenium for adults and 30% for children.

Wild boars meat as a potential source of human trichinellosis in Poland: current data

2015 ◽  
Vol 60 (3) ◽  
Author(s):  
Bożena Moskwa ◽  
Aleksandra Cybulska ◽  
Aleksandra Kornacka ◽  
Władysław Cabaj ◽  
Justyna Bień
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Current Data ◽  
Chain Reaction ◽  
Sylvatic Cycle ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Source Of Infection ◽  
Potential Source ◽  
Current Prevalence ◽  
Wild Boar Meat ◽  
Polymerase Chain

AbstractTrichinellosis is an epidemiological problem with a global distribution. In Poland a substantial increase of the wild boar population has been observed since 2010, together with an increased incidence of trichinellosis after ingestion of raw or undercooked wild boar products containing Trichinella spp. larvae. However, the actual number of human cases remains particularly difficult to determine. The aim of the present study was to determine the current prevalence and spread of these parasites within wild boars. The diaphragm pillars and tongue from 833 wild boars were collected from 2010 to 2014, as well as one wild boar meat sausage known to be a source of infection. The samples were tested for Trichinella spp. using pepsin digestion. Recovered larvae were identified at species level by multiplex polymerase chain reaction (multiplex PCR). The overall prevalence in all examined samples was found to be 2.0% (17/833). Recovered larvae were identified as T. spiralis and T. britovi (9/18 and 5/18, respectively). T. spiralis larvae were isolated from the sausage. Mixed infection was confirmed only once. Three isolates were not identified. The results of our study confirm that the wild boar plays a key role in the maintenance of Trichinella nematodes through the sylvatic cycle.

scholarly journals Epidemiological analysis of classical swine fever in wild boars in Japan

2021 ◽  
Vol 17 (1) ◽  
Author(s):  
Yumiko Shimizu ◽  
Yoko Hayama ◽  
Yoshinori Murato ◽  
Kotaro Sawai ◽  
Emi Yamaguchi ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Mixed Model ◽  
Linear Mixed Model ◽  
Classical Swine Fever ◽  
Disease Spread ◽  
Wild Boar Population ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
First Case ◽  
Forest Continuity ◽  
In The Wild

Abstract Background Classical swine fever (CSF) is a contagious disease of pigs and wild boars that is transmitted through direct/indirect contact between animals or CSF virus-contaminated fomites. When the disease re-emerged in 2018 in Japan, a CSF-infected wild boar was reported shortly after the initial pig farm outbreak; subsequently, the disease spread widely. To control the disease spread among wild boars, intensive capturing, fencing, and oral bait vaccination were implemented with concomitant virological and serological surveillance. This study aimed to describe the disease spread in the wild boar population in Japan from September 2018, when the first case was reported, to March 2020, based on the surveillance data. We conducted statistical analyses using a generalized linear mixed model to identify factors associated with CSF infection among wild boars. Moreover, we descriptively assessed the effect of oral bait vaccination, which started in March 2019 in some municipalities in the affected areas. Results We observed a faster CSF infection spread in the wild boar population in Japan compared with the CSF epidemics in European countries. The infection probability was significantly higher in dead and adult animals. The influence of the multiple rounds of oral bait vaccination was not elucidated by the statistical modeling analyses. There was a decrease and increase in the proportion of infected and immune animals, respectively; however, the immunization in piglets remained insufficient after vaccination for 1 year. Conclusions Conditions regarding the wild boar habitat, including forest continuity, higher wild boar population density, and a larger proportion of susceptible piglets, were addressed to increase the infection risk in the wild boar population. These findings could improve the national control strategy against the CSF epidemic among wild boars.

scholarly journals African Swine Fever Virus (ASFV) in Poland in 2019—Wild Boars: Searching Pattern

Agriculture ◽  
2021 ◽  
Vol 11 (1) ◽  
pp. 45
Author(s):  
Maciej Frant ◽  
Anna Gal ◽  
Łukasz Bocian ◽  
Anna Ziętek-Barszcz ◽  
Krzysztof Niemczuk ◽  
...  
Keyword(s):  
Wild Boar ◽  
Logistic Regression Model ◽  
African Swine Fever Virus ◽  
African Swine Fever ◽  
Passive Surveillance ◽  
Domestic Pig ◽  
Wild Boars ◽  
Preventive Actions ◽  
Control And Prevention ◽  
Epidemiological Situation

African swine fever (ASF) was introduced to Poland in 2014. Despite the implementation of preventive actions focused on the reduction of wild boar populations and the introduction of biosecurity rules in domestic pig farms, the disease has been continuously spreading to new areas. The aim of this paper was to analyze the dynamics of ASFV spread in wild boar populations in Poland and to summarize the 2019 epidemiological situation. Using a logistic regression model, it has been shown that there is a significant correlation between the month, ASF affected area and ASF prevalence among wild boars. According to EU definitions, Part II and Part III zones had a total of 3065 (65.2%) ASF-positive death wild boars. In addition, there were 36 post-accident (road-killed) wild boars (2.6%) and 612 hunted animals (1.5%) in this area. These results showed the importance of passive surveillance and its advantages overactive surveillance in ASF control and prevention. The data indicated a greater chance of a positive result in the winter months (January, February, March) than in reference September, where the ASF prevalence was the lowest. This observation confirms the preliminary theory about the seasonality of the disease in wild boar populations and its connection with winter.

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